3
Fiii lui Iuda: Er, Onan, Şela; aceşti trei i s-au născut din fata lui Şua, Cananita. Er, întâiul născut al lui Iuda, era rău înaintea Domnului, care l-a omorât.
4
Tamar, nora lui Iuda, i-a născut pe Pereţ şi Zerah. Toţi fiii lui Iuda au fost cinci.
5
Fiii lui Pereţ: Heţron şi Hamul.
6
Fiii lui Zerah: Zimri, Etan, Heman, Calcol şi Dara. De toţi: cinci.
7
-Fiii lui Carmi au fost: Acar, care a turburat pe Israel când a săvârşit o fărădelege cu privire la lucrurile cari trebuiau nimicite cu desăvârşire. -
8
Fiul lui Etan: Azaria.
9
Fiii cari s-au născut lui Heţron au fost Ierahmeel, Ram şi Chelubai (Caleb).
10
Ram a născut pe Aminadab. Aminadab a născut pe Nahşon, domnul fiilor lui Iuda.
11
Nahşon a născut pe Salma. Salma a născut pe Boaz.
12
Boaz a născut pe Obed. Obed a născut pe Isai.
13
Isai a născut pe Eliab, întâiul lui născut, pe Abinadab, al doilea, pe Şimea, al treilea,
14
pe Netaneel, al patrulea, pe Radai, al cincilea,
15
pe Oţem, al şaselea, pe David, al şaptelea.
16
Surorile lor erau: Ţeruia şi Abigail. Fiii Ţeruiei au fost: Abişai, Ioab şi Asael, trei.
17
Abigail a născut pe Amasa; tatăl lui Amasa a fost Ieter, Ismaelitul.
18
Caleb, fiul lui Heţron, a avut copii cu nevastă-sa Azuba, şi cu Ieriot. Iată fiii pe cari i-a avut cu Azuba: Ieşer, Şobab şi Ardon.
19
Azuba a murit; şi Caleb a luat pe Efrat, care i-a născut pe Hur.
20
Hur a născut pe Uri, şi Uri a născut pe Beţaleel. -
21
În urmă, Heţron a intrat la fiica lui Machir, tatăl lui Galaad, şi avea şasezeci de ani când a luat-o; ea i-a născut pe Segub.
22
Segub a născut pe Iair, care a avut douăzeci şi trei de cetăţi în ţara Galaadului.
23
Gheşuriţii şi Sirienii le-au luat târgurile lui Iair cu Chenatul şi cetăţile cari ţineau de el: şasezeci de cetăţi. Toţi aceştia erau fiii lui Machir, tatăl lui Galaad.
24
După moartea lui Heţron la Caleb-Efrata, Abia, nevasta lui Heţron, i-a născut pe Aşhur, tatăl lui Tecoa.
25
Fiii lui Ierahmeel, întâiul născut al lui Heţron, au fost: Ram, întâiul născut, Buna, Oren şi Oţem, născuţi din Ahia.
26
Ierahmeel a avut o altă nevastă, numită Atara, care a fost mama lui Onam. -
27
Fiii lui Ram, întâiul născut al lui Ierahmeel, au fost: Maaţ, Iamin şi Echer. -
28
Fiii lui Onam au fost: Şamai şi Iada. Fiii lui Şamai: Nadab şi Abişur.
29
Numele nevestei lui Abişur era Abihail, şi ea i-a născut pe Ahban şi Molid.
30
Fiii lui Nadab: Seled şi Apaim. Seled a murit fără fii.
31
Fiul lui Apaim: Işei. Fiul lui Işei: Şeşan. Fiul lui Şeşan: Ahlai.
32
Fiii lui Iada, fratele lui Şamai: Ieter şi Ionatan. Ieter a murit fără fii.
33
Fiii lui Ionatan: Pelet şi Zaza, -Aceştia sânt fiii lui Ierahmeel. -
34
Şeşan n-a avut fii, dar a avut fete. Şeşan avea un rob Egiptean numit Iarha.
35
Şi Şeşan a dat pe fiică-sa de nevastă robului său Iarha; ea i-a născut pe Atai.
36
Atai a născut pe Natan; Natan a născut pe Zabad;
37
Zabad a născut pe Eflal; Eflal a născut pe Obed;
38
Obed a născut pe Iehu; Iehu a născut pe Azaria;
39
Azaria a născut pe Haleţ; Haleţ a născut pe Elasa.
40
Elasa a născut pe Sismai; Sismai a născut pe Şalum;
41
Şalum a născut pe Iecamia; Iecamia a născut pe Elişama.
42
Fiii lui Caleb, fratele lui Ierahmeel: Meşa, întâiul său născut, care a fost tatăl lui Zif, şi fiii lui Mareşa, tatăl lui Hebron.
43
Fiii lui Hebron: Core, Tapuah, Rechem şi Şema.
44
Şema a născut pe Raham, tatăl lui Iorcheam. Rechem a născut pe Şamai.
45
Fiul lui Şamai: Maon; şi Maon, tatăl lui Bet-Ţur.
46
Efa, ţiitoarea lui Caleb, a născut pe Haran, Moţa şi Gazez. Haran a născut pe Gazez.
47
Fiii lui Iahdai: Reghem, Iotam, Gheşan, Pelet, Efa şi Şaaf.
48
Maaca, ţiitoarea lui Caleb, a născut pe Şeber şi Tirhana.
49
Ea a mai născut pe Şaaf, tatăl lui Madmana, şi pe Şeva, tatăl lui Macbena şi tatăl lui Ghibea. Fata lui Caleb era Acsa.
50
Aceştia au fost fiii lui Caleb: Şobal, fiul lui Hur, întâiul născut al Efratei, şi tatăl lui Chiriat-Iearim;
51
Salma, tatăl lui Betleem; Haref, tatăl lui Bet-Gader.
52
Fiii lui Şobal, tatăl lui Chiriat-Iearim, au fost: Haroe, Haţi-Hamenuhot.
53
Familiile lui Chiriat-Iearim au fost: Ietriţii, Putiţii, Şumatiţii şi Mişraiţii; din aceste familii au ieşit Ţoreatiţii şi Eştaoliţii.
54
Fiii lui Salma: Betleem şi Netofatiţii, Atrot-Bet-Ioab, Haţi-Hamanahti, Ţoreiţii;
55
şi familiile cărturarilor cari locuiau la Iaebeţ, Tireatiţii, Şimeatiţii şi Sucatiţii. Aceştia sânt Cheniţii, ieşiţi din Hamat, tatăl casei lui Recab.
{"verseMap":{"1":[{"id":40760,"type":"profile","type_label":"Profil","type_icon":"👤","type_color":"#f59e0b","title_ro":"Judah","title_en":"Judah","content_ro":"<h3>Judah<\/h3>\n<p>Judah is remembered most often as the ancestor of King David and of Jesus Christ. Despite his birth as a middle child and his sins as an adult (Gen 38), God chose Judah to carry the line of King David (1 Chr 2:1-17; 3:1-24) and of the Messiah (Gen 49:8-12; Matt 1:1-16; Luke 3:23-34).<\/p>\n<p>Judah was the fourth of Jacob’s twelve sons (Gen 35:23; 1 Chr 2:1). Leah, overjoyed to have borne her fourth son, named him Judah, meaning “praise” (Gen 29:35). Judah fathered five sons: Er, Onan, and Shelah by Bathshua, a woman from Canaan (Gen 38:1-5; 1 Chr 2:3); and the twins, Perez and Zerah, by his daughter-in-law Tamar (Gen 38:27-30; 1 Chr 2:4). God killed his first two sons, Er and Onan, in Canaan for disobedience (Gen 46:12). Judah eventually settled his family in Egypt with his father and brothers (Exod 1:1-2).<\/p>\n<p>Though reckless in his behavior with Tamar (Gen 38:6-30), Judah took personal responsibility for Benjamin’s safety in Egypt and interceded with Joseph for his brothers (44:14-34). When Jacob gave his dying blessing, he granted Judah a position of leadership; the future kings of Israel would come through Judah’s offspring (see 49:10).<\/p>\n<p><strong>Passages for Further Study<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Gen 29:35; 37:26-27; 38:1-30; 43:1-10; 44:14-34; 46:28; 49:8-12; Ruth 4:12; 1 Chr 2:3-4; 5:2; Ps 108:8<\/p>","content_en":"<h3>Judah<\/h3>\n<p>Judah is remembered most often as the ancestor of King David and of Jesus Christ. Despite his birth as a middle child and his sins as an adult (Gen 38), God chose Judah to carry the line of King David (1 Chr 2:1-17; 3:1-24) and of the Messiah (Gen 49:8-12; Matt 1:1-16; Luke 3:23-34).<\/p>\n<p>Judah was the fourth of Jacob’s twelve sons (Gen 35:23; 1 Chr 2:1). Leah, overjoyed to have borne her fourth son, named him Judah, meaning “praise” (Gen 29:35). Judah fathered five sons: Er, Onan, and Shelah by Bathshua, a woman from Canaan (Gen 38:1-5; 1 Chr 2:3); and the twins, Perez and Zerah, by his daughter-in-law Tamar (Gen 38:27-30; 1 Chr 2:4). God killed his first two sons, Er and Onan, in Canaan for disobedience (Gen 46:12). Judah eventually settled his family in Egypt with his father and brothers (Exod 1:1-2).<\/p>\n<p>Though reckless in his behavior with Tamar (Gen 38:6-30), Judah took personal responsibility for Benjamin’s safety in Egypt and interceded with Joseph for his brothers (44:14-34). When Jacob gave his dying blessing, he granted Judah a position of leadership; the future kings of Israel would come through Judah’s offspring (see 49:10).<\/p>\n<p><strong>Passages for Further Study<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Gen 29:35; 37:26-27; 38:1-30; 43:1-10; 44:14-34; 46:28; 49:8-12; Ruth 4:12; 1 Chr 2:3-4; 5:2; Ps 108:8<\/p>","summary_ro":"Judah Judah is remembered most often as the ancestor of King David and of Jesus Christ. Despite his birth as a middle child and his sins as an adult (Gen 38), God chose Judah to carry the line of King David (1 Chr 2:1-17; 3:1-24) and of the Messiah (Gen 49:8-12; Matt 1:1-16; Luke 3:23-34). Judah was the fourth of Jacob’s twelve sons (Gen 35:23; 1 Chr 2:1). Leah, overjoyed to have borne her fourth son, named him Judah, meaning “praise” (Gen 29:35). Judah fathered five sons: Er, Onan, and Shela...","summary_en":"Judah Judah is remembered most often as the ancestor of King David and of Jesus Christ. Despite his birth as a middle child and his sins as an adult (Gen 38), God chose Judah to carry the line of King David (1 Chr 2:1-17; 3:1-24) and of the Messiah (Gen 49:8-12; Matt 1:1-16; Luke 3:23-34). Judah was the fourth of Jacob’s twelve sons (Gen 35:23; 1 Chr 2:1). Leah, overjoyed to have borne her fourth son, named him Judah, meaning “praise” (Gen 29:35). Judah fathered five sons: Er, Onan, and Shela...","source":"Profiles.xml","external_url":null,"has_map":false,"has_picture":false},{"id":68386,"type":"profile","type_label":"Profil","type_icon":"👤","type_color":"#f59e0b","title_ro":"Judah","title_en":"Judah","content_ro":"<h3>Judah<\/h3>\n<p>Judah is remembered most often as the ancestor of King David and of Jesus Christ. Despite his birth as a middle child and his sins as an adult (Gen 38), God chose Judah to carry the line of King David (1 Chr 2:1-17; 3:1-24) and of the Messiah (Gen 49:8-12; Matt 1:1-16; Luke 3:23-34).<\/p>\n<p>Judah was the fourth of Jacob’s twelve sons (Gen 35:23; 1 Chr 2:1). Leah, overjoyed to have borne her fourth son, named him Judah, meaning “praise” (Gen 29:35). Judah fathered five sons: Er, Onan, and Shelah by Bathshua, a woman from Canaan (Gen 38:1-5; 1 Chr 2:3); and the twins, Perez and Zerah, by his daughter-in-law Tamar (Gen 38:27-30; 1 Chr 2:4). God killed his first two sons, Er and Onan, in Canaan for disobedience (Gen 46:12). Judah eventually settled his family in Egypt with his father and brothers (Exod 1:1-2).<\/p>\n<p>Though reckless in his behavior with Tamar (Gen 38:6-30), Judah took personal responsibility for Benjamin’s safety in Egypt and interceded with Joseph for his brothers (44:14-34). When Jacob gave his dying blessing, he granted Judah a position of leadership; the future kings of Israel would come through Judah’s offspring (see 49:10).<\/p>\n<p><strong>Passages for Further Study<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Gen 29:35; 37:26-27; 38:1-30; 43:1-10; 44:14-34; 46:28; 49:8-12; Ruth 4:12; 1 Chr 2:3-4; 5:2; Ps 108:8<\/p>","content_en":"<h3>Judah<\/h3>\n<p>Judah is remembered most often as the ancestor of King David and of Jesus Christ. Despite his birth as a middle child and his sins as an adult (Gen 38), God chose Judah to carry the line of King David (1 Chr 2:1-17; 3:1-24) and of the Messiah (Gen 49:8-12; Matt 1:1-16; Luke 3:23-34).<\/p>\n<p>Judah was the fourth of Jacob’s twelve sons (Gen 35:23; 1 Chr 2:1). Leah, overjoyed to have borne her fourth son, named him Judah, meaning “praise” (Gen 29:35). Judah fathered five sons: Er, Onan, and Shelah by Bathshua, a woman from Canaan (Gen 38:1-5; 1 Chr 2:3); and the twins, Perez and Zerah, by his daughter-in-law Tamar (Gen 38:27-30; 1 Chr 2:4). God killed his first two sons, Er and Onan, in Canaan for disobedience (Gen 46:12). Judah eventually settled his family in Egypt with his father and brothers (Exod 1:1-2).<\/p>\n<p>Though reckless in his behavior with Tamar (Gen 38:6-30), Judah took personal responsibility for Benjamin’s safety in Egypt and interceded with Joseph for his brothers (44:14-34). When Jacob gave his dying blessing, he granted Judah a position of leadership; the future kings of Israel would come through Judah’s offspring (see 49:10).<\/p>\n<p><strong>Passages for Further Study<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Gen 29:35; 37:26-27; 38:1-30; 43:1-10; 44:14-34; 46:28; 49:8-12; Ruth 4:12; 1 Chr 2:3-4; 5:2; Ps 108:8<\/p>","summary_ro":"Judah Judah is remembered most often as the ancestor of King David and of Jesus Christ. Despite his birth as a middle child and his sins as an adult (Gen 38), God chose Judah to carry the line of King David (1 Chr 2:1-17; 3:1-24) and of the Messiah (Gen 49:8-12; Matt 1:1-16; Luke 3:23-34). Judah was the fourth of Jacob’s twelve sons (Gen 35:23; 1 Chr 2:1). Leah, overjoyed to have borne her fourth son, named him Judah, meaning “praise” (Gen 29:35). Judah fathered five sons: Er, Onan, and Shela...","summary_en":"Judah Judah is remembered most often as the ancestor of King David and of Jesus Christ. Despite his birth as a middle child and his sins as an adult (Gen 38), God chose Judah to carry the line of King David (1 Chr 2:1-17; 3:1-24) and of the Messiah (Gen 49:8-12; Matt 1:1-16; Luke 3:23-34). Judah was the fourth of Jacob’s twelve sons (Gen 35:23; 1 Chr 2:1). Leah, overjoyed to have borne her fourth son, named him Judah, meaning “praise” (Gen 29:35). Judah fathered five sons: Er, Onan, and Shela...","source":"Profiles.xml","external_url":null,"has_map":false,"has_picture":false},{"id":96012,"type":"profile","type_label":"Profil","type_icon":"👤","type_color":"#f59e0b","title_ro":"Judah","title_en":"Judah","content_ro":"<h3>Judah<\/h3>\n<p>Judah is remembered most often as the ancestor of King David and of Jesus Christ. Despite his birth as a middle child and his sins as an adult (Gen 38), God chose Judah to carry the line of King David (1 Chr 2:1-17; 3:1-24) and of the Messiah (Gen 49:8-12; Matt 1:1-16; Luke 3:23-34).<\/p>\n<p>Judah was the fourth of Jacob’s twelve sons (Gen 35:23; 1 Chr 2:1). Leah, overjoyed to have borne her fourth son, named him Judah, meaning “praise” (Gen 29:35). Judah fathered five sons: Er, Onan, and Shelah by Bathshua, a woman from Canaan (Gen 38:1-5; 1 Chr 2:3); and the twins, Perez and Zerah, by his daughter-in-law Tamar (Gen 38:27-30; 1 Chr 2:4). God killed his first two sons, Er and Onan, in Canaan for disobedience (Gen 46:12). Judah eventually settled his family in Egypt with his father and brothers (Exod 1:1-2).<\/p>\n<p>Though reckless in his behavior with Tamar (Gen 38:6-30), Judah took personal responsibility for Benjamin’s safety in Egypt and interceded with Joseph for his brothers (44:14-34). When Jacob gave his dying blessing, he granted Judah a position of leadership; the future kings of Israel would come through Judah’s offspring (see 49:10).<\/p>\n<p><strong>Passages for Further Study<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Gen 29:35; 37:26-27; 38:1-30; 43:1-10; 44:14-34; 46:28; 49:8-12; Ruth 4:12; 1 Chr 2:3-4; 5:2; Ps 108:8<\/p>","content_en":"<h3>Judah<\/h3>\n<p>Judah is remembered most often as the ancestor of King David and of Jesus Christ. Despite his birth as a middle child and his sins as an adult (Gen 38), God chose Judah to carry the line of King David (1 Chr 2:1-17; 3:1-24) and of the Messiah (Gen 49:8-12; Matt 1:1-16; Luke 3:23-34).<\/p>\n<p>Judah was the fourth of Jacob’s twelve sons (Gen 35:23; 1 Chr 2:1). Leah, overjoyed to have borne her fourth son, named him Judah, meaning “praise” (Gen 29:35). Judah fathered five sons: Er, Onan, and Shelah by Bathshua, a woman from Canaan (Gen 38:1-5; 1 Chr 2:3); and the twins, Perez and Zerah, by his daughter-in-law Tamar (Gen 38:27-30; 1 Chr 2:4). God killed his first two sons, Er and Onan, in Canaan for disobedience (Gen 46:12). Judah eventually settled his family in Egypt with his father and brothers (Exod 1:1-2).<\/p>\n<p>Though reckless in his behavior with Tamar (Gen 38:6-30), Judah took personal responsibility for Benjamin’s safety in Egypt and interceded with Joseph for his brothers (44:14-34). When Jacob gave his dying blessing, he granted Judah a position of leadership; the future kings of Israel would come through Judah’s offspring (see 49:10).<\/p>\n<p><strong>Passages for Further Study<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Gen 29:35; 37:26-27; 38:1-30; 43:1-10; 44:14-34; 46:28; 49:8-12; Ruth 4:12; 1 Chr 2:3-4; 5:2; Ps 108:8<\/p>","summary_ro":"Judah Judah is remembered most often as the ancestor of King David and of Jesus Christ. Despite his birth as a middle child and his sins as an adult (Gen 38), God chose Judah to carry the line of King David (1 Chr 2:1-17; 3:1-24) and of the Messiah (Gen 49:8-12; Matt 1:1-16; Luke 3:23-34). Judah was the fourth of Jacob’s twelve sons (Gen 35:23; 1 Chr 2:1). Leah, overjoyed to have borne her fourth son, named him Judah, meaning “praise” (Gen 29:35). Judah fathered five sons: Er, Onan, and Shela...","summary_en":"Judah Judah is remembered most often as the ancestor of King David and of Jesus Christ. Despite his birth as a middle child and his sins as an adult (Gen 38), God chose Judah to carry the line of King David (1 Chr 2:1-17; 3:1-24) and of the Messiah (Gen 49:8-12; Matt 1:1-16; Luke 3:23-34). Judah was the fourth of Jacob’s twelve sons (Gen 35:23; 1 Chr 2:1). Leah, overjoyed to have borne her fourth son, named him Judah, meaning “praise” (Gen 29:35). Judah fathered five sons: Er, Onan, and Shela...","source":"Profiles.xml","external_url":null,"has_map":false,"has_picture":false},{"id":123638,"type":"profile","type_label":"Profil","type_icon":"👤","type_color":"#f59e0b","title_ro":"Judah","title_en":"Judah","content_ro":"<h3>Judah<\/h3>\n<p>Judah is remembered most often as the ancestor of King David and of Jesus Christ. Despite his birth as a middle child and his sins as an adult (Gen 38), God chose Judah to carry the line of King David (1 Chr 2:1-17; 3:1-24) and of the Messiah (Gen 49:8-12; Matt 1:1-16; Luke 3:23-34).<\/p>\n<p>Judah was the fourth of Jacob’s twelve sons (Gen 35:23; 1 Chr 2:1). Leah, overjoyed to have borne her fourth son, named him Judah, meaning “praise” (Gen 29:35). Judah fathered five sons: Er, Onan, and Shelah by Bathshua, a woman from Canaan (Gen 38:1-5; 1 Chr 2:3); and the twins, Perez and Zerah, by his daughter-in-law Tamar (Gen 38:27-30; 1 Chr 2:4). God killed his first two sons, Er and Onan, in Canaan for disobedience (Gen 46:12). Judah eventually settled his family in Egypt with his father and brothers (Exod 1:1-2).<\/p>\n<p>Though reckless in his behavior with Tamar (Gen 38:6-30), Judah took personal responsibility for Benjamin’s safety in Egypt and interceded with Joseph for his brothers (44:14-34). When Jacob gave his dying blessing, he granted Judah a position of leadership; the future kings of Israel would come through Judah’s offspring (see 49:10).<\/p>\n<p><strong>Passages for Further Study<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Gen 29:35; 37:26-27; 38:1-30; 43:1-10; 44:14-34; 46:28; 49:8-12; Ruth 4:12; 1 Chr 2:3-4; 5:2; Ps 108:8<\/p>","content_en":"<h3>Judah<\/h3>\n<p>Judah is remembered most often as the ancestor of King David and of Jesus Christ. Despite his birth as a middle child and his sins as an adult (Gen 38), God chose Judah to carry the line of King David (1 Chr 2:1-17; 3:1-24) and of the Messiah (Gen 49:8-12; Matt 1:1-16; Luke 3:23-34).<\/p>\n<p>Judah was the fourth of Jacob’s twelve sons (Gen 35:23; 1 Chr 2:1). Leah, overjoyed to have borne her fourth son, named him Judah, meaning “praise” (Gen 29:35). Judah fathered five sons: Er, Onan, and Shelah by Bathshua, a woman from Canaan (Gen 38:1-5; 1 Chr 2:3); and the twins, Perez and Zerah, by his daughter-in-law Tamar (Gen 38:27-30; 1 Chr 2:4). God killed his first two sons, Er and Onan, in Canaan for disobedience (Gen 46:12). Judah eventually settled his family in Egypt with his father and brothers (Exod 1:1-2).<\/p>\n<p>Though reckless in his behavior with Tamar (Gen 38:6-30), Judah took personal responsibility for Benjamin’s safety in Egypt and interceded with Joseph for his brothers (44:14-34). When Jacob gave his dying blessing, he granted Judah a position of leadership; the future kings of Israel would come through Judah’s offspring (see 49:10).<\/p>\n<p><strong>Passages for Further Study<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Gen 29:35; 37:26-27; 38:1-30; 43:1-10; 44:14-34; 46:28; 49:8-12; Ruth 4:12; 1 Chr 2:3-4; 5:2; Ps 108:8<\/p>","summary_ro":"Judah Judah is remembered most often as the ancestor of King David and of Jesus Christ. Despite his birth as a middle child and his sins as an adult (Gen 38), God chose Judah to carry the line of King David (1 Chr 2:1-17; 3:1-24) and of the Messiah (Gen 49:8-12; Matt 1:1-16; Luke 3:23-34). Judah was the fourth of Jacob’s twelve sons (Gen 35:23; 1 Chr 2:1). Leah, overjoyed to have borne her fourth son, named him Judah, meaning “praise” (Gen 29:35). Judah fathered five sons: Er, Onan, and Shela...","summary_en":"Judah Judah is remembered most often as the ancestor of King David and of Jesus Christ. Despite his birth as a middle child and his sins as an adult (Gen 38), God chose Judah to carry the line of King David (1 Chr 2:1-17; 3:1-24) and of the Messiah (Gen 49:8-12; Matt 1:1-16; Luke 3:23-34). Judah was the fourth of Jacob’s twelve sons (Gen 35:23; 1 Chr 2:1). Leah, overjoyed to have borne her fourth son, named him Judah, meaning “praise” (Gen 29:35). Judah fathered five sons: Er, Onan, and Shela...","source":"Profiles.xml","external_url":null,"has_map":false,"has_picture":false},{"id":13428,"type":"article","type_label":"Articol","type_icon":"📖","type_color":"#d4af37","title_ro":"Genealogy","title_en":"Genealogy","content_ro":"<h3>GENEALOGY<\/h3>\n<p>Record or study of descent involving a tracing backward or forward of the ancestry of a nation, tribe, family, or individual. The Hebrews were not the only people in the ancient world to take an interest in maintaining genealogical records. The Sumerian king list of the third millennium <span>BC<\/span> contains records of the early rulers of Mesopotamia. In Babylonian records the word “son” was frequently used in the sense of “descendant of.” King Tirhakah of Egypt (c. 685 <span>BC<\/span>) referred to his “father,” Sesostris III, who lived some 1,200 years before him. Greeks and Romans also kept genealogical records. However, the biblical genealogies, especially those in Genesis and 1 Chronicles 1–9, are unique in the literature of the ancient Near East. Only at the beginning of the Islamic age are such broad genealogical records found. Even today among tribal Semites, such as Arab nomads, there is an intense interest in genealogy, and it is not unusual for an Arab to be able to recite accurately the names of his ancestors for 10 or 15 generations back, covering a period of several hundred years.<\/p>\n<p class=\"h2\" id=\"TermsUsed\">Terms Used<\/p>\n<p>The word “genealogy” occurs only once as a noun in the Hebrew OT (Neh 7:5), where it refers to a register of those who returned to Jerusalem with Zerubbabel at the end of the exile. The verbal form of the same word is found a total of 20 times in 1—2 Chronicles, Ezra, and Nehemiah. The terms “generations” and “book of the generations,” used in Genesis and elsewhere in the OT, convey the same idea. The equivalent NT terms are found in 1 Timothy 1:4 and Titus 3:9 (“genealogies”) and Matthew 1:1, which refers to the “book of the genealogy” of Jesus Christ.<\/p>\n<p class=\"h2\" id=\"PurposeofGenealogicalRecords\">Purpose of Genealogical Records<\/p>\n<p>The keeping of genealogical records in ancient Israel was an important activity and served a number of useful purposes. God’s promise of a land to Abraham and his descendants made such records necessary to establish and preserve the allotment of the land; a genealogical record served as evidence of a legitimate title to the ancestral property. Genealogies were essential for the preservation of the exclusive priesthood that had been established by the Mosaic law. In the time of Josephus every priest was supposed to be able to prove his descent.<\/p>\n<p>One of the most important reasons for keeping genealogical records was to establish and maintain the right of royal succession in Judah through the family of David. The belief that the Messiah would come from the Davidic house made such records even more important.<\/p>\n<p>Other purposes served by these family records included the imposition of military duty according to families (Nm 1:2-3). Position in camp and on the march from Egypt was determined by tribes and families (2:2, 17; 10:11-28). Also, God’s blessings were passed from one member of the family to his descendants (Gn 27). The stress placed on the purity of the congregation (Dt 7:1-4; 23:1-8) required complete family records, particularly in the postexilic period. With the insistence of Ezra and Nehemiah upon racial purity, and with the purging of foreign elements from among the people (Ezr 2:59-63; 10:9-44; Neh 13:23-28), written evidence of purity of descent became essential; interest in the compilation of genealogies became intense after the exile.<\/p>\n<p>Lineage was ordinarily traced through the male members of the family, with females being mentioned only rarely (e.g., Gn 11:29, Sarah and Milcah; 22:23, Rebekah; and Nm 26:33–27:11, where the property inheritance of the daughters of Zelophehad was involved). Matthew mentions three women: Tamar, Rahab, and Ruth; and in the second group alludes to Bathsheba (see discussion below).<\/p>\n<p class=\"h2\" id=\"PrincipalGenealogicalListsintheBible\">Principal Genealogical Lists in the Bible<\/p>\n<p>The principal sources of genealogical material in the OT are found in Genesis, Numbers, 2 Samuel, 1 Kings, 1—2 Chronicles (which contain the greatest amount of genealogical material in the Bible), Ezra, and Nehemiah. The genealogies of Jesus Christ in Matthew 1 and Luke 3 are the only NT records. Together they contain a genealogical record from Adam to Christ.<\/p>\n<p>Grouped together by historical periods, the following are the principal genealogical lists found in the Bible:<\/p>\n<h5>Before the Flood<\/h5>\n<p>Three lists are from this period. The first, found in Genesis 4:17-22, traces the descendants of Cain through seven generations and explains the hereditary origin of certain occupations and crafts. The second, Genesis 4:25-26, begins the account of the descendants of Seth, the posterity of Adam whose faithfulness to God is contrasted with the ungodly posterity of Cain. The third list, Genesis 5:1-32 (cf. 1 Chr 1:1-4), traces the descendants of Adam through Seth down to Noah and his sons at the time of the Flood.<\/p>\n<h5>From Noah to Abraham<\/h5>\n<p>Genesis 10:1-32 (cf. 1 Chr 1:4-23), frequently called the “table of nations,” contains a list of the nations descended from the sons of Noah (Shem, Ham, and Japheth). Genesis 11:10-26 (cf. 1 Chr 1:24-27) traces the descendants of Shem to the time of Abraham, and Genesis 11:27-30 (see also Gn 22:20-24) lists the descendants of Nahor, Abraham’s brother.<\/p>\n<h5>From Abraham to the Descent into Egypt<\/h5>\n<p>The descendants of Abraham by Hagar, Sarah, and Keturah are found in Genesis 16:15, 21:1-3, and 25:1-4 (introducing the Arabs as descendants of Abraham; cf. 1 Chr 1:28-34). Genesis 19:37-38 links the Moabites and Ammonites to Abraham through his nephew Lot. A very important genealogical list during this period is that of the descendants of Jacob, giving the account of the parentage, birth, and naming of the founders of the 12 tribes of Israel (Gn 29:31–30:24; 35:16-26). Esau is acknowledged as the ancestor of the Edomites; his Edomite descendants are traced through his three wives (Gn 26:34; 36:1-43; 1 Chr 1:35-54). The list of Jacob’s family at the time he entered Egypt, numbering 70, is found in Genesis 46:1-27 (cf. Ex 6:14-16; Nm 26:1-51; 1 Chr 2–8). A partial list of the heads of the fathers’ houses of Reuben, Simeon, and Levi is found in Exodus 6:14-25; the chief purpose of this genealogy is to establish Aaron and Moses as members of Levi’s tribe.<\/p>\n<h5>From the Exodus to the Conquest of Canaan<\/h5>\n<p>While the tribes were still in the desert after leaving Egypt, a census was taken to determine the total number of Israelites (Nm 1:4-54; 2:2-33). During this same period, a genealogy of the family of Aaron was compiled, and a separate census was taken of the Levites (3:1-39). A list of the 12 spies who searched out the land and the tribes they represented is given in Numbers 13:4-16; the most important names on this list are Caleb and Joshua. Near the end of the wilderness wanderings, another census of the people was ordered; the total number was approximately the same as that of the first census almost 40 years earlier (26:4-51, 57-62). As the tribes neared the Promised Land, a list was prepared of the tribal representatives who would take part in the division of the land (34:16-29).<\/p>\n<h5>Period of the Kings<\/h5>\n<p>During the entire period of the monarchy, over 400 years, the only genealogical records of any consequence are those that pertain to David. His descendants are traced through 20 rulers who sat upon the throne of Judah until the nation fell to the Babylonians in 586 <span>BC<\/span> (1—2 Kgs; cf. 1 Chr 11:1—2 Chr 36:21). A list of David’s children is found in 2 Samuel 3:2-5 and 5:14-16 (cf. 1 Chr 3:1-9; 14:4-7). His mighty men, an elite group of soldiers, are named in 2 Samuel 23:8-39 (cf. 1 Chr 11:10-47). His recruits at Ziklag are recorded in 1 Chronicles 12:1-22. Those who were his musicians and doorkeepers when the ark was brought to Jerusalem are named in 1 Chronicles 15:1-24 (cf. 1 Chr 16:5-6, 37-43). David’s political and religious organization of the kingdom—including the Levites, priests, singers, porters and other administrative officials, and military officers—is found in 1 Chronicles 23–27. In spite of the literary activity associated with the reign of Solomon, the only genealogical record preserved from this period is that of Solomon’s princes and 12 officers (1 Kgs 4:1-19). The genealogy of one prophet is traced back four generations (Zep 1:1).<\/p>\n<h5>The Postexilic Period<\/h5>\n<p>During the postexilic period, the keeping of genealogical records probably received its greatest impetus through the activity of Ezra and Nehemiah, primarily because of their insistence upon racial purity and the purging of foreign elements from the community. A list of the exiles who returned with Zerubbabel is found in Ezra 2:1-70 (cf. Neh 7:6-73, where the same list is found). A list of those who returned with Ezra is included in 8:1-20. Ezra’s own genealogy is also recorded (Ezr 7:5). There is a list of the Jews who married foreign women that included priests, Levites, singers, porters, and other Israelites (Ezr 10:18-44). Nehemiah 8:4-7 names the Levites and others who assisted Ezra when he read the law publicly. Nehemiah also contains a list of those who participated in the ceremony of sealing the covenant (Neh 10:1-27) and a list of those who lived in Jerusalem and other cities (11:3-36). His interest in the priesthood is reflected in the list of priests and Levites who returned with Zerubbabel (12:1-9), of the high priests from Jeshua to Jaddua (vv 10-11), of the heads of the priestly families (vv 12-21), of the Levites and porters who served under the high priest (vv 22-26), and of the princes and priests who were present at the dedication of the rebuilt wall of Jerusalem (vv 31-42).<\/p>\n<p>The final genealogical record that must be mentioned is the genealogy from Adam to Saul (1 Chr 1–8), the longest section of genealogical material in the Bible. It is properly included with the genealogies compiled during the postexilic period, as the unknown chronicler (some think he was Ezra) prepared this list around 400 <span>BC<\/span> from extant records and documents available to him. His purpose seems to have been to conserve the purity of blood in the restored nation and to insist that the nation’s well-being depended on its faithfulness to God’s law.<\/p>\n<h5>The New Testament Period<\/h5>\n<p>The only genealogies of consequence in the NT are those concerning Jesus Christ in Matthew 1:1-17 and Luke 3:23-38. <em>See<\/em> Genealogy of Jesus Christ.<\/p>","content_en":"<h3>GENEALOGY<\/h3>\n<p>Record or study of descent involving a tracing backward or forward of the ancestry of a nation, tribe, family, or individual. The Hebrews were not the only people in the ancient world to take an interest in maintaining genealogical records. The Sumerian king list of the third millennium <span>BC<\/span> contains records of the early rulers of Mesopotamia. In Babylonian records the word “son” was frequently used in the sense of “descendant of.” King Tirhakah of Egypt (c. 685 <span>BC<\/span>) referred to his “father,” Sesostris III, who lived some 1,200 years before him. Greeks and Romans also kept genealogical records. However, the biblical genealogies, especially those in Genesis and 1 Chronicles 1–9, are unique in the literature of the ancient Near East. Only at the beginning of the Islamic age are such broad genealogical records found. Even today among tribal Semites, such as Arab nomads, there is an intense interest in genealogy, and it is not unusual for an Arab to be able to recite accurately the names of his ancestors for 10 or 15 generations back, covering a period of several hundred years.<\/p>\n<p class=\"h2\" id=\"TermsUsed\">Terms Used<\/p>\n<p>The word “genealogy” occurs only once as a noun in the Hebrew OT (Neh 7:5), where it refers to a register of those who returned to Jerusalem with Zerubbabel at the end of the exile. The verbal form of the same word is found a total of 20 times in 1—2 Chronicles, Ezra, and Nehemiah. The terms “generations” and “book of the generations,” used in Genesis and elsewhere in the OT, convey the same idea. The equivalent NT terms are found in 1 Timothy 1:4 and Titus 3:9 (“genealogies”) and Matthew 1:1, which refers to the “book of the genealogy” of Jesus Christ.<\/p>\n<p class=\"h2\" id=\"PurposeofGenealogicalRecords\">Purpose of Genealogical Records<\/p>\n<p>The keeping of genealogical records in ancient Israel was an important activity and served a number of useful purposes. God’s promise of a land to Abraham and his descendants made such records necessary to establish and preserve the allotment of the land; a genealogical record served as evidence of a legitimate title to the ancestral property. Genealogies were essential for the preservation of the exclusive priesthood that had been established by the Mosaic law. In the time of Josephus every priest was supposed to be able to prove his descent.<\/p>\n<p>One of the most important reasons for keeping genealogical records was to establish and maintain the right of royal succession in Judah through the family of David. The belief that the Messiah would come from the Davidic house made such records even more important.<\/p>\n<p>Other purposes served by these family records included the imposition of military duty according to families (Nm 1:2-3). Position in camp and on the march from Egypt was determined by tribes and families (2:2, 17; 10:11-28). Also, God’s blessings were passed from one member of the family to his descendants (Gn 27). The stress placed on the purity of the congregation (Dt 7:1-4; 23:1-8) required complete family records, particularly in the postexilic period. With the insistence of Ezra and Nehemiah upon racial purity, and with the purging of foreign elements from among the people (Ezr 2:59-63; 10:9-44; Neh 13:23-28), written evidence of purity of descent became essential; interest in the compilation of genealogies became intense after the exile.<\/p>\n<p>Lineage was ordinarily traced through the male members of the family, with females being mentioned only rarely (e.g., Gn 11:29, Sarah and Milcah; 22:23, Rebekah; and Nm 26:33–27:11, where the property inheritance of the daughters of Zelophehad was involved). Matthew mentions three women: Tamar, Rahab, and Ruth; and in the second group alludes to Bathsheba (see discussion below).<\/p>\n<p class=\"h2\" id=\"PrincipalGenealogicalListsintheBible\">Principal Genealogical Lists in the Bible<\/p>\n<p>The principal sources of genealogical material in the OT are found in Genesis, Numbers, 2 Samuel, 1 Kings, 1—2 Chronicles (which contain the greatest amount of genealogical material in the Bible), Ezra, and Nehemiah. The genealogies of Jesus Christ in Matthew 1 and Luke 3 are the only NT records. Together they contain a genealogical record from Adam to Christ.<\/p>\n<p>Grouped together by historical periods, the following are the principal genealogical lists found in the Bible:<\/p>\n<h5>Before the Flood<\/h5>\n<p>Three lists are from this period. The first, found in Genesis 4:17-22, traces the descendants of Cain through seven generations and explains the hereditary origin of certain occupations and crafts. The second, Genesis 4:25-26, begins the account of the descendants of Seth, the posterity of Adam whose faithfulness to God is contrasted with the ungodly posterity of Cain. The third list, Genesis 5:1-32 (cf. 1 Chr 1:1-4), traces the descendants of Adam through Seth down to Noah and his sons at the time of the Flood.<\/p>\n<h5>From Noah to Abraham<\/h5>\n<p>Genesis 10:1-32 (cf. 1 Chr 1:4-23), frequently called the “table of nations,” contains a list of the nations descended from the sons of Noah (Shem, Ham, and Japheth). Genesis 11:10-26 (cf. 1 Chr 1:24-27) traces the descendants of Shem to the time of Abraham, and Genesis 11:27-30 (see also Gn 22:20-24) lists the descendants of Nahor, Abraham’s brother.<\/p>\n<h5>From Abraham to the Descent into Egypt<\/h5>\n<p>The descendants of Abraham by Hagar, Sarah, and Keturah are found in Genesis 16:15, 21:1-3, and 25:1-4 (introducing the Arabs as descendants of Abraham; cf. 1 Chr 1:28-34). Genesis 19:37-38 links the Moabites and Ammonites to Abraham through his nephew Lot. A very important genealogical list during this period is that of the descendants of Jacob, giving the account of the parentage, birth, and naming of the founders of the 12 tribes of Israel (Gn 29:31–30:24; 35:16-26). Esau is acknowledged as the ancestor of the Edomites; his Edomite descendants are traced through his three wives (Gn 26:34; 36:1-43; 1 Chr 1:35-54). The list of Jacob’s family at the time he entered Egypt, numbering 70, is found in Genesis 46:1-27 (cf. Ex 6:14-16; Nm 26:1-51; 1 Chr 2–8). A partial list of the heads of the fathers’ houses of Reuben, Simeon, and Levi is found in Exodus 6:14-25; the chief purpose of this genealogy is to establish Aaron and Moses as members of Levi’s tribe.<\/p>\n<h5>From the Exodus to the Conquest of Canaan<\/h5>\n<p>While the tribes were still in the desert after leaving Egypt, a census was taken to determine the total number of Israelites (Nm 1:4-54; 2:2-33). During this same period, a genealogy of the family of Aaron was compiled, and a separate census was taken of the Levites (3:1-39). A list of the 12 spies who searched out the land and the tribes they represented is given in Numbers 13:4-16; the most important names on this list are Caleb and Joshua. Near the end of the wilderness wanderings, another census of the people was ordered; the total number was approximately the same as that of the first census almost 40 years earlier (26:4-51, 57-62). As the tribes neared the Promised Land, a list was prepared of the tribal representatives who would take part in the division of the land (34:16-29).<\/p>\n<h5>Period of the Kings<\/h5>\n<p>During the entire period of the monarchy, over 400 years, the only genealogical records of any consequence are those that pertain to David. His descendants are traced through 20 rulers who sat upon the throne of Judah until the nation fell to the Babylonians in 586 <span>BC<\/span> (1—2 Kgs; cf. 1 Chr 11:1—2 Chr 36:21). A list of David’s children is found in 2 Samuel 3:2-5 and 5:14-16 (cf. 1 Chr 3:1-9; 14:4-7). His mighty men, an elite group of soldiers, are named in 2 Samuel 23:8-39 (cf. 1 Chr 11:10-47). His recruits at Ziklag are recorded in 1 Chronicles 12:1-22. Those who were his musicians and doorkeepers when the ark was brought to Jerusalem are named in 1 Chronicles 15:1-24 (cf. 1 Chr 16:5-6, 37-43). David’s political and religious organization of the kingdom—including the Levites, priests, singers, porters and other administrative officials, and military officers—is found in 1 Chronicles 23–27. In spite of the literary activity associated with the reign of Solomon, the only genealogical record preserved from this period is that of Solomon’s princes and 12 officers (1 Kgs 4:1-19). The genealogy of one prophet is traced back four generations (Zep 1:1).<\/p>\n<h5>The Postexilic Period<\/h5>\n<p>During the postexilic period, the keeping of genealogical records probably received its greatest impetus through the activity of Ezra and Nehemiah, primarily because of their insistence upon racial purity and the purging of foreign elements from the community. A list of the exiles who returned with Zerubbabel is found in Ezra 2:1-70 (cf. Neh 7:6-73, where the same list is found). A list of those who returned with Ezra is included in 8:1-20. Ezra’s own genealogy is also recorded (Ezr 7:5). There is a list of the Jews who married foreign women that included priests, Levites, singers, porters, and other Israelites (Ezr 10:18-44). Nehemiah 8:4-7 names the Levites and others who assisted Ezra when he read the law publicly. Nehemiah also contains a list of those who participated in the ceremony of sealing the covenant (Neh 10:1-27) and a list of those who lived in Jerusalem and other cities (11:3-36). His interest in the priesthood is reflected in the list of priests and Levites who returned with Zerubbabel (12:1-9), of the high priests from Jeshua to Jaddua (vv 10-11), of the heads of the priestly families (vv 12-21), of the Levites and porters who served under the high priest (vv 22-26), and of the princes and priests who were present at the dedication of the rebuilt wall of Jerusalem (vv 31-42).<\/p>\n<p>The final genealogical record that must be mentioned is the genealogy from Adam to Saul (1 Chr 1–8), the longest section of genealogical material in the Bible. It is properly included with the genealogies compiled during the postexilic period, as the unknown chronicler (some think he was Ezra) prepared this list around 400 <span>BC<\/span> from extant records and documents available to him. His purpose seems to have been to conserve the purity of blood in the restored nation and to insist that the nation’s well-being depended on its faithfulness to God’s law.<\/p>\n<h5>The New Testament Period<\/h5>\n<p>The only genealogies of consequence in the NT are those concerning Jesus Christ in Matthew 1:1-17 and Luke 3:23-38. <em>See<\/em> Genealogy of Jesus Christ.<\/p>","summary_ro":"GENEALOGY Record or study of descent involving a tracing backward or forward of the ancestry of a nation, tribe, family, or individual. The Hebrews were not the only people in the ancient world to take an interest in maintaining genealogical records. The Sumerian king list of the third millennium BC contains records of the early rulers of Mesopotamia. In Babylonian records the word “son” was frequently used in the sense of “descendant of.” King Tirhakah of Egypt (c. 685 BC) referred to his “f...","summary_en":"GENEALOGY Record or study of descent involving a tracing backward or forward of the ancestry of a nation, tribe, family, or individual. The Hebrews were not the only people in the ancient world to take an interest in maintaining genealogical records. The Sumerian king list of the third millennium BC contains records of the early rulers of Mesopotamia. In Babylonian records the word “son” was frequently used in the sense of “descendant of.” King Tirhakah of Egypt (c. 685 BC) referred to his “f...","source":"Articles\/G.xml","external_url":null,"has_map":false,"has_picture":false},{"id":20992,"type":"article","type_label":"Articol","type_icon":"📖","type_color":"#d4af37","title_ro":"Judah (Person)","title_en":"Judah (Person)","content_ro":"<h3>JUDAH (P<span>erson<\/span>)<\/h3>\n<li>1. Fourth of Jacob’s 12 sons (Gn 35:23; 1 Chr 2:1) and the fourth son born to Jacob by Leah, who, overjoyed with the thought of bearing Jacob another son, named him Judah, meaning “praise” (Gn 29:35). Judah fathered five sons: Er, Onan, and Shelah by Bathshua the Canaanitess (Gn 38:3-5; 1 Chr 2:3); and the twins Perez and Zerah by Tamar, his daughter-in-law (Gn 38:29-30; 1 Chr 2:4). He eventually settled his family in Egypt with his father and brothers (Ex 1:2), although his first two sons, Er and Onan, were divinely killed in Canaan for their disobedience (Gn 46:12). Judah became the founder of one of Israel’s 12 tribes (Nm 1:26-27).<\/li>\n<p>Though reckless in his behavior with Tamar (Gn 38:6-30), Judah showed firm resolve in taking personal responsibility for Benjamin’s safety in Egypt and acting as intercessor for his brothers before Joseph (44:14-18). At the time of Jacob’s blessing, Judah was granted the birthright privileges of the firstborn; the leadership of Jacob’s family would come through Judah’s seed, as would the promised Messiah of Abraham’s covenant (49:8-12). Later, Judah’s family was praised at the time of Ruth’s engagement to Boaz (Ru 4:12), and both the Davidic lines of kings (1 Chr 2:1-15; 3:1-24) and Jesus Christ’s ancestors traced their descent from Judah (Mt 1:2-3; Lk 3:33).<\/p>\n<p><em>See also<\/em> Genealogy of Jesus Christ; Judah, Tribe of.<\/p>\n<li>2. Forefather of a family of Levites who assisted Jeshua, the high priest, with rebuilding the temple during the postexilic era (Ezr 3:9, <span>nlt<\/span> mg). He is alternately called Hodaviah in Ezra 2:40 and Hodevah in Nehemiah 7:43. <em>See<\/em> Hodaviah #4.<\/li>\n<li>3. One of the Levites who was encouraged by Ezra to divorce his foreign wife (Ezr 10:23).<\/li>\n<li>4. Benjamite, son of Hassenuah, who was second in command over the city of Jerusalem during the days of Nehemiah (Neh 11:9).<\/li>\n<li>5. One of the leaders of the Levites who returned with Zerubbabel and Jeshua to Judah after the exile (Neh 12:8).<\/li>\n<li>6. One of the princes of Judah who participated in the dedication of the Jerusalem wall during the postexilic period (Neh 12:34).<\/li>\n<li>7. One of the priests who played a musical instrument at the dedication of the Jerusalem wall during the days of Nehemiah (Neh 12:36). He is perhaps identical with #5 above.<\/li>\n<li>8. Joseph’s son, father of Simeon and an ancestor of Jesus Christ (Lk 3:30). <em>See<\/em> Genealogy of Jesus Christ.<\/li>","content_en":"<h3>JUDAH (P<span>erson<\/span>)<\/h3>\n<li>1. Fourth of Jacob’s 12 sons (Gn 35:23; 1 Chr 2:1) and the fourth son born to Jacob by Leah, who, overjoyed with the thought of bearing Jacob another son, named him Judah, meaning “praise” (Gn 29:35). Judah fathered five sons: Er, Onan, and Shelah by Bathshua the Canaanitess (Gn 38:3-5; 1 Chr 2:3); and the twins Perez and Zerah by Tamar, his daughter-in-law (Gn 38:29-30; 1 Chr 2:4). He eventually settled his family in Egypt with his father and brothers (Ex 1:2), although his first two sons, Er and Onan, were divinely killed in Canaan for their disobedience (Gn 46:12). Judah became the founder of one of Israel’s 12 tribes (Nm 1:26-27).<\/li>\n<p>Though reckless in his behavior with Tamar (Gn 38:6-30), Judah showed firm resolve in taking personal responsibility for Benjamin’s safety in Egypt and acting as intercessor for his brothers before Joseph (44:14-18). At the time of Jacob’s blessing, Judah was granted the birthright privileges of the firstborn; the leadership of Jacob’s family would come through Judah’s seed, as would the promised Messiah of Abraham’s covenant (49:8-12). Later, Judah’s family was praised at the time of Ruth’s engagement to Boaz (Ru 4:12), and both the Davidic lines of kings (1 Chr 2:1-15; 3:1-24) and Jesus Christ’s ancestors traced their descent from Judah (Mt 1:2-3; Lk 3:33).<\/p>\n<p><em>See also<\/em> Genealogy of Jesus Christ; Judah, Tribe of.<\/p>\n<li>2. Forefather of a family of Levites who assisted Jeshua, the high priest, with rebuilding the temple during the postexilic era (Ezr 3:9, <span>nlt<\/span> mg). He is alternately called Hodaviah in Ezra 2:40 and Hodevah in Nehemiah 7:43. <em>See<\/em> Hodaviah #4.<\/li>\n<li>3. One of the Levites who was encouraged by Ezra to divorce his foreign wife (Ezr 10:23).<\/li>\n<li>4. Benjamite, son of Hassenuah, who was second in command over the city of Jerusalem during the days of Nehemiah (Neh 11:9).<\/li>\n<li>5. One of the leaders of the Levites who returned with Zerubbabel and Jeshua to Judah after the exile (Neh 12:8).<\/li>\n<li>6. One of the princes of Judah who participated in the dedication of the Jerusalem wall during the postexilic period (Neh 12:34).<\/li>\n<li>7. One of the priests who played a musical instrument at the dedication of the Jerusalem wall during the days of Nehemiah (Neh 12:36). He is perhaps identical with #5 above.<\/li>\n<li>8. Joseph’s son, father of Simeon and an ancestor of Jesus Christ (Lk 3:30). <em>See<\/em> Genealogy of Jesus Christ.<\/li>","summary_ro":"JUDAH (Person) 1. Fourth of Jacob’s 12 sons (Gn 35:23; 1 Chr 2:1) and the fourth son born to Jacob by Leah, who, overjoyed with the thought of bearing Jacob another son, named him Judah, meaning “praise” (Gn 29:35). Judah fathered five sons: Er, Onan, and Shelah by Bathshua the Canaanitess (Gn 38:3-5; 1 Chr 2:3); and the twins Perez and Zerah by Tamar, his daughter-in-law (Gn 38:29-30; 1 Chr 2:4). He eventually settled his family in Egypt with his father and brothers (Ex 1:2), although his fi...","summary_en":"JUDAH (Person) 1. Fourth of Jacob’s 12 sons (Gn 35:23; 1 Chr 2:1) and the fourth son born to Jacob by Leah, who, overjoyed with the thought of bearing Jacob another son, named him Judah, meaning “praise” (Gn 29:35). Judah fathered five sons: Er, Onan, and Shelah by Bathshua the Canaanitess (Gn 38:3-5; 1 Chr 2:3); and the twins Perez and Zerah by Tamar, his daughter-in-law (Gn 38:29-30; 1 Chr 2:4). He eventually settled his family in Egypt with his father and brothers (Ex 1:2), although his fi...","source":"Articles\/J.xml","external_url":null,"has_map":false,"has_picture":false},{"id":35403,"type":"article","type_label":"Articol","type_icon":"📖","type_color":"#d4af37","title_ro":"Simeon (Person)","title_en":"Simeon (Person)","content_ro":"<h3>SIMEON (P<span>erson<\/span>)<\/h3>\n<li>1. Second of the 12 sons of Jacob (Gn 35:23; 1 Chr 2:1) and the second son borne to him by Leah (Gn 29:33). Simeon fathered six sons (Ex 6:15) and settled his family in Egypt with Jacob and his brothers (1:2). He was the founder of the Simeonites (Nm 26:12-14) and one of the 12 tribes of Israel (1:23). He is remembered most for his vengeance on the men of Shechem because of Dinah’s rape (Gn 34:25).<\/li>\n<p><em>See also<\/em> Simeon, Tribe of.<\/p>\n<li>2. Pious Jew living in Jerusalem who was assured that he would not die before he saw the promised Messiah. Led by the Holy Spirit to the temple, Simeon met Mary and Joseph there, held Jesus in his arms, and prophesied about the Messiah’s coming mission (Lk 2:25-35).<\/li>\n<li>3. Ancestor of Jesus in Luke’s genealogy (Lk 3:30). <em>See<\/em> Genealogy of Jesus Christ.<\/li>\n<li>4. One of five prophets and teachers mentioned in Acts 13:1 who was serving in the church of Antioch. Simeon was surnamed Niger and was perhaps from Africa. Symeon is a better reading of the Greek in this text.<\/li>\n<li>5. Reference to Simon Peter in Acts 15:14. <em>See<\/em> Peter, The Apostle.<\/li>","content_en":"<h3>SIMEON (P<span>erson<\/span>)<\/h3>\n<li>1. Second of the 12 sons of Jacob (Gn 35:23; 1 Chr 2:1) and the second son borne to him by Leah (Gn 29:33). Simeon fathered six sons (Ex 6:15) and settled his family in Egypt with Jacob and his brothers (1:2). He was the founder of the Simeonites (Nm 26:12-14) and one of the 12 tribes of Israel (1:23). He is remembered most for his vengeance on the men of Shechem because of Dinah’s rape (Gn 34:25).<\/li>\n<p><em>See also<\/em> Simeon, Tribe of.<\/p>\n<li>2. Pious Jew living in Jerusalem who was assured that he would not die before he saw the promised Messiah. Led by the Holy Spirit to the temple, Simeon met Mary and Joseph there, held Jesus in his arms, and prophesied about the Messiah’s coming mission (Lk 2:25-35).<\/li>\n<li>3. Ancestor of Jesus in Luke’s genealogy (Lk 3:30). <em>See<\/em> Genealogy of Jesus Christ.<\/li>\n<li>4. One of five prophets and teachers mentioned in Acts 13:1 who was serving in the church of Antioch. Simeon was surnamed Niger and was perhaps from Africa. Symeon is a better reading of the Greek in this text.<\/li>\n<li>5. Reference to Simon Peter in Acts 15:14. <em>See<\/em> Peter, The Apostle.<\/li>","summary_ro":"SIMEON (Person) 1. Second of the 12 sons of Jacob (Gn 35:23; 1 Chr 2:1) and the second son borne to him by Leah (Gn 29:33). Simeon fathered six sons (Ex 6:15) and settled his family in Egypt with Jacob and his brothers (1:2). He was the founder of the Simeonites (Nm 26:12-14) and one of the 12 tribes of Israel (1:23). He is remembered most for his vengeance on the men of Shechem because of Dinah’s rape (Gn 34:25). See also Simeon, Tribe of. 2. Pious Jew living in Jerusalem who was assured tha...","summary_en":"SIMEON (Person) 1. Second of the 12 sons of Jacob (Gn 35:23; 1 Chr 2:1) and the second son borne to him by Leah (Gn 29:33). Simeon fathered six sons (Ex 6:15) and settled his family in Egypt with Jacob and his brothers (1:2). He was the founder of the Simeonites (Nm 26:12-14) and one of the 12 tribes of Israel (1:23). He is remembered most for his vengeance on the men of Shechem because of Dinah’s rape (Gn 34:25). See also Simeon, Tribe of. 2. Pious Jew living in Jerusalem who was assured tha...","source":"Articles\/S.xml","external_url":null,"has_map":false,"has_picture":false},{"id":38990,"type":"article","type_label":"Articol","type_icon":"📖","type_color":"#d4af37","title_ro":"Zebulun (Person)","title_en":"Zebulun (Person)","content_ro":"<h3>ZEBULUN (P<span>erson<\/span>)<\/h3>\n<p>One of Jacob’s 12 sons (Gn 35:23; 1 Chr 2:1). He was the sixth and last son borne to Jacob by Leah, who named the boy Zebulun, meaning “abode, dwelling,” for she said, “Now my husband will <em>dwell with<\/em> me, because I have borne him six sons” (Gn 30:20, <span>nasb<\/span>, emphasis added). Later, he settled his family in Egypt with Jacob and his brothers (Ex 1:3). Jacob foretold that Zebulun’s descendants would become a maritime people with their border touching Sidon (Gn 49:13). Though Zebulun’s tribe was separated from the Mediterranean by Asher’s tribe and from the Sea of Galilee by Naphtali, it prospered greatly in trade with the Canaanite cities of the coastal plains. Zebulun fathered three sons (Gn 46:14) and founded one of Israel’s 12 tribes (Nm 1:30-31).<\/p>\n<p><em>See also<\/em> Zebulun, Tribe of.<\/p>","content_en":"<h3>ZEBULUN (P<span>erson<\/span>)<\/h3>\n<p>One of Jacob’s 12 sons (Gn 35:23; 1 Chr 2:1). He was the sixth and last son borne to Jacob by Leah, who named the boy Zebulun, meaning “abode, dwelling,” for she said, “Now my husband will <em>dwell with<\/em> me, because I have borne him six sons” (Gn 30:20, <span>nasb<\/span>, emphasis added). Later, he settled his family in Egypt with Jacob and his brothers (Ex 1:3). Jacob foretold that Zebulun’s descendants would become a maritime people with their border touching Sidon (Gn 49:13). Though Zebulun’s tribe was separated from the Mediterranean by Asher’s tribe and from the Sea of Galilee by Naphtali, it prospered greatly in trade with the Canaanite cities of the coastal plains. Zebulun fathered three sons (Gn 46:14) and founded one of Israel’s 12 tribes (Nm 1:30-31).<\/p>\n<p><em>See also<\/em> Zebulun, Tribe of.<\/p>","summary_ro":"ZEBULUN (Person) One of Jacob’s 12 sons (Gn 35:23; 1 Chr 2:1). He was the sixth and last son borne to Jacob by Leah, who named the boy Zebulun, meaning “abode, dwelling,” for she said, “Now my husband will dwell with me, because I have borne him six sons” (Gn 30:20, nasb, emphasis added). Later, he settled his family in Egypt with Jacob and his brothers (Ex 1:3). Jacob foretold that Zebulun’s descendants would become a maritime people with their border touching Sidon (Gn 49:13). Though Zebulu...","summary_en":"ZEBULUN (Person) One of Jacob’s 12 sons (Gn 35:23; 1 Chr 2:1). He was the sixth and last son borne to Jacob by Leah, who named the boy Zebulun, meaning “abode, dwelling,” for she said, “Now my husband will dwell with me, because I have borne him six sons” (Gn 30:20, nasb, emphasis added). Later, he settled his family in Egypt with Jacob and his brothers (Ex 1:3). Jacob foretold that Zebulun’s descendants would become a maritime people with their border touching Sidon (Gn 49:13). Though Zebulu...","source":"Articles\/Z.xml","external_url":null,"has_map":false,"has_picture":false}],"2":[{"id":13018,"type":"article","type_label":"Articol","type_icon":"📖","type_color":"#d4af37","title_ro":"Gad (Person)","title_en":"Gad (Person)","content_ro":"<h3>GAD (P<span>erson<\/span>)<\/h3>\n<li>1. One of the 12 sons of Jacob (Gn 35:26; 1 Chr 2:2). He was the first of the two sons born to Jacob by Zilpah, Leah’s maid. Delighted with giving Jacob another son, Leah named the boy Gad, meaning “good fortune” (Gn 30:11). Later, Gad moved his family with Jacob to Egypt (Ex 1:4). When Jacob blessed his sons, he predicted that Gad would constantly be troubled by foreign invaders but would successfully withstand them and put them to flight (see Gn 49:19 and discussion below under Gad, Tribe of). Gad became the father of seven sons (Gn 46:16) and the founder of the Gadites (Dt 3:12, 16), one of the 12 tribes of Israel (Nm 2:14).<\/li>\n<p><em>See also<\/em> Gad, Tribe of.<\/p>\n<li>2. Prophet and seer during the reign of David. He counseled David to leave Mizpeh of Moab and return to the land of Judah (1 Sm 22:5). Gad communicated David’s punishment for numbering the fighting men of Israel (2 Sm 24:11-14, 18-19; 1 Chr 21:9-19), assisted David and Nathan in setting up the order of worship in the sanctuary (2 Chr 29:25) and later wrote an account of David’s life (1 Chr 29:29).<\/li>","content_en":"<h3>GAD (P<span>erson<\/span>)<\/h3>\n<li>1. One of the 12 sons of Jacob (Gn 35:26; 1 Chr 2:2). He was the first of the two sons born to Jacob by Zilpah, Leah’s maid. Delighted with giving Jacob another son, Leah named the boy Gad, meaning “good fortune” (Gn 30:11). Later, Gad moved his family with Jacob to Egypt (Ex 1:4). When Jacob blessed his sons, he predicted that Gad would constantly be troubled by foreign invaders but would successfully withstand them and put them to flight (see Gn 49:19 and discussion below under Gad, Tribe of). Gad became the father of seven sons (Gn 46:16) and the founder of the Gadites (Dt 3:12, 16), one of the 12 tribes of Israel (Nm 2:14).<\/li>\n<p><em>See also<\/em> Gad, Tribe of.<\/p>\n<li>2. Prophet and seer during the reign of David. He counseled David to leave Mizpeh of Moab and return to the land of Judah (1 Sm 22:5). Gad communicated David’s punishment for numbering the fighting men of Israel (2 Sm 24:11-14, 18-19; 1 Chr 21:9-19), assisted David and Nathan in setting up the order of worship in the sanctuary (2 Chr 29:25) and later wrote an account of David’s life (1 Chr 29:29).<\/li>","summary_ro":"GAD (Person) 1. One of the 12 sons of Jacob (Gn 35:26; 1 Chr 2:2). He was the first of the two sons born to Jacob by Zilpah, Leah’s maid. Delighted with giving Jacob another son, Leah named the boy Gad, meaning “good fortune” (Gn 30:11). Later, Gad moved his family with Jacob to Egypt (Ex 1:4). When Jacob blessed his sons, he predicted that Gad would constantly be troubled by foreign invaders but would successfully withstand them and put them to flight (see Gn 49:19 and discussion below under...","summary_en":"GAD (Person) 1. One of the 12 sons of Jacob (Gn 35:26; 1 Chr 2:2). He was the first of the two sons born to Jacob by Zilpah, Leah’s maid. Delighted with giving Jacob another son, Leah named the boy Gad, meaning “good fortune” (Gn 30:11). Later, Gad moved his family with Jacob to Egypt (Ex 1:4). When Jacob blessed his sons, he predicted that Gad would constantly be troubled by foreign invaders but would successfully withstand them and put them to flight (see Gn 49:19 and discussion below under...","source":"Articles\/G.xml","external_url":null,"has_map":false,"has_picture":false},{"id":26956,"type":"article","type_label":"Articol","type_icon":"📖","type_color":"#d4af37","title_ro":"Naphtali (Person)","title_en":"Naphtali (Person)","content_ro":"<h3>NAPHTALI (P<span>erson<\/span>)<\/h3>\n<p>One of Jacob’s 12 sons (Gn 35:25; 1 Chr 2:2). He was the second of two sons borne to Jacob by Bilhah, Rachel’s maid. Overjoyed with giving Jacob another son, Rachel named the boy Naphtali, meaning “my wrestling,” for her conflict with Leah—“with mighty wrestlings I have wrestled with my sister, and have prevailed” (Gn 30:8, <span>rsv<\/span>). Naphtali eventually moved his family with Jacob to Egypt (Gn 46:24; Ex 1:4). He fathered four sons (Nm 26:50; 1 Chr 7:13) and founded one of the 12 tribes of Israel (Nm 1:43).<\/p>\n<p><em>See also<\/em> Naphtali, Tribe of.<\/p>","content_en":"<h3>NAPHTALI (P<span>erson<\/span>)<\/h3>\n<p>One of Jacob’s 12 sons (Gn 35:25; 1 Chr 2:2). He was the second of two sons borne to Jacob by Bilhah, Rachel’s maid. Overjoyed with giving Jacob another son, Rachel named the boy Naphtali, meaning “my wrestling,” for her conflict with Leah—“with mighty wrestlings I have wrestled with my sister, and have prevailed” (Gn 30:8, <span>rsv<\/span>). Naphtali eventually moved his family with Jacob to Egypt (Gn 46:24; Ex 1:4). He fathered four sons (Nm 26:50; 1 Chr 7:13) and founded one of the 12 tribes of Israel (Nm 1:43).<\/p>\n<p><em>See also<\/em> Naphtali, Tribe of.<\/p>","summary_ro":"NAPHTALI (Person) One of Jacob’s 12 sons (Gn 35:25; 1 Chr 2:2). He was the second of two sons borne to Jacob by Bilhah, Rachel’s maid. Overjoyed with giving Jacob another son, Rachel named the boy Naphtali, meaning “my wrestling,” for her conflict with Leah—“with mighty wrestlings I have wrestled with my sister, and have prevailed” (Gn 30:8, rsv). Naphtali eventually moved his family with Jacob to Egypt (Gn 46:24; Ex 1:4). He fathered four sons (Nm 26:50; 1 Chr 7:13) and founded one of the 12...","summary_en":"NAPHTALI (Person) One of Jacob’s 12 sons (Gn 35:25; 1 Chr 2:2). He was the second of two sons borne to Jacob by Bilhah, Rachel’s maid. Overjoyed with giving Jacob another son, Rachel named the boy Naphtali, meaning “my wrestling,” for her conflict with Leah—“with mighty wrestlings I have wrestled with my sister, and have prevailed” (Gn 30:8, rsv). Naphtali eventually moved his family with Jacob to Egypt (Gn 46:24; Ex 1:4). He fathered four sons (Nm 26:50; 1 Chr 7:13) and founded one of the 12...","source":"Articles\/N.xml","external_url":null,"has_map":false,"has_picture":false}],"3":[{"id":40767,"type":"profile","type_label":"Profil","type_icon":"👤","type_color":"#f59e0b","title_ro":"Judah","title_en":"Judah","content_ro":"<h3>Judah<\/h3>\n<p>Judah is remembered most often as the ancestor of King David and of Jesus Christ. Despite his birth as a middle child and his sins as an adult (Gen 38), God chose Judah to carry the line of King David (1 Chr 2:1-17; 3:1-24) and of the Messiah (Gen 49:8-12; Matt 1:1-16; Luke 3:23-34).<\/p>\n<p>Judah was the fourth of Jacob’s twelve sons (Gen 35:23; 1 Chr 2:1). Leah, overjoyed to have borne her fourth son, named him Judah, meaning “praise” (Gen 29:35). Judah fathered five sons: Er, Onan, and Shelah by Bathshua, a woman from Canaan (Gen 38:1-5; 1 Chr 2:3); and the twins, Perez and Zerah, by his daughter-in-law Tamar (Gen 38:27-30; 1 Chr 2:4). God killed his first two sons, Er and Onan, in Canaan for disobedience (Gen 46:12). Judah eventually settled his family in Egypt with his father and brothers (Exod 1:1-2).<\/p>\n<p>Though reckless in his behavior with Tamar (Gen 38:6-30), Judah took personal responsibility for Benjamin’s safety in Egypt and interceded with Joseph for his brothers (44:14-34). When Jacob gave his dying blessing, he granted Judah a position of leadership; the future kings of Israel would come through Judah’s offspring (see 49:10).<\/p>\n<p><strong>Passages for Further Study<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Gen 29:35; 37:26-27; 38:1-30; 43:1-10; 44:14-34; 46:28; 49:8-12; Ruth 4:12; 1 Chr 2:3-4; 5:2; Ps 108:8<\/p>","content_en":"<h3>Judah<\/h3>\n<p>Judah is remembered most often as the ancestor of King David and of Jesus Christ. Despite his birth as a middle child and his sins as an adult (Gen 38), God chose Judah to carry the line of King David (1 Chr 2:1-17; 3:1-24) and of the Messiah (Gen 49:8-12; Matt 1:1-16; Luke 3:23-34).<\/p>\n<p>Judah was the fourth of Jacob’s twelve sons (Gen 35:23; 1 Chr 2:1). Leah, overjoyed to have borne her fourth son, named him Judah, meaning “praise” (Gen 29:35). Judah fathered five sons: Er, Onan, and Shelah by Bathshua, a woman from Canaan (Gen 38:1-5; 1 Chr 2:3); and the twins, Perez and Zerah, by his daughter-in-law Tamar (Gen 38:27-30; 1 Chr 2:4). God killed his first two sons, Er and Onan, in Canaan for disobedience (Gen 46:12). Judah eventually settled his family in Egypt with his father and brothers (Exod 1:1-2).<\/p>\n<p>Though reckless in his behavior with Tamar (Gen 38:6-30), Judah took personal responsibility for Benjamin’s safety in Egypt and interceded with Joseph for his brothers (44:14-34). When Jacob gave his dying blessing, he granted Judah a position of leadership; the future kings of Israel would come through Judah’s offspring (see 49:10).<\/p>\n<p><strong>Passages for Further Study<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Gen 29:35; 37:26-27; 38:1-30; 43:1-10; 44:14-34; 46:28; 49:8-12; Ruth 4:12; 1 Chr 2:3-4; 5:2; Ps 108:8<\/p>","summary_ro":"Judah Judah is remembered most often as the ancestor of King David and of Jesus Christ. Despite his birth as a middle child and his sins as an adult (Gen 38), God chose Judah to carry the line of King David (1 Chr 2:1-17; 3:1-24) and of the Messiah (Gen 49:8-12; Matt 1:1-16; Luke 3:23-34). Judah was the fourth of Jacob’s twelve sons (Gen 35:23; 1 Chr 2:1). Leah, overjoyed to have borne her fourth son, named him Judah, meaning “praise” (Gen 29:35). Judah fathered five sons: Er, Onan, and Shela...","summary_en":"Judah Judah is remembered most often as the ancestor of King David and of Jesus Christ. Despite his birth as a middle child and his sins as an adult (Gen 38), God chose Judah to carry the line of King David (1 Chr 2:1-17; 3:1-24) and of the Messiah (Gen 49:8-12; Matt 1:1-16; Luke 3:23-34). Judah was the fourth of Jacob’s twelve sons (Gen 35:23; 1 Chr 2:1). Leah, overjoyed to have borne her fourth son, named him Judah, meaning “praise” (Gen 29:35). Judah fathered five sons: Er, Onan, and Shela...","source":"Profiles.xml","external_url":null,"has_map":false,"has_picture":false},{"id":41293,"type":"profile","type_label":"Profil","type_icon":"👤","type_color":"#f59e0b","title_ro":"David","title_en":"David","content_ro":"<h3>David<\/h3>\n<p>David is one of the monumental figures of biblical history. His reign was a high point in God’s plan for Israel, and it had great and lasting significance.<\/p>\n<p>David was born in Bethlehem as Jesse’s youngest son; his lineage is traced back to Judah (Ruth 4:18-22; 1 Chr 2:3-15; Matt 1:3-6; Luke 3:31-33). At the time of his birth, Jerusalem was occupied by the Jebusites, and large parts of the Promised Land were still occupied by foreign people, most notably the Philistines. God would use David to complete the conquest of the land.<\/p>\n<p>As a youth, David was a simple shepherd, watching his father’s sheep (1 Sam 16:11; 17:14-15). His life took an unexpected turn when the prophet Samuel came to Jesse and anointed David as the next king of Israel. However, David’s kingship was not initiated by a coup or an assassination. In fact, David became a faithful servant to King Saul. David first entered Saul’s service as a musician, playing songs that soothed Saul’s tormented soul (16:14-23). This service anticipated David’s role as the composer of many of the psalms. The youthful David also helped Saul by famously defeating the Philistine champion Goliath in individual combat (17:32-51). This victory anticipated David’s role as a victorious military leader.<\/p>\n<p>Although David was loyal, Saul grew deeply suspicious of him, and David had to flee. He was able to escape with help from Saul’s own children, Jonathan and Michal. David led a virtual kingdom in exile. He had a standing army of six hundred men. The prophet Gad and the priest Abiathar were also with him, providing direction and guidance from the Lord.<\/p>\n<p>God’s long-suffering patience finally ran out with Saul, and Saul died on the battlefield. Yet it was still not easy for David to establish his rule over all Israel. The tribe of Judah immediately proclaimed him its king, but at first the northern tribes chose Ishbosheth, a son of Saul, to be their leader. Ishbosheth was not a powerful or good leader; he only stayed in power because of the protection of his father’s military leader, Abner. However, Ishbosheth foolishly insulted Abner, so the general helped turn the kingdom over to David.<\/p>\n<p>As king over a united Israel, David proceeded to solidify the kingdom. He and his men captured Jerusalem from the Jebusites and made this central city his capital. He also expelled the remaining Philistines from the land. He then brought the Ark of the Covenant into Jerusalem. David wanted to build a permanent temple to God in Jerusalem to replace the Tabernacle. God denied this wish, but he showed his love for David by entering into a covenant with him that established his descendants as a dynasty (2 Sam 7).<\/p>\n<p>David’s life soon took a turn for the worse, however (see 2 Sam 11–12). At a time when he probably should have been on the battlefield with his army, he was lounging around on the palace roof. He saw a beautiful woman named Bathsheba taking a bath. He wanted her, so, like a Near Eastern despot, he took her. She became pregnant, and his attempt to cover up his adultery failed. In a desperate attempt to keep things secret, he had her husband, Uriah, killed. But not even a great king like David can keep secrets from God, and God sent his prophet Nathan to confront David. David repented (see Pss 32, 51), but the consequences of his actions plagued his family and the rest of his reign.<\/p>\n<p>From that point on, David’s family fell apart. David’s son Amnon raped his half sister Tamar (2 Sam 13:1-14). Her brother Absalom then murdered Amnon (2 Sam 13:20-29). Absalom later created a civil war as he tried to steal the throne from his father (2 Sam 15–18). Another son, Adonijah, tried to take the throne from David by having himself proclaimed king while his father was still alive (1 Kgs 1:5-10). But David was able to muster enough strength to ensure that Solomon would succeed him (1 Kgs 1:28-40). David died, Solomon was proclaimed king, and David’s long dynasty began (as promised in 2 Sam 7).<\/p>\n<p>David’s successors seldom measured up. Only rarely did his descendants lead the nation to worship God faithfully; the united monarchy did not even outlive Solomon. In the centuries that followed, the descendants of David ruled only Judah in the south. Eventually, the kingdom of Judah was destroyed. Never again did a descendant of David reign as king in Israel.<\/p>\n<p>What, then, of the promise to David that “your throne will be secure forever” (2 Sam 7:16)? The New Testament points to Jesus. He was the descendant of David, and God proclaimed him the Christ, or Messiah—the anointed king (see Matt 1:1; 9:27; 12:23; Mark 10:47-48; 11:10; 12:35-37; Luke 18:38-39; 20:41-44; John 7:42; Rev 5:5; 22:16). The life and rule of David foreshadows the messianic reign of Jesus Christ, which will last forever (see Luke 1:32-33; Rev 11:15).<\/p>\n<p><strong>Passages for Further Study<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Ruth 4:13-22; 1 Sam 16:1–17:58; 18:1–27:12; 29:1–30:31; 2 Sam 1:1–24:25; 1 Kgs 1:1–2:12; 1 Chr 11:1–29:30; Pss 1–32, 34–41, 51–71, 86, 91–110, 122, 124, 131, 133, 138–145; Matt 1:1; 9:27; 22:41-46; Mark 12:35-37; Luke 20:41-44; John 7:40-44; Acts 2:22-37; 13:20-43; Rom 1:3; Rev 22:16<\/p>","content_en":"<h3>David<\/h3>\n<p>David is one of the monumental figures of biblical history. His reign was a high point in God’s plan for Israel, and it had great and lasting significance.<\/p>\n<p>David was born in Bethlehem as Jesse’s youngest son; his lineage is traced back to Judah (Ruth 4:18-22; 1 Chr 2:3-15; Matt 1:3-6; Luke 3:31-33). At the time of his birth, Jerusalem was occupied by the Jebusites, and large parts of the Promised Land were still occupied by foreign people, most notably the Philistines. God would use David to complete the conquest of the land.<\/p>\n<p>As a youth, David was a simple shepherd, watching his father’s sheep (1 Sam 16:11; 17:14-15). His life took an unexpected turn when the prophet Samuel came to Jesse and anointed David as the next king of Israel. However, David’s kingship was not initiated by a coup or an assassination. In fact, David became a faithful servant to King Saul. David first entered Saul’s service as a musician, playing songs that soothed Saul’s tormented soul (16:14-23). This service anticipated David’s role as the composer of many of the psalms. The youthful David also helped Saul by famously defeating the Philistine champion Goliath in individual combat (17:32-51). This victory anticipated David’s role as a victorious military leader.<\/p>\n<p>Although David was loyal, Saul grew deeply suspicious of him, and David had to flee. He was able to escape with help from Saul’s own children, Jonathan and Michal. David led a virtual kingdom in exile. He had a standing army of six hundred men. The prophet Gad and the priest Abiathar were also with him, providing direction and guidance from the Lord.<\/p>\n<p>God’s long-suffering patience finally ran out with Saul, and Saul died on the battlefield. Yet it was still not easy for David to establish his rule over all Israel. The tribe of Judah immediately proclaimed him its king, but at first the northern tribes chose Ishbosheth, a son of Saul, to be their leader. Ishbosheth was not a powerful or good leader; he only stayed in power because of the protection of his father’s military leader, Abner. However, Ishbosheth foolishly insulted Abner, so the general helped turn the kingdom over to David.<\/p>\n<p>As king over a united Israel, David proceeded to solidify the kingdom. He and his men captured Jerusalem from the Jebusites and made this central city his capital. He also expelled the remaining Philistines from the land. He then brought the Ark of the Covenant into Jerusalem. David wanted to build a permanent temple to God in Jerusalem to replace the Tabernacle. God denied this wish, but he showed his love for David by entering into a covenant with him that established his descendants as a dynasty (2 Sam 7).<\/p>\n<p>David’s life soon took a turn for the worse, however (see 2 Sam 11–12). At a time when he probably should have been on the battlefield with his army, he was lounging around on the palace roof. He saw a beautiful woman named Bathsheba taking a bath. He wanted her, so, like a Near Eastern despot, he took her. She became pregnant, and his attempt to cover up his adultery failed. In a desperate attempt to keep things secret, he had her husband, Uriah, killed. But not even a great king like David can keep secrets from God, and God sent his prophet Nathan to confront David. David repented (see Pss 32, 51), but the consequences of his actions plagued his family and the rest of his reign.<\/p>\n<p>From that point on, David’s family fell apart. David’s son Amnon raped his half sister Tamar (2 Sam 13:1-14). Her brother Absalom then murdered Amnon (2 Sam 13:20-29). Absalom later created a civil war as he tried to steal the throne from his father (2 Sam 15–18). Another son, Adonijah, tried to take the throne from David by having himself proclaimed king while his father was still alive (1 Kgs 1:5-10). But David was able to muster enough strength to ensure that Solomon would succeed him (1 Kgs 1:28-40). David died, Solomon was proclaimed king, and David’s long dynasty began (as promised in 2 Sam 7).<\/p>\n<p>David’s successors seldom measured up. Only rarely did his descendants lead the nation to worship God faithfully; the united monarchy did not even outlive Solomon. In the centuries that followed, the descendants of David ruled only Judah in the south. Eventually, the kingdom of Judah was destroyed. Never again did a descendant of David reign as king in Israel.<\/p>\n<p>What, then, of the promise to David that “your throne will be secure forever” (2 Sam 7:16)? The New Testament points to Jesus. He was the descendant of David, and God proclaimed him the Christ, or Messiah—the anointed king (see Matt 1:1; 9:27; 12:23; Mark 10:47-48; 11:10; 12:35-37; Luke 18:38-39; 20:41-44; John 7:42; Rev 5:5; 22:16). The life and rule of David foreshadows the messianic reign of Jesus Christ, which will last forever (see Luke 1:32-33; Rev 11:15).<\/p>\n<p><strong>Passages for Further Study<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Ruth 4:13-22; 1 Sam 16:1–17:58; 18:1–27:12; 29:1–30:31; 2 Sam 1:1–24:25; 1 Kgs 1:1–2:12; 1 Chr 11:1–29:30; Pss 1–32, 34–41, 51–71, 86, 91–110, 122, 124, 131, 133, 138–145; Matt 1:1; 9:27; 22:41-46; Mark 12:35-37; Luke 20:41-44; John 7:40-44; Acts 2:22-37; 13:20-43; Rom 1:3; Rev 22:16<\/p>","summary_ro":"David David is one of the monumental figures of biblical history. His reign was a high point in God’s plan for Israel, and it had great and lasting significance. David was born in Bethlehem as Jesse’s youngest son; his lineage is traced back to Judah (Ruth 4:18-22; 1 Chr 2:3-15; Matt 1:3-6; Luke 3:31-33). At the time of his birth, Jerusalem was occupied by the Jebusites, and large parts of the Promised Land were still occupied by foreign people, most notably the Philistines. God would use Dav...","summary_en":"David David is one of the monumental figures of biblical history. His reign was a high point in God’s plan for Israel, and it had great and lasting significance. David was born in Bethlehem as Jesse’s youngest son; his lineage is traced back to Judah (Ruth 4:18-22; 1 Chr 2:3-15; Matt 1:3-6; Luke 3:31-33). At the time of his birth, Jerusalem was occupied by the Jebusites, and large parts of the Promised Land were still occupied by foreign people, most notably the Philistines. God would use Dav...","source":"Profiles.xml","external_url":null,"has_map":false,"has_picture":false},{"id":68393,"type":"profile","type_label":"Profil","type_icon":"👤","type_color":"#f59e0b","title_ro":"Judah","title_en":"Judah","content_ro":"<h3>Judah<\/h3>\n<p>Judah is remembered most often as the ancestor of King David and of Jesus Christ. Despite his birth as a middle child and his sins as an adult (Gen 38), God chose Judah to carry the line of King David (1 Chr 2:1-17; 3:1-24) and of the Messiah (Gen 49:8-12; Matt 1:1-16; Luke 3:23-34).<\/p>\n<p>Judah was the fourth of Jacob’s twelve sons (Gen 35:23; 1 Chr 2:1). Leah, overjoyed to have borne her fourth son, named him Judah, meaning “praise” (Gen 29:35). Judah fathered five sons: Er, Onan, and Shelah by Bathshua, a woman from Canaan (Gen 38:1-5; 1 Chr 2:3); and the twins, Perez and Zerah, by his daughter-in-law Tamar (Gen 38:27-30; 1 Chr 2:4). God killed his first two sons, Er and Onan, in Canaan for disobedience (Gen 46:12). Judah eventually settled his family in Egypt with his father and brothers (Exod 1:1-2).<\/p>\n<p>Though reckless in his behavior with Tamar (Gen 38:6-30), Judah took personal responsibility for Benjamin’s safety in Egypt and interceded with Joseph for his brothers (44:14-34). When Jacob gave his dying blessing, he granted Judah a position of leadership; the future kings of Israel would come through Judah’s offspring (see 49:10).<\/p>\n<p><strong>Passages for Further Study<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Gen 29:35; 37:26-27; 38:1-30; 43:1-10; 44:14-34; 46:28; 49:8-12; Ruth 4:12; 1 Chr 2:3-4; 5:2; Ps 108:8<\/p>","content_en":"<h3>Judah<\/h3>\n<p>Judah is remembered most often as the ancestor of King David and of Jesus Christ. Despite his birth as a middle child and his sins as an adult (Gen 38), God chose Judah to carry the line of King David (1 Chr 2:1-17; 3:1-24) and of the Messiah (Gen 49:8-12; Matt 1:1-16; Luke 3:23-34).<\/p>\n<p>Judah was the fourth of Jacob’s twelve sons (Gen 35:23; 1 Chr 2:1). Leah, overjoyed to have borne her fourth son, named him Judah, meaning “praise” (Gen 29:35). Judah fathered five sons: Er, Onan, and Shelah by Bathshua, a woman from Canaan (Gen 38:1-5; 1 Chr 2:3); and the twins, Perez and Zerah, by his daughter-in-law Tamar (Gen 38:27-30; 1 Chr 2:4). God killed his first two sons, Er and Onan, in Canaan for disobedience (Gen 46:12). Judah eventually settled his family in Egypt with his father and brothers (Exod 1:1-2).<\/p>\n<p>Though reckless in his behavior with Tamar (Gen 38:6-30), Judah took personal responsibility for Benjamin’s safety in Egypt and interceded with Joseph for his brothers (44:14-34). When Jacob gave his dying blessing, he granted Judah a position of leadership; the future kings of Israel would come through Judah’s offspring (see 49:10).<\/p>\n<p><strong>Passages for Further Study<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Gen 29:35; 37:26-27; 38:1-30; 43:1-10; 44:14-34; 46:28; 49:8-12; Ruth 4:12; 1 Chr 2:3-4; 5:2; Ps 108:8<\/p>","summary_ro":"Judah Judah is remembered most often as the ancestor of King David and of Jesus Christ. Despite his birth as a middle child and his sins as an adult (Gen 38), God chose Judah to carry the line of King David (1 Chr 2:1-17; 3:1-24) and of the Messiah (Gen 49:8-12; Matt 1:1-16; Luke 3:23-34). Judah was the fourth of Jacob’s twelve sons (Gen 35:23; 1 Chr 2:1). Leah, overjoyed to have borne her fourth son, named him Judah, meaning “praise” (Gen 29:35). Judah fathered five sons: Er, Onan, and Shela...","summary_en":"Judah Judah is remembered most often as the ancestor of King David and of Jesus Christ. Despite his birth as a middle child and his sins as an adult (Gen 38), God chose Judah to carry the line of King David (1 Chr 2:1-17; 3:1-24) and of the Messiah (Gen 49:8-12; Matt 1:1-16; Luke 3:23-34). Judah was the fourth of Jacob’s twelve sons (Gen 35:23; 1 Chr 2:1). Leah, overjoyed to have borne her fourth son, named him Judah, meaning “praise” (Gen 29:35). Judah fathered five sons: Er, Onan, and Shela...","source":"Profiles.xml","external_url":null,"has_map":false,"has_picture":false},{"id":68919,"type":"profile","type_label":"Profil","type_icon":"👤","type_color":"#f59e0b","title_ro":"David","title_en":"David","content_ro":"<h3>David<\/h3>\n<p>David is one of the monumental figures of biblical history. His reign was a high point in God’s plan for Israel, and it had great and lasting significance.<\/p>\n<p>David was born in Bethlehem as Jesse’s youngest son; his lineage is traced back to Judah (Ruth 4:18-22; 1 Chr 2:3-15; Matt 1:3-6; Luke 3:31-33). At the time of his birth, Jerusalem was occupied by the Jebusites, and large parts of the Promised Land were still occupied by foreign people, most notably the Philistines. God would use David to complete the conquest of the land.<\/p>\n<p>As a youth, David was a simple shepherd, watching his father’s sheep (1 Sam 16:11; 17:14-15). His life took an unexpected turn when the prophet Samuel came to Jesse and anointed David as the next king of Israel. However, David’s kingship was not initiated by a coup or an assassination. In fact, David became a faithful servant to King Saul. David first entered Saul’s service as a musician, playing songs that soothed Saul’s tormented soul (16:14-23). This service anticipated David’s role as the composer of many of the psalms. The youthful David also helped Saul by famously defeating the Philistine champion Goliath in individual combat (17:32-51). This victory anticipated David’s role as a victorious military leader.<\/p>\n<p>Although David was loyal, Saul grew deeply suspicious of him, and David had to flee. He was able to escape with help from Saul’s own children, Jonathan and Michal. David led a virtual kingdom in exile. He had a standing army of six hundred men. The prophet Gad and the priest Abiathar were also with him, providing direction and guidance from the Lord.<\/p>\n<p>God’s long-suffering patience finally ran out with Saul, and Saul died on the battlefield. Yet it was still not easy for David to establish his rule over all Israel. The tribe of Judah immediately proclaimed him its king, but at first the northern tribes chose Ishbosheth, a son of Saul, to be their leader. Ishbosheth was not a powerful or good leader; he only stayed in power because of the protection of his father’s military leader, Abner. However, Ishbosheth foolishly insulted Abner, so the general helped turn the kingdom over to David.<\/p>\n<p>As king over a united Israel, David proceeded to solidify the kingdom. He and his men captured Jerusalem from the Jebusites and made this central city his capital. He also expelled the remaining Philistines from the land. He then brought the Ark of the Covenant into Jerusalem. David wanted to build a permanent temple to God in Jerusalem to replace the Tabernacle. God denied this wish, but he showed his love for David by entering into a covenant with him that established his descendants as a dynasty (2 Sam 7).<\/p>\n<p>David’s life soon took a turn for the worse, however (see 2 Sam 11–12). At a time when he probably should have been on the battlefield with his army, he was lounging around on the palace roof. He saw a beautiful woman named Bathsheba taking a bath. He wanted her, so, like a Near Eastern despot, he took her. She became pregnant, and his attempt to cover up his adultery failed. In a desperate attempt to keep things secret, he had her husband, Uriah, killed. But not even a great king like David can keep secrets from God, and God sent his prophet Nathan to confront David. David repented (see Pss 32, 51), but the consequences of his actions plagued his family and the rest of his reign.<\/p>\n<p>From that point on, David’s family fell apart. David’s son Amnon raped his half sister Tamar (2 Sam 13:1-14). Her brother Absalom then murdered Amnon (2 Sam 13:20-29). Absalom later created a civil war as he tried to steal the throne from his father (2 Sam 15–18). Another son, Adonijah, tried to take the throne from David by having himself proclaimed king while his father was still alive (1 Kgs 1:5-10). But David was able to muster enough strength to ensure that Solomon would succeed him (1 Kgs 1:28-40). David died, Solomon was proclaimed king, and David’s long dynasty began (as promised in 2 Sam 7).<\/p>\n<p>David’s successors seldom measured up. Only rarely did his descendants lead the nation to worship God faithfully; the united monarchy did not even outlive Solomon. In the centuries that followed, the descendants of David ruled only Judah in the south. Eventually, the kingdom of Judah was destroyed. Never again did a descendant of David reign as king in Israel.<\/p>\n<p>What, then, of the promise to David that “your throne will be secure forever” (2 Sam 7:16)? The New Testament points to Jesus. He was the descendant of David, and God proclaimed him the Christ, or Messiah—the anointed king (see Matt 1:1; 9:27; 12:23; Mark 10:47-48; 11:10; 12:35-37; Luke 18:38-39; 20:41-44; John 7:42; Rev 5:5; 22:16). The life and rule of David foreshadows the messianic reign of Jesus Christ, which will last forever (see Luke 1:32-33; Rev 11:15).<\/p>\n<p><strong>Passages for Further Study<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Ruth 4:13-22; 1 Sam 16:1–17:58; 18:1–27:12; 29:1–30:31; 2 Sam 1:1–24:25; 1 Kgs 1:1–2:12; 1 Chr 11:1–29:30; Pss 1–32, 34–41, 51–71, 86, 91–110, 122, 124, 131, 133, 138–145; Matt 1:1; 9:27; 22:41-46; Mark 12:35-37; Luke 20:41-44; John 7:40-44; Acts 2:22-37; 13:20-43; Rom 1:3; Rev 22:16<\/p>","content_en":"<h3>David<\/h3>\n<p>David is one of the monumental figures of biblical history. His reign was a high point in God’s plan for Israel, and it had great and lasting significance.<\/p>\n<p>David was born in Bethlehem as Jesse’s youngest son; his lineage is traced back to Judah (Ruth 4:18-22; 1 Chr 2:3-15; Matt 1:3-6; Luke 3:31-33). At the time of his birth, Jerusalem was occupied by the Jebusites, and large parts of the Promised Land were still occupied by foreign people, most notably the Philistines. God would use David to complete the conquest of the land.<\/p>\n<p>As a youth, David was a simple shepherd, watching his father’s sheep (1 Sam 16:11; 17:14-15). His life took an unexpected turn when the prophet Samuel came to Jesse and anointed David as the next king of Israel. However, David’s kingship was not initiated by a coup or an assassination. In fact, David became a faithful servant to King Saul. David first entered Saul’s service as a musician, playing songs that soothed Saul’s tormented soul (16:14-23). This service anticipated David’s role as the composer of many of the psalms. The youthful David also helped Saul by famously defeating the Philistine champion Goliath in individual combat (17:32-51). This victory anticipated David’s role as a victorious military leader.<\/p>\n<p>Although David was loyal, Saul grew deeply suspicious of him, and David had to flee. He was able to escape with help from Saul’s own children, Jonathan and Michal. David led a virtual kingdom in exile. He had a standing army of six hundred men. The prophet Gad and the priest Abiathar were also with him, providing direction and guidance from the Lord.<\/p>\n<p>God’s long-suffering patience finally ran out with Saul, and Saul died on the battlefield. Yet it was still not easy for David to establish his rule over all Israel. The tribe of Judah immediately proclaimed him its king, but at first the northern tribes chose Ishbosheth, a son of Saul, to be their leader. Ishbosheth was not a powerful or good leader; he only stayed in power because of the protection of his father’s military leader, Abner. However, Ishbosheth foolishly insulted Abner, so the general helped turn the kingdom over to David.<\/p>\n<p>As king over a united Israel, David proceeded to solidify the kingdom. He and his men captured Jerusalem from the Jebusites and made this central city his capital. He also expelled the remaining Philistines from the land. He then brought the Ark of the Covenant into Jerusalem. David wanted to build a permanent temple to God in Jerusalem to replace the Tabernacle. God denied this wish, but he showed his love for David by entering into a covenant with him that established his descendants as a dynasty (2 Sam 7).<\/p>\n<p>David’s life soon took a turn for the worse, however (see 2 Sam 11–12). At a time when he probably should have been on the battlefield with his army, he was lounging around on the palace roof. He saw a beautiful woman named Bathsheba taking a bath. He wanted her, so, like a Near Eastern despot, he took her. She became pregnant, and his attempt to cover up his adultery failed. In a desperate attempt to keep things secret, he had her husband, Uriah, killed. But not even a great king like David can keep secrets from God, and God sent his prophet Nathan to confront David. David repented (see Pss 32, 51), but the consequences of his actions plagued his family and the rest of his reign.<\/p>\n<p>From that point on, David’s family fell apart. David’s son Amnon raped his half sister Tamar (2 Sam 13:1-14). Her brother Absalom then murdered Amnon (2 Sam 13:20-29). Absalom later created a civil war as he tried to steal the throne from his father (2 Sam 15–18). Another son, Adonijah, tried to take the throne from David by having himself proclaimed king while his father was still alive (1 Kgs 1:5-10). But David was able to muster enough strength to ensure that Solomon would succeed him (1 Kgs 1:28-40). David died, Solomon was proclaimed king, and David’s long dynasty began (as promised in 2 Sam 7).<\/p>\n<p>David’s successors seldom measured up. Only rarely did his descendants lead the nation to worship God faithfully; the united monarchy did not even outlive Solomon. In the centuries that followed, the descendants of David ruled only Judah in the south. Eventually, the kingdom of Judah was destroyed. Never again did a descendant of David reign as king in Israel.<\/p>\n<p>What, then, of the promise to David that “your throne will be secure forever” (2 Sam 7:16)? The New Testament points to Jesus. He was the descendant of David, and God proclaimed him the Christ, or Messiah—the anointed king (see Matt 1:1; 9:27; 12:23; Mark 10:47-48; 11:10; 12:35-37; Luke 18:38-39; 20:41-44; John 7:42; Rev 5:5; 22:16). The life and rule of David foreshadows the messianic reign of Jesus Christ, which will last forever (see Luke 1:32-33; Rev 11:15).<\/p>\n<p><strong>Passages for Further Study<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Ruth 4:13-22; 1 Sam 16:1–17:58; 18:1–27:12; 29:1–30:31; 2 Sam 1:1–24:25; 1 Kgs 1:1–2:12; 1 Chr 11:1–29:30; Pss 1–32, 34–41, 51–71, 86, 91–110, 122, 124, 131, 133, 138–145; Matt 1:1; 9:27; 22:41-46; Mark 12:35-37; Luke 20:41-44; John 7:40-44; Acts 2:22-37; 13:20-43; Rom 1:3; Rev 22:16<\/p>","summary_ro":"David David is one of the monumental figures of biblical history. His reign was a high point in God’s plan for Israel, and it had great and lasting significance. David was born in Bethlehem as Jesse’s youngest son; his lineage is traced back to Judah (Ruth 4:18-22; 1 Chr 2:3-15; Matt 1:3-6; Luke 3:31-33). At the time of his birth, Jerusalem was occupied by the Jebusites, and large parts of the Promised Land were still occupied by foreign people, most notably the Philistines. God would use Dav...","summary_en":"David David is one of the monumental figures of biblical history. His reign was a high point in God’s plan for Israel, and it had great and lasting significance. David was born in Bethlehem as Jesse’s youngest son; his lineage is traced back to Judah (Ruth 4:18-22; 1 Chr 2:3-15; Matt 1:3-6; Luke 3:31-33). At the time of his birth, Jerusalem was occupied by the Jebusites, and large parts of the Promised Land were still occupied by foreign people, most notably the Philistines. God would use Dav...","source":"Profiles.xml","external_url":null,"has_map":false,"has_picture":false},{"id":96019,"type":"profile","type_label":"Profil","type_icon":"👤","type_color":"#f59e0b","title_ro":"Judah","title_en":"Judah","content_ro":"<h3>Judah<\/h3>\n<p>Judah is remembered most often as the ancestor of King David and of Jesus Christ. Despite his birth as a middle child and his sins as an adult (Gen 38), God chose Judah to carry the line of King David (1 Chr 2:1-17; 3:1-24) and of the Messiah (Gen 49:8-12; Matt 1:1-16; Luke 3:23-34).<\/p>\n<p>Judah was the fourth of Jacob’s twelve sons (Gen 35:23; 1 Chr 2:1). Leah, overjoyed to have borne her fourth son, named him Judah, meaning “praise” (Gen 29:35). Judah fathered five sons: Er, Onan, and Shelah by Bathshua, a woman from Canaan (Gen 38:1-5; 1 Chr 2:3); and the twins, Perez and Zerah, by his daughter-in-law Tamar (Gen 38:27-30; 1 Chr 2:4). God killed his first two sons, Er and Onan, in Canaan for disobedience (Gen 46:12). Judah eventually settled his family in Egypt with his father and brothers (Exod 1:1-2).<\/p>\n<p>Though reckless in his behavior with Tamar (Gen 38:6-30), Judah took personal responsibility for Benjamin’s safety in Egypt and interceded with Joseph for his brothers (44:14-34). When Jacob gave his dying blessing, he granted Judah a position of leadership; the future kings of Israel would come through Judah’s offspring (see 49:10).<\/p>\n<p><strong>Passages for Further Study<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Gen 29:35; 37:26-27; 38:1-30; 43:1-10; 44:14-34; 46:28; 49:8-12; Ruth 4:12; 1 Chr 2:3-4; 5:2; Ps 108:8<\/p>","content_en":"<h3>Judah<\/h3>\n<p>Judah is remembered most often as the ancestor of King David and of Jesus Christ. Despite his birth as a middle child and his sins as an adult (Gen 38), God chose Judah to carry the line of King David (1 Chr 2:1-17; 3:1-24) and of the Messiah (Gen 49:8-12; Matt 1:1-16; Luke 3:23-34).<\/p>\n<p>Judah was the fourth of Jacob’s twelve sons (Gen 35:23; 1 Chr 2:1). Leah, overjoyed to have borne her fourth son, named him Judah, meaning “praise” (Gen 29:35). Judah fathered five sons: Er, Onan, and Shelah by Bathshua, a woman from Canaan (Gen 38:1-5; 1 Chr 2:3); and the twins, Perez and Zerah, by his daughter-in-law Tamar (Gen 38:27-30; 1 Chr 2:4). God killed his first two sons, Er and Onan, in Canaan for disobedience (Gen 46:12). Judah eventually settled his family in Egypt with his father and brothers (Exod 1:1-2).<\/p>\n<p>Though reckless in his behavior with Tamar (Gen 38:6-30), Judah took personal responsibility for Benjamin’s safety in Egypt and interceded with Joseph for his brothers (44:14-34). When Jacob gave his dying blessing, he granted Judah a position of leadership; the future kings of Israel would come through Judah’s offspring (see 49:10).<\/p>\n<p><strong>Passages for Further Study<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Gen 29:35; 37:26-27; 38:1-30; 43:1-10; 44:14-34; 46:28; 49:8-12; Ruth 4:12; 1 Chr 2:3-4; 5:2; Ps 108:8<\/p>","summary_ro":"Judah Judah is remembered most often as the ancestor of King David and of Jesus Christ. Despite his birth as a middle child and his sins as an adult (Gen 38), God chose Judah to carry the line of King David (1 Chr 2:1-17; 3:1-24) and of the Messiah (Gen 49:8-12; Matt 1:1-16; Luke 3:23-34). Judah was the fourth of Jacob’s twelve sons (Gen 35:23; 1 Chr 2:1). Leah, overjoyed to have borne her fourth son, named him Judah, meaning “praise” (Gen 29:35). Judah fathered five sons: Er, Onan, and Shela...","summary_en":"Judah Judah is remembered most often as the ancestor of King David and of Jesus Christ. Despite his birth as a middle child and his sins as an adult (Gen 38), God chose Judah to carry the line of King David (1 Chr 2:1-17; 3:1-24) and of the Messiah (Gen 49:8-12; Matt 1:1-16; Luke 3:23-34). Judah was the fourth of Jacob’s twelve sons (Gen 35:23; 1 Chr 2:1). Leah, overjoyed to have borne her fourth son, named him Judah, meaning “praise” (Gen 29:35). Judah fathered five sons: Er, Onan, and Shela...","source":"Profiles.xml","external_url":null,"has_map":false,"has_picture":false},{"id":96545,"type":"profile","type_label":"Profil","type_icon":"👤","type_color":"#f59e0b","title_ro":"David","title_en":"David","content_ro":"<h3>David<\/h3>\n<p>David is one of the monumental figures of biblical history. His reign was a high point in God’s plan for Israel, and it had great and lasting significance.<\/p>\n<p>David was born in Bethlehem as Jesse’s youngest son; his lineage is traced back to Judah (Ruth 4:18-22; 1 Chr 2:3-15; Matt 1:3-6; Luke 3:31-33). At the time of his birth, Jerusalem was occupied by the Jebusites, and large parts of the Promised Land were still occupied by foreign people, most notably the Philistines. God would use David to complete the conquest of the land.<\/p>\n<p>As a youth, David was a simple shepherd, watching his father’s sheep (1 Sam 16:11; 17:14-15). His life took an unexpected turn when the prophet Samuel came to Jesse and anointed David as the next king of Israel. However, David’s kingship was not initiated by a coup or an assassination. In fact, David became a faithful servant to King Saul. David first entered Saul’s service as a musician, playing songs that soothed Saul’s tormented soul (16:14-23). This service anticipated David’s role as the composer of many of the psalms. The youthful David also helped Saul by famously defeating the Philistine champion Goliath in individual combat (17:32-51). This victory anticipated David’s role as a victorious military leader.<\/p>\n<p>Although David was loyal, Saul grew deeply suspicious of him, and David had to flee. He was able to escape with help from Saul’s own children, Jonathan and Michal. David led a virtual kingdom in exile. He had a standing army of six hundred men. The prophet Gad and the priest Abiathar were also with him, providing direction and guidance from the Lord.<\/p>\n<p>God’s long-suffering patience finally ran out with Saul, and Saul died on the battlefield. Yet it was still not easy for David to establish his rule over all Israel. The tribe of Judah immediately proclaimed him its king, but at first the northern tribes chose Ishbosheth, a son of Saul, to be their leader. Ishbosheth was not a powerful or good leader; he only stayed in power because of the protection of his father’s military leader, Abner. However, Ishbosheth foolishly insulted Abner, so the general helped turn the kingdom over to David.<\/p>\n<p>As king over a united Israel, David proceeded to solidify the kingdom. He and his men captured Jerusalem from the Jebusites and made this central city his capital. He also expelled the remaining Philistines from the land. He then brought the Ark of the Covenant into Jerusalem. David wanted to build a permanent temple to God in Jerusalem to replace the Tabernacle. God denied this wish, but he showed his love for David by entering into a covenant with him that established his descendants as a dynasty (2 Sam 7).<\/p>\n<p>David’s life soon took a turn for the worse, however (see 2 Sam 11–12). At a time when he probably should have been on the battlefield with his army, he was lounging around on the palace roof. He saw a beautiful woman named Bathsheba taking a bath. He wanted her, so, like a Near Eastern despot, he took her. She became pregnant, and his attempt to cover up his adultery failed. In a desperate attempt to keep things secret, he had her husband, Uriah, killed. But not even a great king like David can keep secrets from God, and God sent his prophet Nathan to confront David. David repented (see Pss 32, 51), but the consequences of his actions plagued his family and the rest of his reign.<\/p>\n<p>From that point on, David’s family fell apart. David’s son Amnon raped his half sister Tamar (2 Sam 13:1-14). Her brother Absalom then murdered Amnon (2 Sam 13:20-29). Absalom later created a civil war as he tried to steal the throne from his father (2 Sam 15–18). Another son, Adonijah, tried to take the throne from David by having himself proclaimed king while his father was still alive (1 Kgs 1:5-10). But David was able to muster enough strength to ensure that Solomon would succeed him (1 Kgs 1:28-40). David died, Solomon was proclaimed king, and David’s long dynasty began (as promised in 2 Sam 7).<\/p>\n<p>David’s successors seldom measured up. Only rarely did his descendants lead the nation to worship God faithfully; the united monarchy did not even outlive Solomon. In the centuries that followed, the descendants of David ruled only Judah in the south. Eventually, the kingdom of Judah was destroyed. Never again did a descendant of David reign as king in Israel.<\/p>\n<p>What, then, of the promise to David that “your throne will be secure forever” (2 Sam 7:16)? The New Testament points to Jesus. He was the descendant of David, and God proclaimed him the Christ, or Messiah—the anointed king (see Matt 1:1; 9:27; 12:23; Mark 10:47-48; 11:10; 12:35-37; Luke 18:38-39; 20:41-44; John 7:42; Rev 5:5; 22:16). The life and rule of David foreshadows the messianic reign of Jesus Christ, which will last forever (see Luke 1:32-33; Rev 11:15).<\/p>\n<p><strong>Passages for Further Study<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Ruth 4:13-22; 1 Sam 16:1–17:58; 18:1–27:12; 29:1–30:31; 2 Sam 1:1–24:25; 1 Kgs 1:1–2:12; 1 Chr 11:1–29:30; Pss 1–32, 34–41, 51–71, 86, 91–110, 122, 124, 131, 133, 138–145; Matt 1:1; 9:27; 22:41-46; Mark 12:35-37; Luke 20:41-44; John 7:40-44; Acts 2:22-37; 13:20-43; Rom 1:3; Rev 22:16<\/p>","content_en":"<h3>David<\/h3>\n<p>David is one of the monumental figures of biblical history. His reign was a high point in God’s plan for Israel, and it had great and lasting significance.<\/p>\n<p>David was born in Bethlehem as Jesse’s youngest son; his lineage is traced back to Judah (Ruth 4:18-22; 1 Chr 2:3-15; Matt 1:3-6; Luke 3:31-33). At the time of his birth, Jerusalem was occupied by the Jebusites, and large parts of the Promised Land were still occupied by foreign people, most notably the Philistines. God would use David to complete the conquest of the land.<\/p>\n<p>As a youth, David was a simple shepherd, watching his father’s sheep (1 Sam 16:11; 17:14-15). His life took an unexpected turn when the prophet Samuel came to Jesse and anointed David as the next king of Israel. However, David’s kingship was not initiated by a coup or an assassination. In fact, David became a faithful servant to King Saul. David first entered Saul’s service as a musician, playing songs that soothed Saul’s tormented soul (16:14-23). This service anticipated David’s role as the composer of many of the psalms. The youthful David also helped Saul by famously defeating the Philistine champion Goliath in individual combat (17:32-51). This victory anticipated David’s role as a victorious military leader.<\/p>\n<p>Although David was loyal, Saul grew deeply suspicious of him, and David had to flee. He was able to escape with help from Saul’s own children, Jonathan and Michal. David led a virtual kingdom in exile. He had a standing army of six hundred men. The prophet Gad and the priest Abiathar were also with him, providing direction and guidance from the Lord.<\/p>\n<p>God’s long-suffering patience finally ran out with Saul, and Saul died on the battlefield. Yet it was still not easy for David to establish his rule over all Israel. The tribe of Judah immediately proclaimed him its king, but at first the northern tribes chose Ishbosheth, a son of Saul, to be their leader. Ishbosheth was not a powerful or good leader; he only stayed in power because of the protection of his father’s military leader, Abner. However, Ishbosheth foolishly insulted Abner, so the general helped turn the kingdom over to David.<\/p>\n<p>As king over a united Israel, David proceeded to solidify the kingdom. He and his men captured Jerusalem from the Jebusites and made this central city his capital. He also expelled the remaining Philistines from the land. He then brought the Ark of the Covenant into Jerusalem. David wanted to build a permanent temple to God in Jerusalem to replace the Tabernacle. God denied this wish, but he showed his love for David by entering into a covenant with him that established his descendants as a dynasty (2 Sam 7).<\/p>\n<p>David’s life soon took a turn for the worse, however (see 2 Sam 11–12). At a time when he probably should have been on the battlefield with his army, he was lounging around on the palace roof. He saw a beautiful woman named Bathsheba taking a bath. He wanted her, so, like a Near Eastern despot, he took her. She became pregnant, and his attempt to cover up his adultery failed. In a desperate attempt to keep things secret, he had her husband, Uriah, killed. But not even a great king like David can keep secrets from God, and God sent his prophet Nathan to confront David. David repented (see Pss 32, 51), but the consequences of his actions plagued his family and the rest of his reign.<\/p>\n<p>From that point on, David’s family fell apart. David’s son Amnon raped his half sister Tamar (2 Sam 13:1-14). Her brother Absalom then murdered Amnon (2 Sam 13:20-29). Absalom later created a civil war as he tried to steal the throne from his father (2 Sam 15–18). Another son, Adonijah, tried to take the throne from David by having himself proclaimed king while his father was still alive (1 Kgs 1:5-10). But David was able to muster enough strength to ensure that Solomon would succeed him (1 Kgs 1:28-40). David died, Solomon was proclaimed king, and David’s long dynasty began (as promised in 2 Sam 7).<\/p>\n<p>David’s successors seldom measured up. Only rarely did his descendants lead the nation to worship God faithfully; the united monarchy did not even outlive Solomon. In the centuries that followed, the descendants of David ruled only Judah in the south. Eventually, the kingdom of Judah was destroyed. Never again did a descendant of David reign as king in Israel.<\/p>\n<p>What, then, of the promise to David that “your throne will be secure forever” (2 Sam 7:16)? The New Testament points to Jesus. He was the descendant of David, and God proclaimed him the Christ, or Messiah—the anointed king (see Matt 1:1; 9:27; 12:23; Mark 10:47-48; 11:10; 12:35-37; Luke 18:38-39; 20:41-44; John 7:42; Rev 5:5; 22:16). The life and rule of David foreshadows the messianic reign of Jesus Christ, which will last forever (see Luke 1:32-33; Rev 11:15).<\/p>\n<p><strong>Passages for Further Study<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Ruth 4:13-22; 1 Sam 16:1–17:58; 18:1–27:12; 29:1–30:31; 2 Sam 1:1–24:25; 1 Kgs 1:1–2:12; 1 Chr 11:1–29:30; Pss 1–32, 34–41, 51–71, 86, 91–110, 122, 124, 131, 133, 138–145; Matt 1:1; 9:27; 22:41-46; Mark 12:35-37; Luke 20:41-44; John 7:40-44; Acts 2:22-37; 13:20-43; Rom 1:3; Rev 22:16<\/p>","summary_ro":"David David is one of the monumental figures of biblical history. His reign was a high point in God’s plan for Israel, and it had great and lasting significance. David was born in Bethlehem as Jesse’s youngest son; his lineage is traced back to Judah (Ruth 4:18-22; 1 Chr 2:3-15; Matt 1:3-6; Luke 3:31-33). At the time of his birth, Jerusalem was occupied by the Jebusites, and large parts of the Promised Land were still occupied by foreign people, most notably the Philistines. God would use Dav...","summary_en":"David David is one of the monumental figures of biblical history. His reign was a high point in God’s plan for Israel, and it had great and lasting significance. David was born in Bethlehem as Jesse’s youngest son; his lineage is traced back to Judah (Ruth 4:18-22; 1 Chr 2:3-15; Matt 1:3-6; Luke 3:31-33). At the time of his birth, Jerusalem was occupied by the Jebusites, and large parts of the Promised Land were still occupied by foreign people, most notably the Philistines. God would use Dav...","source":"Profiles.xml","external_url":null,"has_map":false,"has_picture":false},{"id":123645,"type":"profile","type_label":"Profil","type_icon":"👤","type_color":"#f59e0b","title_ro":"Judah","title_en":"Judah","content_ro":"<h3>Judah<\/h3>\n<p>Judah is remembered most often as the ancestor of King David and of Jesus Christ. Despite his birth as a middle child and his sins as an adult (Gen 38), God chose Judah to carry the line of King David (1 Chr 2:1-17; 3:1-24) and of the Messiah (Gen 49:8-12; Matt 1:1-16; Luke 3:23-34).<\/p>\n<p>Judah was the fourth of Jacob’s twelve sons (Gen 35:23; 1 Chr 2:1). Leah, overjoyed to have borne her fourth son, named him Judah, meaning “praise” (Gen 29:35). Judah fathered five sons: Er, Onan, and Shelah by Bathshua, a woman from Canaan (Gen 38:1-5; 1 Chr 2:3); and the twins, Perez and Zerah, by his daughter-in-law Tamar (Gen 38:27-30; 1 Chr 2:4). God killed his first two sons, Er and Onan, in Canaan for disobedience (Gen 46:12). Judah eventually settled his family in Egypt with his father and brothers (Exod 1:1-2).<\/p>\n<p>Though reckless in his behavior with Tamar (Gen 38:6-30), Judah took personal responsibility for Benjamin’s safety in Egypt and interceded with Joseph for his brothers (44:14-34). When Jacob gave his dying blessing, he granted Judah a position of leadership; the future kings of Israel would come through Judah’s offspring (see 49:10).<\/p>\n<p><strong>Passages for Further Study<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Gen 29:35; 37:26-27; 38:1-30; 43:1-10; 44:14-34; 46:28; 49:8-12; Ruth 4:12; 1 Chr 2:3-4; 5:2; Ps 108:8<\/p>","content_en":"<h3>Judah<\/h3>\n<p>Judah is remembered most often as the ancestor of King David and of Jesus Christ. Despite his birth as a middle child and his sins as an adult (Gen 38), God chose Judah to carry the line of King David (1 Chr 2:1-17; 3:1-24) and of the Messiah (Gen 49:8-12; Matt 1:1-16; Luke 3:23-34).<\/p>\n<p>Judah was the fourth of Jacob’s twelve sons (Gen 35:23; 1 Chr 2:1). Leah, overjoyed to have borne her fourth son, named him Judah, meaning “praise” (Gen 29:35). Judah fathered five sons: Er, Onan, and Shelah by Bathshua, a woman from Canaan (Gen 38:1-5; 1 Chr 2:3); and the twins, Perez and Zerah, by his daughter-in-law Tamar (Gen 38:27-30; 1 Chr 2:4). God killed his first two sons, Er and Onan, in Canaan for disobedience (Gen 46:12). Judah eventually settled his family in Egypt with his father and brothers (Exod 1:1-2).<\/p>\n<p>Though reckless in his behavior with Tamar (Gen 38:6-30), Judah took personal responsibility for Benjamin’s safety in Egypt and interceded with Joseph for his brothers (44:14-34). When Jacob gave his dying blessing, he granted Judah a position of leadership; the future kings of Israel would come through Judah’s offspring (see 49:10).<\/p>\n<p><strong>Passages for Further Study<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Gen 29:35; 37:26-27; 38:1-30; 43:1-10; 44:14-34; 46:28; 49:8-12; Ruth 4:12; 1 Chr 2:3-4; 5:2; Ps 108:8<\/p>","summary_ro":"Judah Judah is remembered most often as the ancestor of King David and of Jesus Christ. Despite his birth as a middle child and his sins as an adult (Gen 38), God chose Judah to carry the line of King David (1 Chr 2:1-17; 3:1-24) and of the Messiah (Gen 49:8-12; Matt 1:1-16; Luke 3:23-34). Judah was the fourth of Jacob’s twelve sons (Gen 35:23; 1 Chr 2:1). Leah, overjoyed to have borne her fourth son, named him Judah, meaning “praise” (Gen 29:35). Judah fathered five sons: Er, Onan, and Shela...","summary_en":"Judah Judah is remembered most often as the ancestor of King David and of Jesus Christ. Despite his birth as a middle child and his sins as an adult (Gen 38), God chose Judah to carry the line of King David (1 Chr 2:1-17; 3:1-24) and of the Messiah (Gen 49:8-12; Matt 1:1-16; Luke 3:23-34). Judah was the fourth of Jacob’s twelve sons (Gen 35:23; 1 Chr 2:1). Leah, overjoyed to have borne her fourth son, named him Judah, meaning “praise” (Gen 29:35). Judah fathered five sons: Er, Onan, and Shela...","source":"Profiles.xml","external_url":null,"has_map":false,"has_picture":false},{"id":124171,"type":"profile","type_label":"Profil","type_icon":"👤","type_color":"#f59e0b","title_ro":"David","title_en":"David","content_ro":"<h3>David<\/h3>\n<p>David is one of the monumental figures of biblical history. His reign was a high point in God’s plan for Israel, and it had great and lasting significance.<\/p>\n<p>David was born in Bethlehem as Jesse’s youngest son; his lineage is traced back to Judah (Ruth 4:18-22; 1 Chr 2:3-15; Matt 1:3-6; Luke 3:31-33). At the time of his birth, Jerusalem was occupied by the Jebusites, and large parts of the Promised Land were still occupied by foreign people, most notably the Philistines. God would use David to complete the conquest of the land.<\/p>\n<p>As a youth, David was a simple shepherd, watching his father’s sheep (1 Sam 16:11; 17:14-15). His life took an unexpected turn when the prophet Samuel came to Jesse and anointed David as the next king of Israel. However, David’s kingship was not initiated by a coup or an assassination. In fact, David became a faithful servant to King Saul. David first entered Saul’s service as a musician, playing songs that soothed Saul’s tormented soul (16:14-23). This service anticipated David’s role as the composer of many of the psalms. The youthful David also helped Saul by famously defeating the Philistine champion Goliath in individual combat (17:32-51). This victory anticipated David’s role as a victorious military leader.<\/p>\n<p>Although David was loyal, Saul grew deeply suspicious of him, and David had to flee. He was able to escape with help from Saul’s own children, Jonathan and Michal. David led a virtual kingdom in exile. He had a standing army of six hundred men. The prophet Gad and the priest Abiathar were also with him, providing direction and guidance from the Lord.<\/p>\n<p>God’s long-suffering patience finally ran out with Saul, and Saul died on the battlefield. Yet it was still not easy for David to establish his rule over all Israel. The tribe of Judah immediately proclaimed him its king, but at first the northern tribes chose Ishbosheth, a son of Saul, to be their leader. Ishbosheth was not a powerful or good leader; he only stayed in power because of the protection of his father’s military leader, Abner. However, Ishbosheth foolishly insulted Abner, so the general helped turn the kingdom over to David.<\/p>\n<p>As king over a united Israel, David proceeded to solidify the kingdom. He and his men captured Jerusalem from the Jebusites and made this central city his capital. He also expelled the remaining Philistines from the land. He then brought the Ark of the Covenant into Jerusalem. David wanted to build a permanent temple to God in Jerusalem to replace the Tabernacle. God denied this wish, but he showed his love for David by entering into a covenant with him that established his descendants as a dynasty (2 Sam 7).<\/p>\n<p>David’s life soon took a turn for the worse, however (see 2 Sam 11–12). At a time when he probably should have been on the battlefield with his army, he was lounging around on the palace roof. He saw a beautiful woman named Bathsheba taking a bath. He wanted her, so, like a Near Eastern despot, he took her. She became pregnant, and his attempt to cover up his adultery failed. In a desperate attempt to keep things secret, he had her husband, Uriah, killed. But not even a great king like David can keep secrets from God, and God sent his prophet Nathan to confront David. David repented (see Pss 32, 51), but the consequences of his actions plagued his family and the rest of his reign.<\/p>\n<p>From that point on, David’s family fell apart. David’s son Amnon raped his half sister Tamar (2 Sam 13:1-14). Her brother Absalom then murdered Amnon (2 Sam 13:20-29). Absalom later created a civil war as he tried to steal the throne from his father (2 Sam 15–18). Another son, Adonijah, tried to take the throne from David by having himself proclaimed king while his father was still alive (1 Kgs 1:5-10). But David was able to muster enough strength to ensure that Solomon would succeed him (1 Kgs 1:28-40). David died, Solomon was proclaimed king, and David’s long dynasty began (as promised in 2 Sam 7).<\/p>\n<p>David’s successors seldom measured up. Only rarely did his descendants lead the nation to worship God faithfully; the united monarchy did not even outlive Solomon. In the centuries that followed, the descendants of David ruled only Judah in the south. Eventually, the kingdom of Judah was destroyed. Never again did a descendant of David reign as king in Israel.<\/p>\n<p>What, then, of the promise to David that “your throne will be secure forever” (2 Sam 7:16)? The New Testament points to Jesus. He was the descendant of David, and God proclaimed him the Christ, or Messiah—the anointed king (see Matt 1:1; 9:27; 12:23; Mark 10:47-48; 11:10; 12:35-37; Luke 18:38-39; 20:41-44; John 7:42; Rev 5:5; 22:16). The life and rule of David foreshadows the messianic reign of Jesus Christ, which will last forever (see Luke 1:32-33; Rev 11:15).<\/p>\n<p><strong>Passages for Further Study<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Ruth 4:13-22; 1 Sam 16:1–17:58; 18:1–27:12; 29:1–30:31; 2 Sam 1:1–24:25; 1 Kgs 1:1–2:12; 1 Chr 11:1–29:30; Pss 1–32, 34–41, 51–71, 86, 91–110, 122, 124, 131, 133, 138–145; Matt 1:1; 9:27; 22:41-46; Mark 12:35-37; Luke 20:41-44; John 7:40-44; Acts 2:22-37; 13:20-43; Rom 1:3; Rev 22:16<\/p>","content_en":"<h3>David<\/h3>\n<p>David is one of the monumental figures of biblical history. His reign was a high point in God’s plan for Israel, and it had great and lasting significance.<\/p>\n<p>David was born in Bethlehem as Jesse’s youngest son; his lineage is traced back to Judah (Ruth 4:18-22; 1 Chr 2:3-15; Matt 1:3-6; Luke 3:31-33). At the time of his birth, Jerusalem was occupied by the Jebusites, and large parts of the Promised Land were still occupied by foreign people, most notably the Philistines. God would use David to complete the conquest of the land.<\/p>\n<p>As a youth, David was a simple shepherd, watching his father’s sheep (1 Sam 16:11; 17:14-15). His life took an unexpected turn when the prophet Samuel came to Jesse and anointed David as the next king of Israel. However, David’s kingship was not initiated by a coup or an assassination. In fact, David became a faithful servant to King Saul. David first entered Saul’s service as a musician, playing songs that soothed Saul’s tormented soul (16:14-23). This service anticipated David’s role as the composer of many of the psalms. The youthful David also helped Saul by famously defeating the Philistine champion Goliath in individual combat (17:32-51). This victory anticipated David’s role as a victorious military leader.<\/p>\n<p>Although David was loyal, Saul grew deeply suspicious of him, and David had to flee. He was able to escape with help from Saul’s own children, Jonathan and Michal. David led a virtual kingdom in exile. He had a standing army of six hundred men. The prophet Gad and the priest Abiathar were also with him, providing direction and guidance from the Lord.<\/p>\n<p>God’s long-suffering patience finally ran out with Saul, and Saul died on the battlefield. Yet it was still not easy for David to establish his rule over all Israel. The tribe of Judah immediately proclaimed him its king, but at first the northern tribes chose Ishbosheth, a son of Saul, to be their leader. Ishbosheth was not a powerful or good leader; he only stayed in power because of the protection of his father’s military leader, Abner. However, Ishbosheth foolishly insulted Abner, so the general helped turn the kingdom over to David.<\/p>\n<p>As king over a united Israel, David proceeded to solidify the kingdom. He and his men captured Jerusalem from the Jebusites and made this central city his capital. He also expelled the remaining Philistines from the land. He then brought the Ark of the Covenant into Jerusalem. David wanted to build a permanent temple to God in Jerusalem to replace the Tabernacle. God denied this wish, but he showed his love for David by entering into a covenant with him that established his descendants as a dynasty (2 Sam 7).<\/p>\n<p>David’s life soon took a turn for the worse, however (see 2 Sam 11–12). At a time when he probably should have been on the battlefield with his army, he was lounging around on the palace roof. He saw a beautiful woman named Bathsheba taking a bath. He wanted her, so, like a Near Eastern despot, he took her. She became pregnant, and his attempt to cover up his adultery failed. In a desperate attempt to keep things secret, he had her husband, Uriah, killed. But not even a great king like David can keep secrets from God, and God sent his prophet Nathan to confront David. David repented (see Pss 32, 51), but the consequences of his actions plagued his family and the rest of his reign.<\/p>\n<p>From that point on, David’s family fell apart. David’s son Amnon raped his half sister Tamar (2 Sam 13:1-14). Her brother Absalom then murdered Amnon (2 Sam 13:20-29). Absalom later created a civil war as he tried to steal the throne from his father (2 Sam 15–18). Another son, Adonijah, tried to take the throne from David by having himself proclaimed king while his father was still alive (1 Kgs 1:5-10). But David was able to muster enough strength to ensure that Solomon would succeed him (1 Kgs 1:28-40). David died, Solomon was proclaimed king, and David’s long dynasty began (as promised in 2 Sam 7).<\/p>\n<p>David’s successors seldom measured up. Only rarely did his descendants lead the nation to worship God faithfully; the united monarchy did not even outlive Solomon. In the centuries that followed, the descendants of David ruled only Judah in the south. Eventually, the kingdom of Judah was destroyed. Never again did a descendant of David reign as king in Israel.<\/p>\n<p>What, then, of the promise to David that “your throne will be secure forever” (2 Sam 7:16)? The New Testament points to Jesus. He was the descendant of David, and God proclaimed him the Christ, or Messiah—the anointed king (see Matt 1:1; 9:27; 12:23; Mark 10:47-48; 11:10; 12:35-37; Luke 18:38-39; 20:41-44; John 7:42; Rev 5:5; 22:16). The life and rule of David foreshadows the messianic reign of Jesus Christ, which will last forever (see Luke 1:32-33; Rev 11:15).<\/p>\n<p><strong>Passages for Further Study<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Ruth 4:13-22; 1 Sam 16:1–17:58; 18:1–27:12; 29:1–30:31; 2 Sam 1:1–24:25; 1 Kgs 1:1–2:12; 1 Chr 11:1–29:30; Pss 1–32, 34–41, 51–71, 86, 91–110, 122, 124, 131, 133, 138–145; Matt 1:1; 9:27; 22:41-46; Mark 12:35-37; Luke 20:41-44; John 7:40-44; Acts 2:22-37; 13:20-43; Rom 1:3; Rev 22:16<\/p>","summary_ro":"David David is one of the monumental figures of biblical history. His reign was a high point in God’s plan for Israel, and it had great and lasting significance. David was born in Bethlehem as Jesse’s youngest son; his lineage is traced back to Judah (Ruth 4:18-22; 1 Chr 2:3-15; Matt 1:3-6; Luke 3:31-33). At the time of his birth, Jerusalem was occupied by the Jebusites, and large parts of the Promised Land were still occupied by foreign people, most notably the Philistines. God would use Dav...","summary_en":"David David is one of the monumental figures of biblical history. His reign was a high point in God’s plan for Israel, and it had great and lasting significance. David was born in Bethlehem as Jesse’s youngest son; his lineage is traced back to Judah (Ruth 4:18-22; 1 Chr 2:3-15; Matt 1:3-6; Luke 3:31-33). At the time of his birth, Jerusalem was occupied by the Jebusites, and large parts of the Promised Land were still occupied by foreign people, most notably the Philistines. God would use Dav...","source":"Profiles.xml","external_url":null,"has_map":false,"has_picture":false},{"id":3975,"type":"article","type_label":"Articol","type_icon":"📖","type_color":"#d4af37","title_ro":"Bathshua","title_en":"Bathshua","content_ro":"<h3>BATHSHUA<\/h3>\n<li>1. Canaanite wife of Judah who bore him three sons: Er, Onan, and Shelah (Gn 38:2-5; 1 Chr 2:3).<\/li>\n<li>2. Alternate spelling of Bathsheba in 1 Chronicles 3:5. <em>See<\/em> Bathsheba.<\/li>","content_en":"<h3>BATHSHUA<\/h3>\n<li>1. Canaanite wife of Judah who bore him three sons: Er, Onan, and Shelah (Gn 38:2-5; 1 Chr 2:3).<\/li>\n<li>2. Alternate spelling of Bathsheba in 1 Chronicles 3:5. <em>See<\/em> Bathsheba.<\/li>","summary_ro":"BATHSHUA 1. Canaanite wife of Judah who bore him three sons: Er, Onan, and Shelah (Gn 38:2-5; 1 Chr 2:3). 2. Alternate spelling of Bathsheba in 1 Chronicles 3:5. See Bathsheba.","summary_en":"BATHSHUA 1. Canaanite wife of Judah who bore him three sons: Er, Onan, and Shelah (Gn 38:2-5; 1 Chr 2:3). 2. Alternate spelling of Bathsheba in 1 Chronicles 3:5. See Bathsheba.","source":"Articles\/B.xml","external_url":null,"has_map":false,"has_picture":false},{"id":8701,"type":"article","type_label":"Articol","type_icon":"📖","type_color":"#d4af37","title_ro":"David","title_en":"David","content_ro":"<h3>DAVID<\/h3>\n<p>Israel’s most important king. David’s kingdom represented the epitome of Israel’s power and influence during the nation’s OT history.<\/p>\n<p>The two books in the OT devoted to David’s reign are 2 Samuel and 1 Chronicles. His earlier years are recorded in 1 Samuel, beginning at chapter 16. Almost half of the biblical psalms are ascribed to David. His importance extends into the NT, where he is identified as an ancestor of Jesus Christ and forerunner of the messianic king.<\/p>\n<p>Preview<\/p>\n<p>• Early Years<\/p>\n<p>• Preparation for Kingship<\/p>\n<p>• David as King<\/p>\n<p>David’s Lasting Influence<\/p>\n<p class=\"h2\" id=\"EarlyYears\">Early Years<\/p>\n<h5>Family<\/h5>\n<p>David was the youngest son in Jesse’s family, part of Judah’s tribe. The family lived in Bethlehem, about six miles (10 kilometers) south of Jerusalem. His great-grandmother was Ruth, from the land of Moab (Ru 4:18-22). Genealogies in both the OT and the NT trace David’s lineage back to Judah, son of the patriarch Jacob (1 Chr 2:3-15; Mt 1:3-6; Lk 3:31-33).<\/p>\n<h5>Training and Talents<\/h5>\n<p>Little is known about David’s early life. As a boy, he took care of his father’s sheep, risking his life to kill attacking bears and lions. Later, David publicly acknowledged God’s help and strength in protecting the flocks under his care (1 Sm 17:34-37).<\/p>\n<p>David was an accomplished musician. He had developed his ability as a harpist so well that, when a musician was needed at the royal court of King Saul, someone immediately recommended David.<\/p>\n<p>In Jesse’s family, David was regarded as unimportant. When the nationally known prophet Samuel visited Jesse’s home, all the older sons were on hand to meet him; David was tending the sheep. Samuel had been instructed by God to anoint a king from Jesse’s family, not knowing beforehand which son to anoint. Sensing divine restraint as seven brothers passed before him, he made further inquiry. When he learned that Jesse had one other son, David was immediately summoned. David was anointed by Samuel and endowed with the Spirit of the Lord (1 Sm 16:1-13). Whatever Jesse and his family understood by that anointing, it seems to have made no immediate change in David’s pattern of living. He continued to tend the sheep.<\/p>\n<p class=\"h2\" id=\"PreparationforKingship\">Preparation for Kingship<\/p>\n<p>During his youth, David was willing to serve others, even though he had been anointed king. It was his willingness to take supplies to three of his older brothers in the army that gave him his opportunity for national fame.<\/p>\n<p>As a young man, David was also sensitive toward God. While greeting his brothers on the battlefield, he was disturbed by the Philistine Goliath’s defiance of God’s armies. Although rebuked by his brothers, David accepted the challenge to take on Goliath. He had a reasonable confidence that God, who had helped him encounter a lion and a bear, would aid him against a champion warrior. So, with faith in God and using his ability to sling stones, David killed Goliath (1 Sm 17:12-58).<\/p>\n<h5>National Fame<\/h5>\n<p>Killing Goliath made David a hero to the nation of Israel. It also brought him into close relationship with the royal family of Saul. But success and national acclaim brought on the jealousy of Saul and ultimately resulted in David’s expulsion from the land of Israel.<\/p>\n<h5>In the Royal Court<\/h5>\n<p>Saul promised his oldest daughter, Merab, to David in marriage, but then Saul went back on the promise and offered David another daughter, Michal. The dowry of trophies from dead Philistines demanded by Saul was designed to bring about David’s death at Philistine hands. But again David was victorious. Women sang praises of his exploits, intensifying Saul’s jealousy and further endangering David’s life (1 Sm 18:6-30).<\/p>\n<p>In the meantime, David and Saul’s son Jonathan developed a deep friendship. When they made a covenant, Jonathan gave David his choicest military equipment (sword, bow, and belt). Although Saul tried to turn Jonathan against David, the friendship deepened. Because Saul was trying to kill him, David had to flee from the court and live as a fugitive.<\/p>\n<p>After Jonathan had warned David of Saul’s continuing designs on his life, David went to Ramah to see the prophet Samuel. Together they went to Naioth, near Ramah. After sending several groups of men after David, Saul finally went with them himself. All his attempts to seize David were thwarted by the Spirit of God, who caused Saul and his men to prophesy all night in religious fervor (1 Sm 19).<\/p>\n<p>Conferring again with Jonathan, David realized that Saul’s jealousy had developed into hatred. Jonathan, aware that David would be the future king of Israel, requested assurance that his descendants would receive protection under David’s rule (1 Sm 20).<\/p>\n<h5>Life as a Fugitive<\/h5>\n<p>Fleeing from Saul, David stopped at Nob. By deceiving Ahimelech, who was officiating as priest there, David obtained food supplies and Goliath’s sword (kept as a trophy). An Edomite named Doeg, chief of Saul’s herdsmen, saw what happened at Nob. David continued his flight, taking refuge temporarily in Gath with King Achish (1 Sm 21), then finding shelter in the cave of Adullam, located 10 miles (16.1 kilometers) southwest of Bethlehem. There his relatives and about 400 fighting men joined him. He went to Mizpeh in Moab, appealing to the Moabite king for protection, especially for his parents. When the prophet Gad warned him not to stay there, David moved back to Judah to the Hereth woods (1 Sm 22:1-5).<\/p>\n<p>David’s freedom of movement enraged Saul, who charged his own people with conspiracy. When Doeg reported what he had witnessed at Nob, Saul executed Ahimelech and 84 other priests, then massacred all of Nob’s inhabitants. One priest named Abiathar escaped to report Saul’s atrocities to David, who assured him of protection (1 Sm 22:6-23).<\/p>\n<p>The Philistines were always ready to take advantage of any weakness in Israel. David’s reprisal after a Philistine raid on Keilah, 12 miles (19.3 kilometers) southwest of Bethlehem, gave Saul an opportunity to attack David, who escaped to the wilderness of Ziph, a desert area near Hebron. David and Jonathan met for the last time in that wilderness. Pursued by Saul’s army, David fled still farther south. He was almost encircled in uninhabited country near Maon when Saul had to march his army off to respond to a Philistine attack (1 Sm 23).<\/p>\n<p>At his next place of refuge, En-gedi, on the western shore of the Dead Sea, David was attacked by Saul with 3,000 soldiers. David had an opportunity to kill Saul but refused to harm the “Lord’s anointed” king of Israel. Learning of David’s loyalty, Saul confessed his sin in seeking David’s life (1 Sm 24).<\/p>\n<p>During the years they roamed the wilderness in the Maon\/Ziph\/En-gedi area, David’s band provided protection for Nabal, a rich man living in Maon with large flocks of sheep at Carmel. In exchange for that protection, David proposed that Nabal share some of his wealth. Nabal’s scorn angered David, but Nabal’s wife, Abigail, appealed to David not to take revenge. When Abigail told Nabal of his narrow escape, he was evidently so shocked that he had a heart seizure. He died ten days later, and Abigail later became David’s wife (1 Sm 25).<\/p>\n<p>Once more Saul came with an army of 3,000 men into the Ziph Desert to find David, and David again passed up an opportunity to harm the king. Finally realizing the folly of seeking David’s life, Saul abandoned pursuit (1 Sm 26).<\/p>\n<h5>Refuge in Philistia<\/h5>\n<p>David continued to feel unsafe in Saul’s kingdom. Returning to Gath in Philistine country, he was welcomed by King Achish. His followers were allotted the city of Ziklag, where they lived for about 16 months, attracting new recruits from Judah and the rest of Israel (1 Sm 27; 1 Chr 12:19-22).<\/p>\n<p>The Philistine army, marching up to the Megiddo Valley to fight Saul’s army, was uneasy with David’s guerrillas in their rear column, so the commanders put pressure on Achish to dismiss David. When he returned to Ziklag, David found that the city had just been raided by the Amalekites. He pursued the enemy, rescued his people and goods, and divided the spoils with those who had remained behind to guard the supplies (1 Sm 29–30). Meanwhile, the Philistines routed the Israelites at Mt Gilboa, killing Jonathan and two of Saul’s other sons in a fierce battle. Saul, badly wounded, killed himself with his own sword (ch 31).<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"h2\" id=\"DavidasKing\">David as King<\/p>\n<p>David ruled over Israel for about 40 years, although the accounts of his reign do not contain enough information for an exact chronology. He began his rule at Hebron and reigned over Judah’s territory for seven or eight years. With the death of Saul’s successor, Ishbosheth, David was recognized as king by all the tribes and made Jerusalem his capital. During the next decade, he unified Israel through military and economic expansion. Then came approximately 10 years of disruption in the royal family. The last years of David’s reign seem to have been devoted to plans for the Jerusalem temple, which was built in the reign of his son Solomon.<\/p>\n<h5>The Years in Hebron<\/h5>\n<p>David was subjected to an unusually rugged period of training for his kingship. Serving under Saul, he gained experience in military exploits against the Philistines. Then, during his fugitive wanderings in the desert area of southern Judah, he ingratiated himself with the landholders and sheep raisers by giving them protection. Being recognized as an outlaw of Israel even enabled him to negotiate diplomatic relations with Moab and Philistia.<\/p>\n<p>David was in Philistine country when news came to him that both Saul and Jonathan had been slain. In a beautiful elegy he paid tribute to his friend Jonathan as well as to King Saul (2 Sm 1).<\/p>\n<p>Sure of God’s guidance, David returned to his home, where the leaders of Judah anointed him king at Hebron. He sent a message of commendation to the men of Jabesh for providing a respectable burial for King Saul, probably also bidding for their support.<\/p>\n<p>Confusion probably swept through Israel when Saul was killed, because the Philistines occupied much of the land. Various leaders gathered whatever fighting men they could find, as old tribal loyalties reasserted themselves. David had most of Judah’s tribe firmly behind him.<\/p>\n<p>A kind of civil war broke out between the followers of David and those of Saul, with David gaining the allegiance of more and more people. Saul’s general, Abner, eventually negotiated peace with David, who requested the restoration of Michal as his wife, indicating that he held no animosity toward Saul’s dynasty. With the consent of Saul’s son Ishbosheth, whom Abner had enthroned as king, Abner went to Hebron and pledged Israel’s support for David. But Abner was killed by Joab, one of David’s captains, in a family vendetta, and soon afterward Ishbosheth was assassinated. David publicly mourned Abner’s death and had Ishbosheth’s two murderers executed. Thus, when Saul’s dynasty ended, David was seen by the people not so much as a challenger but as a logical successor. Hence, he was recognized as king by all Israel (2 Sm 2–4).<\/p>\n<h5>Consolidation in Jerusalem<\/h5>\n<p>When the Israelites turned to David as king, the Philistines became alarmed and attacked (2 Sm 5; 1 Chr 14:8-17). David was strong enough to defeat them and thus unify the people of Israel.<\/p>\n<p>In search of a more central location for his capital, David turned toward the city of Jerusalem, a Jebusite stronghold. Joab responded to his challenge to conquer the city and was rewarded by being made general of David’s army. Jerusalem became known as the “city of David” (1 Chr 11:4-9).<\/p>\n<p>In the same way that he had organized his earliest followers into an effective guerrilla band (1 Chr 11:1–12:22) at Hebron, David began organizing the whole nation (12:23-40). Once established in Jerusalem, he quickly gained recognition from the Phoenicians, contracting for their artisans to build him a magnificent palace in the new capital (14:1-2). He also made sure that Jerusalem would become Israel’s religious center (2 Sm 6; 1 Chr 13–16). His abortive attempt to move the ark of the covenant by oxcart (cf. Nm 4) reminded the powerful king that he still had to do things God’s way to be successful.<\/p>\n<p>With Jerusalem well established as the nation’s capital, David intended to build God a temple. He shared his plan with the prophet Nathan, whose immediate response was positive. That night, however, God sent a message via Nathan that David should not build the temple. David’s throne would be established eternally, the prophet said, and unlike Saul, King David would have a son to succeed him and perpetuate the kingdom; that son would build the temple (2 Sm 7; 1 Chr 17).<\/p>\n<h5>Prosperity and Supremacy<\/h5>\n<p>Little is recorded about the expansion of David’s rule from the tribal area of Judah to a vast empire stretching from the Nile River of Egypt to regions of the Tigris-Euphrates valley. Nothing in secular history negates the biblical perspective that David had the most powerful kingdom in the heart of that “Fertile Crescent” about 1000 <span>BC<\/span>.<\/p>\n<p>It is likely that skirmishes with the Philistines to the west were frequent until they finally became subservient to David and paid him tribute. In Saul’s day the Philistines had enjoyed a monopoly on the use of iron (1 Sm 13:19-21). The fact that David freely used iron near the end of his reign (1 Chr 22:3) hints at profound economic changes in Israel.<\/p>\n<p>David’s kingdom expanded southward as he built military garrisons in Edomite territory. Beyond Edom, he controlled the Moabites and Amalekites, who paid him tribute in silver and gold. To the northeast, Israelite domination was extended over the Ammonites and the Arameans, whose capital was Damascus. David’s treatment of both friends and enemies seemed to contribute to the strength of his kingdom (2 Sm 8–10). Although he was a brilliant military strategist who used all the means and resources available to bring Israel success, David was humble enough to glorify God (2 Sm 22; see Ps 18).<\/p>\n<h5>Sin in the Royal Family<\/h5>\n<p>A lengthy section of the book of 2 Samuel (chs 11–20) gives a remarkably frank account of sin, crime, and rebellion in David’s family. The king’s own imperfections are clearly portrayed; the king of Israel himself could not escape God’s judgement when he did wrong.<\/p>\n<p>Although polygamy was then a Near Eastern status symbol, it was forbidden for a king of Israel (Dt 17:17). David practiced polygamy, however; some of his marriages undoubtedly had political implications (such as his marriages to Saul’s daughter Michal and to princess Maacah of Geshur). Flagrant sins of incest, murder, and rebellion in his family brought David much suffering and almost cost him the throne.<\/p>\n<p>David’s sin of adultery with Bathsheba, committed at the height of his military success and territorial expansion, led him further into evil: he planned a strategy to have Bathsheba’s husband, Uriah, killed on the front line of battle. David seems to have excluded God from consideration in that segment of his personal life. Yet when the prophet Nathan confronted the king with his sins, David acknowledged his guilt. He confessed his sin and pleaded with God for forgiveness (as in Pss 32 and 51). God forgave him, but for nearly ten years David endured the consequences of his lack of self-restraint and his failure to exercise discipline in his family. Although unsurpassed in military and diplomatic strategy, David lacked strength of character in his domestic affairs. Evil fermented in his own house; the father’s self-indulgence was soon reflected in Amnon’s crime of incest, followed by Absalom’s murder of his brother.<\/p>\n<p>Having incurred his father’s disfavor, Absalom took refuge in Geshur with his mother’s people for three years. Joab, David’s general, was eventually able to reconcile David with his alienated son. Absalom, however, having taken advantage of his position in the royal family to gain a following, went to Hebron, staged a surprise rebellion, and proclaimed himself king throughout Israel. His strong following posed such a threat that David fled from Jerusalem. David, still a master strategist, gained time through a ruse to organize his forces and put down his son’s rebellion. Absalom was killed while trying to flee; his death plunged David into grief.<\/p>\n<p>On his return to Jerusalem, David had to work at undoing the damage caused by Absalom’s revolt. His own tribe of Judah, for example, had supported Absalom. Another rebellion, fomented by Sheba of Benjamin’s tribe, had to be suppressed by Joab before the nation could settle down.<\/p>\n<h5>David’s Last Years<\/h5>\n<p>Although David was not permitted to build the temple in Jerusalem, he made extensive preparations for that project during the last years of his reign. He stockpiled materials and organized the kingdom for efficient use of domestic and foreign labor. He also outlined details for religious worship in the new structure (1 Chr 21–29).<\/p>\n<p>The military and civic organization developed by David was probably patterned after Egyptian practice. The army, rigidly controlled by officers of proven loyalty to the king, included mercenaries. The king also appointed trusted supervisors over farms, livestock, and orchards in various parts of his empire (1 Chr 27:25-31).<\/p>\n<p>David took, or at least began, a census of Israel (2 Sm 24; 1 Chr 21). The incompleteness of the accounts leaves unanswered such questions as the reason for God’s punishment. The king overruled Joab’s objection and insisted that the census be taken. Since David later seemed keenly aware that he had sinned in taking the census, it may be that he was motivated by pride to ascertain his exact military strength (approx. 1.5 million men). God may also have been judging the people for their support of the rebellions of Absalom and Sheba.<\/p>\n<p>Through the prophet Gad, David was given a choice of punishments for his sin. He chose a three-day pestilence. As David and the elders repented, they saw an angel on the threshing floor of the Jebusite Ornan (Araunah). David offered sacrifice there and prayed for his people. Later he purchased the threshing floor, located just outside the city of Jerusalem, concluding that it should be the site for the temple to be built by his son Solomon (1 Chr 21:28–22:1).<\/p>\n<p class=\"h2\" id=\"DavidsLastingInfluence\">David’s Lasting Influence<\/p>\n<h5>The Writer of Psalms<\/h5>\n<p>The OT book of Psalms became one of the most popular books in ancient Israel, and has remained so among countless millions of people throughout the centuries. These words of praise prepared by David were intended for use in the temple worship (2 Chr 29:30). The 73 psalms ascribed to David generally grew out of his own relationship to God and to other persons.<\/p>\n\n<p>David probably compiled Book I of the book of Psalms (1–41) and Book IV (90–106), since most of those psalms were written by David himself. Other psalms of his (Pss 51–71) are in Book II (42–72), which was probably compiled by Solomon. As those psalms were used for worship in later generations, various people added others until the time of Ezra.<\/p>\n<p>David’s psalms provided much of the poetry that was set to music for Israel’s worship. His organization of the priests and Levites and his provision of instruments for worship (2 Chr 7:6; 8:14) set the pattern for generations to come in the religious life of Israel.<\/p>\n<h5>David in the Writings of the Prophets<\/h5>\n<p>David, recognized as the greatest Israelite king, is often mentioned as a standard of comparison in the writings of the OT prophets. Isaiah (as in Is 7:2, 13; 22:22) and Jeremiah often referred to their contemporary kings as belonging to the “house” or “throne” of David. Contrasting David with some of his descendants who did not honor God, both Isaiah and Jeremiah predicted a messianic ruler who would establish justice and righteousness on the throne of David forever (Is 9:7; Jer 33:15). When Isaiah described the coming ruler, he identified him as being from the lineage of Jesse, David’s father (Is 11:1-10). Predicting a period of universal peace, Isaiah saw the capital in “Zion,” identified with the city of David (2:1-4).<\/p>\n<p>Ezekiel promised the restoration of David as king in an eschatological and messianic sense (Ez 37:24-25), and of “my servant David” as Israel’s shepherd (34:23). Hosea likewise identified the future ruler as King David (Hos 3:5). Amos assured the people that God would restore the “tabernacle” of David (Am 9:11) so that they could again dwell in safety. Zechariah referred five times to the “house of David” (in Zec 12–13, <span>rsv<\/span>), encouraging the hope of a restoration of David’s glorious dynasty. The concept of the eternal throne promised to David during his reign was delineated in the message of the prophets even while they were announcing judgments to come on the rulers and people of their time.<\/p>\n<h5>David in the New Testament<\/h5>\n<p>David is frequently mentioned by the Gospel writers, who established Jesus’ identity as the “son of David.” The covenant God made with David was that an eternal king would come from David’s family (Mt 1:1; 9:27; 12:23; Mk 10:48; 12:35; Lk 18:38-39; 20:41). According to Mark 11:10 and John 7:42, the Jews of Jesus’ day expected the Messiah (Christ) to be a descendant of David. While stating that Jesus came from the lineage of David, the Gospels also clearly teach that Jesus was the Son of God (Mt 22:41-45; Mk 12:35-37; Lk 20:41-44).<\/p>\n<p>In the book of Acts, David is recognized as the recipient of God’s promises that were fulfilled in Jesus Christ. David is also seen as a prophet whom the Holy Spirit inspired to write the psalms (Acts 1:16; 2:22-36; 4:25; 13:26-39).<\/p>\n<p>In the book of Revelation, Jesus is designated as having the “key of David” (Rv 3:7), and as being “the Lion of the tribe of Judah, the Root of David” (5:5). Jesus is quoted as asserting that “I am the root and the offspring of David, the bright morning star” (22:16).<\/p>\n<p><em>See also<\/em> Christology; Chronology of the Bible (Old Testament); Israel, History of; King; Kingdom of God, Kingdom of Heaven; Messiah.<\/p>","content_en":"<h3>DAVID<\/h3>\n<p>Israel’s most important king. David’s kingdom represented the epitome of Israel’s power and influence during the nation’s OT history.<\/p>\n<p>The two books in the OT devoted to David’s reign are 2 Samuel and 1 Chronicles. His earlier years are recorded in 1 Samuel, beginning at chapter 16. Almost half of the biblical psalms are ascribed to David. His importance extends into the NT, where he is identified as an ancestor of Jesus Christ and forerunner of the messianic king.<\/p>\n<p>Preview<\/p>\n<p>• Early Years<\/p>\n<p>• Preparation for Kingship<\/p>\n<p>• David as King<\/p>\n<p>David’s Lasting Influence<\/p>\n<p class=\"h2\" id=\"EarlyYears\">Early Years<\/p>\n<h5>Family<\/h5>\n<p>David was the youngest son in Jesse’s family, part of Judah’s tribe. The family lived in Bethlehem, about six miles (10 kilometers) south of Jerusalem. His great-grandmother was Ruth, from the land of Moab (Ru 4:18-22). Genealogies in both the OT and the NT trace David’s lineage back to Judah, son of the patriarch Jacob (1 Chr 2:3-15; Mt 1:3-6; Lk 3:31-33).<\/p>\n<h5>Training and Talents<\/h5>\n<p>Little is known about David’s early life. As a boy, he took care of his father’s sheep, risking his life to kill attacking bears and lions. Later, David publicly acknowledged God’s help and strength in protecting the flocks under his care (1 Sm 17:34-37).<\/p>\n<p>David was an accomplished musician. He had developed his ability as a harpist so well that, when a musician was needed at the royal court of King Saul, someone immediately recommended David.<\/p>\n<p>In Jesse’s family, David was regarded as unimportant. When the nationally known prophet Samuel visited Jesse’s home, all the older sons were on hand to meet him; David was tending the sheep. Samuel had been instructed by God to anoint a king from Jesse’s family, not knowing beforehand which son to anoint. Sensing divine restraint as seven brothers passed before him, he made further inquiry. When he learned that Jesse had one other son, David was immediately summoned. David was anointed by Samuel and endowed with the Spirit of the Lord (1 Sm 16:1-13). Whatever Jesse and his family understood by that anointing, it seems to have made no immediate change in David’s pattern of living. He continued to tend the sheep.<\/p>\n<p class=\"h2\" id=\"PreparationforKingship\">Preparation for Kingship<\/p>\n<p>During his youth, David was willing to serve others, even though he had been anointed king. It was his willingness to take supplies to three of his older brothers in the army that gave him his opportunity for national fame.<\/p>\n<p>As a young man, David was also sensitive toward God. While greeting his brothers on the battlefield, he was disturbed by the Philistine Goliath’s defiance of God’s armies. Although rebuked by his brothers, David accepted the challenge to take on Goliath. He had a reasonable confidence that God, who had helped him encounter a lion and a bear, would aid him against a champion warrior. So, with faith in God and using his ability to sling stones, David killed Goliath (1 Sm 17:12-58).<\/p>\n<h5>National Fame<\/h5>\n<p>Killing Goliath made David a hero to the nation of Israel. It also brought him into close relationship with the royal family of Saul. But success and national acclaim brought on the jealousy of Saul and ultimately resulted in David’s expulsion from the land of Israel.<\/p>\n<h5>In the Royal Court<\/h5>\n<p>Saul promised his oldest daughter, Merab, to David in marriage, but then Saul went back on the promise and offered David another daughter, Michal. The dowry of trophies from dead Philistines demanded by Saul was designed to bring about David’s death at Philistine hands. But again David was victorious. Women sang praises of his exploits, intensifying Saul’s jealousy and further endangering David’s life (1 Sm 18:6-30).<\/p>\n<p>In the meantime, David and Saul’s son Jonathan developed a deep friendship. When they made a covenant, Jonathan gave David his choicest military equipment (sword, bow, and belt). Although Saul tried to turn Jonathan against David, the friendship deepened. Because Saul was trying to kill him, David had to flee from the court and live as a fugitive.<\/p>\n<p>After Jonathan had warned David of Saul’s continuing designs on his life, David went to Ramah to see the prophet Samuel. Together they went to Naioth, near Ramah. After sending several groups of men after David, Saul finally went with them himself. All his attempts to seize David were thwarted by the Spirit of God, who caused Saul and his men to prophesy all night in religious fervor (1 Sm 19).<\/p>\n<p>Conferring again with Jonathan, David realized that Saul’s jealousy had developed into hatred. Jonathan, aware that David would be the future king of Israel, requested assurance that his descendants would receive protection under David’s rule (1 Sm 20).<\/p>\n<h5>Life as a Fugitive<\/h5>\n<p>Fleeing from Saul, David stopped at Nob. By deceiving Ahimelech, who was officiating as priest there, David obtained food supplies and Goliath’s sword (kept as a trophy). An Edomite named Doeg, chief of Saul’s herdsmen, saw what happened at Nob. David continued his flight, taking refuge temporarily in Gath with King Achish (1 Sm 21), then finding shelter in the cave of Adullam, located 10 miles (16.1 kilometers) southwest of Bethlehem. There his relatives and about 400 fighting men joined him. He went to Mizpeh in Moab, appealing to the Moabite king for protection, especially for his parents. When the prophet Gad warned him not to stay there, David moved back to Judah to the Hereth woods (1 Sm 22:1-5).<\/p>\n<p>David’s freedom of movement enraged Saul, who charged his own people with conspiracy. When Doeg reported what he had witnessed at Nob, Saul executed Ahimelech and 84 other priests, then massacred all of Nob’s inhabitants. One priest named Abiathar escaped to report Saul’s atrocities to David, who assured him of protection (1 Sm 22:6-23).<\/p>\n<p>The Philistines were always ready to take advantage of any weakness in Israel. David’s reprisal after a Philistine raid on Keilah, 12 miles (19.3 kilometers) southwest of Bethlehem, gave Saul an opportunity to attack David, who escaped to the wilderness of Ziph, a desert area near Hebron. David and Jonathan met for the last time in that wilderness. Pursued by Saul’s army, David fled still farther south. He was almost encircled in uninhabited country near Maon when Saul had to march his army off to respond to a Philistine attack (1 Sm 23).<\/p>\n<p>At his next place of refuge, En-gedi, on the western shore of the Dead Sea, David was attacked by Saul with 3,000 soldiers. David had an opportunity to kill Saul but refused to harm the “Lord’s anointed” king of Israel. Learning of David’s loyalty, Saul confessed his sin in seeking David’s life (1 Sm 24).<\/p>\n<p>During the years they roamed the wilderness in the Maon\/Ziph\/En-gedi area, David’s band provided protection for Nabal, a rich man living in Maon with large flocks of sheep at Carmel. In exchange for that protection, David proposed that Nabal share some of his wealth. Nabal’s scorn angered David, but Nabal’s wife, Abigail, appealed to David not to take revenge. When Abigail told Nabal of his narrow escape, he was evidently so shocked that he had a heart seizure. He died ten days later, and Abigail later became David’s wife (1 Sm 25).<\/p>\n<p>Once more Saul came with an army of 3,000 men into the Ziph Desert to find David, and David again passed up an opportunity to harm the king. Finally realizing the folly of seeking David’s life, Saul abandoned pursuit (1 Sm 26).<\/p>\n<h5>Refuge in Philistia<\/h5>\n<p>David continued to feel unsafe in Saul’s kingdom. Returning to Gath in Philistine country, he was welcomed by King Achish. His followers were allotted the city of Ziklag, where they lived for about 16 months, attracting new recruits from Judah and the rest of Israel (1 Sm 27; 1 Chr 12:19-22).<\/p>\n<p>The Philistine army, marching up to the Megiddo Valley to fight Saul’s army, was uneasy with David’s guerrillas in their rear column, so the commanders put pressure on Achish to dismiss David. When he returned to Ziklag, David found that the city had just been raided by the Amalekites. He pursued the enemy, rescued his people and goods, and divided the spoils with those who had remained behind to guard the supplies (1 Sm 29–30). Meanwhile, the Philistines routed the Israelites at Mt Gilboa, killing Jonathan and two of Saul’s other sons in a fierce battle. Saul, badly wounded, killed himself with his own sword (ch 31).<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"h2\" id=\"DavidasKing\">David as King<\/p>\n<p>David ruled over Israel for about 40 years, although the accounts of his reign do not contain enough information for an exact chronology. He began his rule at Hebron and reigned over Judah’s territory for seven or eight years. With the death of Saul’s successor, Ishbosheth, David was recognized as king by all the tribes and made Jerusalem his capital. During the next decade, he unified Israel through military and economic expansion. Then came approximately 10 years of disruption in the royal family. The last years of David’s reign seem to have been devoted to plans for the Jerusalem temple, which was built in the reign of his son Solomon.<\/p>\n<h5>The Years in Hebron<\/h5>\n<p>David was subjected to an unusually rugged period of training for his kingship. Serving under Saul, he gained experience in military exploits against the Philistines. Then, during his fugitive wanderings in the desert area of southern Judah, he ingratiated himself with the landholders and sheep raisers by giving them protection. Being recognized as an outlaw of Israel even enabled him to negotiate diplomatic relations with Moab and Philistia.<\/p>\n<p>David was in Philistine country when news came to him that both Saul and Jonathan had been slain. In a beautiful elegy he paid tribute to his friend Jonathan as well as to King Saul (2 Sm 1).<\/p>\n<p>Sure of God’s guidance, David returned to his home, where the leaders of Judah anointed him king at Hebron. He sent a message of commendation to the men of Jabesh for providing a respectable burial for King Saul, probably also bidding for their support.<\/p>\n<p>Confusion probably swept through Israel when Saul was killed, because the Philistines occupied much of the land. Various leaders gathered whatever fighting men they could find, as old tribal loyalties reasserted themselves. David had most of Judah’s tribe firmly behind him.<\/p>\n<p>A kind of civil war broke out between the followers of David and those of Saul, with David gaining the allegiance of more and more people. Saul’s general, Abner, eventually negotiated peace with David, who requested the restoration of Michal as his wife, indicating that he held no animosity toward Saul’s dynasty. With the consent of Saul’s son Ishbosheth, whom Abner had enthroned as king, Abner went to Hebron and pledged Israel’s support for David. But Abner was killed by Joab, one of David’s captains, in a family vendetta, and soon afterward Ishbosheth was assassinated. David publicly mourned Abner’s death and had Ishbosheth’s two murderers executed. Thus, when Saul’s dynasty ended, David was seen by the people not so much as a challenger but as a logical successor. Hence, he was recognized as king by all Israel (2 Sm 2–4).<\/p>\n<h5>Consolidation in Jerusalem<\/h5>\n<p>When the Israelites turned to David as king, the Philistines became alarmed and attacked (2 Sm 5; 1 Chr 14:8-17). David was strong enough to defeat them and thus unify the people of Israel.<\/p>\n<p>In search of a more central location for his capital, David turned toward the city of Jerusalem, a Jebusite stronghold. Joab responded to his challenge to conquer the city and was rewarded by being made general of David’s army. Jerusalem became known as the “city of David” (1 Chr 11:4-9).<\/p>\n<p>In the same way that he had organized his earliest followers into an effective guerrilla band (1 Chr 11:1–12:22) at Hebron, David began organizing the whole nation (12:23-40). Once established in Jerusalem, he quickly gained recognition from the Phoenicians, contracting for their artisans to build him a magnificent palace in the new capital (14:1-2). He also made sure that Jerusalem would become Israel’s religious center (2 Sm 6; 1 Chr 13–16). His abortive attempt to move the ark of the covenant by oxcart (cf. Nm 4) reminded the powerful king that he still had to do things God’s way to be successful.<\/p>\n<p>With Jerusalem well established as the nation’s capital, David intended to build God a temple. He shared his plan with the prophet Nathan, whose immediate response was positive. That night, however, God sent a message via Nathan that David should not build the temple. David’s throne would be established eternally, the prophet said, and unlike Saul, King David would have a son to succeed him and perpetuate the kingdom; that son would build the temple (2 Sm 7; 1 Chr 17).<\/p>\n<h5>Prosperity and Supremacy<\/h5>\n<p>Little is recorded about the expansion of David’s rule from the tribal area of Judah to a vast empire stretching from the Nile River of Egypt to regions of the Tigris-Euphrates valley. Nothing in secular history negates the biblical perspective that David had the most powerful kingdom in the heart of that “Fertile Crescent” about 1000 <span>BC<\/span>.<\/p>\n<p>It is likely that skirmishes with the Philistines to the west were frequent until they finally became subservient to David and paid him tribute. In Saul’s day the Philistines had enjoyed a monopoly on the use of iron (1 Sm 13:19-21). The fact that David freely used iron near the end of his reign (1 Chr 22:3) hints at profound economic changes in Israel.<\/p>\n<p>David’s kingdom expanded southward as he built military garrisons in Edomite territory. Beyond Edom, he controlled the Moabites and Amalekites, who paid him tribute in silver and gold. To the northeast, Israelite domination was extended over the Ammonites and the Arameans, whose capital was Damascus. David’s treatment of both friends and enemies seemed to contribute to the strength of his kingdom (2 Sm 8–10). Although he was a brilliant military strategist who used all the means and resources available to bring Israel success, David was humble enough to glorify God (2 Sm 22; see Ps 18).<\/p>\n<h5>Sin in the Royal Family<\/h5>\n<p>A lengthy section of the book of 2 Samuel (chs 11–20) gives a remarkably frank account of sin, crime, and rebellion in David’s family. The king’s own imperfections are clearly portrayed; the king of Israel himself could not escape God’s judgement when he did wrong.<\/p>\n<p>Although polygamy was then a Near Eastern status symbol, it was forbidden for a king of Israel (Dt 17:17). David practiced polygamy, however; some of his marriages undoubtedly had political implications (such as his marriages to Saul’s daughter Michal and to princess Maacah of Geshur). Flagrant sins of incest, murder, and rebellion in his family brought David much suffering and almost cost him the throne.<\/p>\n<p>David’s sin of adultery with Bathsheba, committed at the height of his military success and territorial expansion, led him further into evil: he planned a strategy to have Bathsheba’s husband, Uriah, killed on the front line of battle. David seems to have excluded God from consideration in that segment of his personal life. Yet when the prophet Nathan confronted the king with his sins, David acknowledged his guilt. He confessed his sin and pleaded with God for forgiveness (as in Pss 32 and 51). God forgave him, but for nearly ten years David endured the consequences of his lack of self-restraint and his failure to exercise discipline in his family. Although unsurpassed in military and diplomatic strategy, David lacked strength of character in his domestic affairs. Evil fermented in his own house; the father’s self-indulgence was soon reflected in Amnon’s crime of incest, followed by Absalom’s murder of his brother.<\/p>\n<p>Having incurred his father’s disfavor, Absalom took refuge in Geshur with his mother’s people for three years. Joab, David’s general, was eventually able to reconcile David with his alienated son. Absalom, however, having taken advantage of his position in the royal family to gain a following, went to Hebron, staged a surprise rebellion, and proclaimed himself king throughout Israel. His strong following posed such a threat that David fled from Jerusalem. David, still a master strategist, gained time through a ruse to organize his forces and put down his son’s rebellion. Absalom was killed while trying to flee; his death plunged David into grief.<\/p>\n<p>On his return to Jerusalem, David had to work at undoing the damage caused by Absalom’s revolt. His own tribe of Judah, for example, had supported Absalom. Another rebellion, fomented by Sheba of Benjamin’s tribe, had to be suppressed by Joab before the nation could settle down.<\/p>\n<h5>David’s Last Years<\/h5>\n<p>Although David was not permitted to build the temple in Jerusalem, he made extensive preparations for that project during the last years of his reign. He stockpiled materials and organized the kingdom for efficient use of domestic and foreign labor. He also outlined details for religious worship in the new structure (1 Chr 21–29).<\/p>\n<p>The military and civic organization developed by David was probably patterned after Egyptian practice. The army, rigidly controlled by officers of proven loyalty to the king, included mercenaries. The king also appointed trusted supervisors over farms, livestock, and orchards in various parts of his empire (1 Chr 27:25-31).<\/p>\n<p>David took, or at least began, a census of Israel (2 Sm 24; 1 Chr 21). The incompleteness of the accounts leaves unanswered such questions as the reason for God’s punishment. The king overruled Joab’s objection and insisted that the census be taken. Since David later seemed keenly aware that he had sinned in taking the census, it may be that he was motivated by pride to ascertain his exact military strength (approx. 1.5 million men). God may also have been judging the people for their support of the rebellions of Absalom and Sheba.<\/p>\n<p>Through the prophet Gad, David was given a choice of punishments for his sin. He chose a three-day pestilence. As David and the elders repented, they saw an angel on the threshing floor of the Jebusite Ornan (Araunah). David offered sacrifice there and prayed for his people. Later he purchased the threshing floor, located just outside the city of Jerusalem, concluding that it should be the site for the temple to be built by his son Solomon (1 Chr 21:28–22:1).<\/p>\n<p class=\"h2\" id=\"DavidsLastingInfluence\">David’s Lasting Influence<\/p>\n<h5>The Writer of Psalms<\/h5>\n<p>The OT book of Psalms became one of the most popular books in ancient Israel, and has remained so among countless millions of people throughout the centuries. These words of praise prepared by David were intended for use in the temple worship (2 Chr 29:30). The 73 psalms ascribed to David generally grew out of his own relationship to God and to other persons.<\/p>\n\n<p>David probably compiled Book I of the book of Psalms (1–41) and Book IV (90–106), since most of those psalms were written by David himself. Other psalms of his (Pss 51–71) are in Book II (42–72), which was probably compiled by Solomon. As those psalms were used for worship in later generations, various people added others until the time of Ezra.<\/p>\n<p>David’s psalms provided much of the poetry that was set to music for Israel’s worship. His organization of the priests and Levites and his provision of instruments for worship (2 Chr 7:6; 8:14) set the pattern for generations to come in the religious life of Israel.<\/p>\n<h5>David in the Writings of the Prophets<\/h5>\n<p>David, recognized as the greatest Israelite king, is often mentioned as a standard of comparison in the writings of the OT prophets. Isaiah (as in Is 7:2, 13; 22:22) and Jeremiah often referred to their contemporary kings as belonging to the “house” or “throne” of David. Contrasting David with some of his descendants who did not honor God, both Isaiah and Jeremiah predicted a messianic ruler who would establish justice and righteousness on the throne of David forever (Is 9:7; Jer 33:15). When Isaiah described the coming ruler, he identified him as being from the lineage of Jesse, David’s father (Is 11:1-10). Predicting a period of universal peace, Isaiah saw the capital in “Zion,” identified with the city of David (2:1-4).<\/p>\n<p>Ezekiel promised the restoration of David as king in an eschatological and messianic sense (Ez 37:24-25), and of “my servant David” as Israel’s shepherd (34:23). Hosea likewise identified the future ruler as King David (Hos 3:5). Amos assured the people that God would restore the “tabernacle” of David (Am 9:11) so that they could again dwell in safety. Zechariah referred five times to the “house of David” (in Zec 12–13, <span>rsv<\/span>), encouraging the hope of a restoration of David’s glorious dynasty. The concept of the eternal throne promised to David during his reign was delineated in the message of the prophets even while they were announcing judgments to come on the rulers and people of their time.<\/p>\n<h5>David in the New Testament<\/h5>\n<p>David is frequently mentioned by the Gospel writers, who established Jesus’ identity as the “son of David.” The covenant God made with David was that an eternal king would come from David’s family (Mt 1:1; 9:27; 12:23; Mk 10:48; 12:35; Lk 18:38-39; 20:41). According to Mark 11:10 and John 7:42, the Jews of Jesus’ day expected the Messiah (Christ) to be a descendant of David. While stating that Jesus came from the lineage of David, the Gospels also clearly teach that Jesus was the Son of God (Mt 22:41-45; Mk 12:35-37; Lk 20:41-44).<\/p>\n<p>In the book of Acts, David is recognized as the recipient of God’s promises that were fulfilled in Jesus Christ. David is also seen as a prophet whom the Holy Spirit inspired to write the psalms (Acts 1:16; 2:22-36; 4:25; 13:26-39).<\/p>\n<p>In the book of Revelation, Jesus is designated as having the “key of David” (Rv 3:7), and as being “the Lion of the tribe of Judah, the Root of David” (5:5). Jesus is quoted as asserting that “I am the root and the offspring of David, the bright morning star” (22:16).<\/p>\n<p><em>See also<\/em> Christology; Chronology of the Bible (Old Testament); Israel, History of; King; Kingdom of God, Kingdom of Heaven; Messiah.<\/p>","summary_ro":"DAVID Israel’s most important king. David’s kingdom represented the epitome of Israel’s power and influence during the nation’s OT history. The two books in the OT devoted to David’s reign are 2 Samuel and 1 Chronicles. His earlier years are recorded in 1 Samuel, beginning at chapter 16. Almost half of the biblical psalms are ascribed to David. His importance extends into the NT, where he is identified as an ancestor of Jesus Christ and forerunner of the messianic king. Preview • Early Years ...","summary_en":"DAVID Israel’s most important king. David’s kingdom represented the epitome of Israel’s power and influence during the nation’s OT history. The two books in the OT devoted to David’s reign are 2 Samuel and 1 Chronicles. His earlier years are recorded in 1 Samuel, beginning at chapter 16. Almost half of the biblical psalms are ascribed to David. His importance extends into the NT, where he is identified as an ancestor of Jesus Christ and forerunner of the messianic king. Preview • Early Years ...","source":"Articles\/D.xml","external_url":null,"has_map":false,"has_picture":false},{"id":11030,"type":"article","type_label":"Articol","type_icon":"📖","type_color":"#d4af37","title_ro":"Er","title_en":"Er","content_ro":"<h3>ER<\/h3>\n<li>1. Eldest son of Judah and Bathshua, a Canaanite woman (Gn 38:3). The Lord killed him before he and his wife, Tamar, could have any children (Gn 38:7; 46:12; 1 Chr 2:3).<\/li>\n<li>2. Grandson of Judah and father of Lecah (1 Chr 4:21); a nephew of #1 above.<\/li>\n<li>3. Joshua’s son and an ancestor of Joseph, the husband of Mary (Lk 3:28). <em>See<\/em> Genealogy of Jesus Christ.<\/li>","content_en":"<h3>ER<\/h3>\n<li>1. Eldest son of Judah and Bathshua, a Canaanite woman (Gn 38:3). The Lord killed him before he and his wife, Tamar, could have any children (Gn 38:7; 46:12; 1 Chr 2:3).<\/li>\n<li>2. Grandson of Judah and father of Lecah (1 Chr 4:21); a nephew of #1 above.<\/li>\n<li>3. Joshua’s son and an ancestor of Joseph, the husband of Mary (Lk 3:28). <em>See<\/em> Genealogy of Jesus Christ.<\/li>","summary_ro":"ER 1. Eldest son of Judah and Bathshua, a Canaanite woman (Gn 38:3). The Lord killed him before he and his wife, Tamar, could have any children (Gn 38:7; 46:12; 1 Chr 2:3). 2. Grandson of Judah and father of Lecah (1 Chr 4:21); a nephew of #1 above. 3. Joshua’s son and an ancestor of Joseph, the husband of Mary (Lk 3:28). See Genealogy of Jesus Christ.","summary_en":"ER 1. Eldest son of Judah and Bathshua, a Canaanite woman (Gn 38:3). The Lord killed him before he and his wife, Tamar, could have any children (Gn 38:7; 46:12; 1 Chr 2:3). 2. Grandson of Judah and father of Lecah (1 Chr 4:21); a nephew of #1 above. 3. Joshua’s son and an ancestor of Joseph, the husband of Mary (Lk 3:28). See Genealogy of Jesus Christ.","source":"Articles\/E.xml","external_url":null,"has_map":false,"has_picture":false},{"id":20995,"type":"article","type_label":"Articol","type_icon":"📖","type_color":"#d4af37","title_ro":"Judah (Person)","title_en":"Judah (Person)","content_ro":"<h3>JUDAH (P<span>erson<\/span>)<\/h3>\n<li>1. Fourth of Jacob’s 12 sons (Gn 35:23; 1 Chr 2:1) and the fourth son born to Jacob by Leah, who, overjoyed with the thought of bearing Jacob another son, named him Judah, meaning “praise” (Gn 29:35). Judah fathered five sons: Er, Onan, and Shelah by Bathshua the Canaanitess (Gn 38:3-5; 1 Chr 2:3); and the twins Perez and Zerah by Tamar, his daughter-in-law (Gn 38:29-30; 1 Chr 2:4). He eventually settled his family in Egypt with his father and brothers (Ex 1:2), although his first two sons, Er and Onan, were divinely killed in Canaan for their disobedience (Gn 46:12). Judah became the founder of one of Israel’s 12 tribes (Nm 1:26-27).<\/li>\n<p>Though reckless in his behavior with Tamar (Gn 38:6-30), Judah showed firm resolve in taking personal responsibility for Benjamin’s safety in Egypt and acting as intercessor for his brothers before Joseph (44:14-18). At the time of Jacob’s blessing, Judah was granted the birthright privileges of the firstborn; the leadership of Jacob’s family would come through Judah’s seed, as would the promised Messiah of Abraham’s covenant (49:8-12). Later, Judah’s family was praised at the time of Ruth’s engagement to Boaz (Ru 4:12), and both the Davidic lines of kings (1 Chr 2:1-15; 3:1-24) and Jesus Christ’s ancestors traced their descent from Judah (Mt 1:2-3; Lk 3:33).<\/p>\n<p><em>See also<\/em> Genealogy of Jesus Christ; Judah, Tribe of.<\/p>\n<li>2. Forefather of a family of Levites who assisted Jeshua, the high priest, with rebuilding the temple during the postexilic era (Ezr 3:9, <span>nlt<\/span> mg). He is alternately called Hodaviah in Ezra 2:40 and Hodevah in Nehemiah 7:43. <em>See<\/em> Hodaviah #4.<\/li>\n<li>3. One of the Levites who was encouraged by Ezra to divorce his foreign wife (Ezr 10:23).<\/li>\n<li>4. Benjamite, son of Hassenuah, who was second in command over the city of Jerusalem during the days of Nehemiah (Neh 11:9).<\/li>\n<li>5. One of the leaders of the Levites who returned with Zerubbabel and Jeshua to Judah after the exile (Neh 12:8).<\/li>\n<li>6. One of the princes of Judah who participated in the dedication of the Jerusalem wall during the postexilic period (Neh 12:34).<\/li>\n<li>7. One of the priests who played a musical instrument at the dedication of the Jerusalem wall during the days of Nehemiah (Neh 12:36). He is perhaps identical with #5 above.<\/li>\n<li>8. Joseph’s son, father of Simeon and an ancestor of Jesus Christ (Lk 3:30). <em>See<\/em> Genealogy of Jesus Christ.<\/li>","content_en":"<h3>JUDAH (P<span>erson<\/span>)<\/h3>\n<li>1. Fourth of Jacob’s 12 sons (Gn 35:23; 1 Chr 2:1) and the fourth son born to Jacob by Leah, who, overjoyed with the thought of bearing Jacob another son, named him Judah, meaning “praise” (Gn 29:35). Judah fathered five sons: Er, Onan, and Shelah by Bathshua the Canaanitess (Gn 38:3-5; 1 Chr 2:3); and the twins Perez and Zerah by Tamar, his daughter-in-law (Gn 38:29-30; 1 Chr 2:4). He eventually settled his family in Egypt with his father and brothers (Ex 1:2), although his first two sons, Er and Onan, were divinely killed in Canaan for their disobedience (Gn 46:12). Judah became the founder of one of Israel’s 12 tribes (Nm 1:26-27).<\/li>\n<p>Though reckless in his behavior with Tamar (Gn 38:6-30), Judah showed firm resolve in taking personal responsibility for Benjamin’s safety in Egypt and acting as intercessor for his brothers before Joseph (44:14-18). At the time of Jacob’s blessing, Judah was granted the birthright privileges of the firstborn; the leadership of Jacob’s family would come through Judah’s seed, as would the promised Messiah of Abraham’s covenant (49:8-12). Later, Judah’s family was praised at the time of Ruth’s engagement to Boaz (Ru 4:12), and both the Davidic lines of kings (1 Chr 2:1-15; 3:1-24) and Jesus Christ’s ancestors traced their descent from Judah (Mt 1:2-3; Lk 3:33).<\/p>\n<p><em>See also<\/em> Genealogy of Jesus Christ; Judah, Tribe of.<\/p>\n<li>2. Forefather of a family of Levites who assisted Jeshua, the high priest, with rebuilding the temple during the postexilic era (Ezr 3:9, <span>nlt<\/span> mg). He is alternately called Hodaviah in Ezra 2:40 and Hodevah in Nehemiah 7:43. <em>See<\/em> Hodaviah #4.<\/li>\n<li>3. One of the Levites who was encouraged by Ezra to divorce his foreign wife (Ezr 10:23).<\/li>\n<li>4. Benjamite, son of Hassenuah, who was second in command over the city of Jerusalem during the days of Nehemiah (Neh 11:9).<\/li>\n<li>5. One of the leaders of the Levites who returned with Zerubbabel and Jeshua to Judah after the exile (Neh 12:8).<\/li>\n<li>6. One of the princes of Judah who participated in the dedication of the Jerusalem wall during the postexilic period (Neh 12:34).<\/li>\n<li>7. One of the priests who played a musical instrument at the dedication of the Jerusalem wall during the days of Nehemiah (Neh 12:36). He is perhaps identical with #5 above.<\/li>\n<li>8. Joseph’s son, father of Simeon and an ancestor of Jesus Christ (Lk 3:30). <em>See<\/em> Genealogy of Jesus Christ.<\/li>","summary_ro":"JUDAH (Person) 1. Fourth of Jacob’s 12 sons (Gn 35:23; 1 Chr 2:1) and the fourth son born to Jacob by Leah, who, overjoyed with the thought of bearing Jacob another son, named him Judah, meaning “praise” (Gn 29:35). Judah fathered five sons: Er, Onan, and Shelah by Bathshua the Canaanitess (Gn 38:3-5; 1 Chr 2:3); and the twins Perez and Zerah by Tamar, his daughter-in-law (Gn 38:29-30; 1 Chr 2:4). He eventually settled his family in Egypt with his father and brothers (Ex 1:2), although his fi...","summary_en":"JUDAH (Person) 1. Fourth of Jacob’s 12 sons (Gn 35:23; 1 Chr 2:1) and the fourth son born to Jacob by Leah, who, overjoyed with the thought of bearing Jacob another son, named him Judah, meaning “praise” (Gn 29:35). Judah fathered five sons: Er, Onan, and Shelah by Bathshua the Canaanitess (Gn 38:3-5; 1 Chr 2:3); and the twins Perez and Zerah by Tamar, his daughter-in-law (Gn 38:29-30; 1 Chr 2:4). He eventually settled his family in Egypt with his father and brothers (Ex 1:2), although his fi...","source":"Articles\/J.xml","external_url":null,"has_map":false,"has_picture":false},{"id":28461,"type":"article","type_label":"Articol","type_icon":"📖","type_color":"#d4af37","title_ro":"Onan","title_en":"Onan","content_ro":"<h3>ONAN<\/h3>\n<p>Second son of Judah and a Canaanitess named Shua (Gn 38:4-10; 46:12; Nm 26:19; 1 Chr 2:3). Judah forced him to enter into a levirate marriage with Tamar, the wife of his deceased brother, Er. Er and Tamar had no children. Onan refused to have children by Tamar, knowing that they would be heirs to his brother’s estate. As a result of Onan’s refusal to raise up descendants for his brother, the Lord punished him with death (Gn 38:8-10).<\/p>","content_en":"<h3>ONAN<\/h3>\n<p>Second son of Judah and a Canaanitess named Shua (Gn 38:4-10; 46:12; Nm 26:19; 1 Chr 2:3). Judah forced him to enter into a levirate marriage with Tamar, the wife of his deceased brother, Er. Er and Tamar had no children. Onan refused to have children by Tamar, knowing that they would be heirs to his brother’s estate. As a result of Onan’s refusal to raise up descendants for his brother, the Lord punished him with death (Gn 38:8-10).<\/p>","summary_ro":"ONAN Second son of Judah and a Canaanitess named Shua (Gn 38:4-10; 46:12; Nm 26:19; 1 Chr 2:3). Judah forced him to enter into a levirate marriage with Tamar, the wife of his deceased brother, Er. Er and Tamar had no children. Onan refused to have children by Tamar, knowing that they would be heirs to his brother’s estate. As a result of Onan’s refusal to raise up descendants for his brother, the Lord punished him with death (Gn 38:8-10).","summary_en":"ONAN Second son of Judah and a Canaanitess named Shua (Gn 38:4-10; 46:12; Nm 26:19; 1 Chr 2:3). Judah forced him to enter into a levirate marriage with Tamar, the wife of his deceased brother, Er. Er and Tamar had no children. Onan refused to have children by Tamar, knowing that they would be heirs to his brother’s estate. As a result of Onan’s refusal to raise up descendants for his brother, the Lord punished him with death (Gn 38:8-10).","source":"Articles\/O.xml","external_url":null,"has_map":false,"has_picture":false},{"id":34819,"type":"article","type_label":"Articol","type_icon":"📖","type_color":"#d4af37","title_ro":"Shelah","title_en":"Shelah","content_ro":"<h3>SHELAH<\/h3>\n<li>1. Arphaxad’s son and the father of Eber (Gn 10:24; 11:12-15; 1 Chr 1:18). Shelah is listed in Luke’s genealogy of Christ as the son of Cainan the son of Arphaxad (Lk 3:35). <em>See<\/em> Genealogy of Jesus Christ.<\/li>\n<li>2. Judah’s third son by Bathshua the Canaanitess. He was born at Kezib, a small town in Judah (Gn 38:5; 1 Chr 2:3). Shelah founded the Shelanite family (Nm 26:20), which should possibly be read instead of “Shilonite” in Nehemiah 11:5; 1 Chronicles 9:5.<\/li>","content_en":"<h3>SHELAH<\/h3>\n<li>1. Arphaxad’s son and the father of Eber (Gn 10:24; 11:12-15; 1 Chr 1:18). Shelah is listed in Luke’s genealogy of Christ as the son of Cainan the son of Arphaxad (Lk 3:35). <em>See<\/em> Genealogy of Jesus Christ.<\/li>\n<li>2. Judah’s third son by Bathshua the Canaanitess. He was born at Kezib, a small town in Judah (Gn 38:5; 1 Chr 2:3). Shelah founded the Shelanite family (Nm 26:20), which should possibly be read instead of “Shilonite” in Nehemiah 11:5; 1 Chronicles 9:5.<\/li>","summary_ro":"SHELAH 1. Arphaxad’s son and the father of Eber (Gn 10:24; 11:12-15; 1 Chr 1:18). Shelah is listed in Luke’s genealogy of Christ as the son of Cainan the son of Arphaxad (Lk 3:35). See Genealogy of Jesus Christ. 2. Judah’s third son by Bathshua the Canaanitess. He was born at Kezib, a small town in Judah (Gn 38:5; 1 Chr 2:3). Shelah founded the Shelanite family (Nm 26:20), which should possibly be read instead of “Shilonite” in Nehemiah 11:5; 1 Chronicles 9:5.","summary_en":"SHELAH 1. Arphaxad’s son and the father of Eber (Gn 10:24; 11:12-15; 1 Chr 1:18). Shelah is listed in Luke’s genealogy of Christ as the son of Cainan the son of Arphaxad (Lk 3:35). See Genealogy of Jesus Christ. 2. Judah’s third son by Bathshua the Canaanitess. He was born at Kezib, a small town in Judah (Gn 38:5; 1 Chr 2:3). Shelah founded the Shelanite family (Nm 26:20), which should possibly be read instead of “Shilonite” in Nehemiah 11:5; 1 Chronicles 9:5.","source":"Articles\/S.xml","external_url":null,"has_map":false,"has_picture":false},{"id":47543,"type":"study_note","type_label":"Notă de studiu","type_icon":"📝","type_color":"#06b6d4","title_ro":"Notă de studiu: 1 Cronici 2:3","title_en":"Study Note: 1 Cronici 2:3","content_ro":"<p><strong>2:3–4:23<\/strong> While the genealogies present the entire people of Israel (2:1-2), David’s ancestors in the tribe of Judah receive priority.<\/p>","content_en":"<p><strong>2:3–4:23<\/strong> While the genealogies present the entire people of Israel (2:1-2), David’s ancestors in the tribe of Judah receive priority.<\/p>","summary_ro":"2:3–4:23 While the genealogies present the entire people of Israel (2:1-2), David’s ancestors in the tribe of Judah receive priority.","summary_en":"2:3–4:23 While the genealogies present the entire people of Israel (2:1-2), David’s ancestors in the tribe of Judah receive priority.","source":"StudyNotes.xml","external_url":null,"has_map":false,"has_picture":false},{"id":47544,"type":"study_note","type_label":"Notă de studiu","type_icon":"📝","type_color":"#06b6d4","title_ro":"Notă de studiu: 1 Cronici 2:3","title_en":"Study Note: 1 Cronici 2:3","content_ro":"<p><strong>2:3-8<\/strong> The genealogy of Judah is as comprehensive as possible, recording peripheral material as the background to the main line of David’s ancestors. Cp. Gen 46:12.<\/p>","content_en":"<p><strong>2:3-8<\/strong> The genealogy of Judah is as comprehensive as possible, recording peripheral material as the background to the main line of David’s ancestors. Cp. Gen 46:12.<\/p>","summary_ro":"2:3-8 The genealogy of Judah is as comprehensive as possible, recording peripheral material as the background to the main line of David’s ancestors. Cp. Gen 46:12.","summary_en":"2:3-8 The genealogy of Judah is as comprehensive as possible, recording peripheral material as the background to the main line of David’s ancestors. Cp. Gen 46:12.","source":"StudyNotes.xml","external_url":null,"has_map":false,"has_picture":false},{"id":47545,"type":"study_note","type_label":"Notă de studiu","type_icon":"📝","type_color":"#06b6d4","title_ro":"Notă de studiu: 1 Cronici 2:3","title_en":"Study Note: 1 Cronici 2:3","content_ro":"<p><strong>2:3<\/strong> <em>Er<\/em> and <em>Onan<\/em><em>,<\/em> the first two sons of Judah, were destroyed because of their sin (Gen 38:6-10). The descendants of <em>Shelah<\/em> are listed as an appendix at the end of the genealogies of Judah (1 Chr 4:21-23).<\/p>","content_en":"<p><strong>2:3<\/strong> <em>Er<\/em> and <em>Onan<\/em><em>,<\/em> the first two sons of Judah, were destroyed because of their sin (Gen 38:6-10). The descendants of <em>Shelah<\/em> are listed as an appendix at the end of the genealogies of Judah (1 Chr 4:21-23).<\/p>","summary_ro":"2:3 Er and Onan, the first two sons of Judah, were destroyed because of their sin (Gen 38:6-10). The descendants of Shelah are listed as an appendix at the end of the genealogies of Judah (1 Chr 4:21-23).","summary_en":"2:3 Er and Onan, the first two sons of Judah, were destroyed because of their sin (Gen 38:6-10). The descendants of Shelah are listed as an appendix at the end of the genealogies of Judah (1 Chr 4:21-23).","source":"StudyNotes.xml","external_url":null,"has_map":false,"has_picture":false},{"id":75169,"type":"study_note","type_label":"Notă de studiu","type_icon":"📝","type_color":"#06b6d4","title_ro":"Notă de studiu: 1 Cronici 2:3","title_en":"Study Note: 1 Cronici 2:3","content_ro":"<p><strong>2:3–4:23<\/strong> While the genealogies present the entire people of Israel (2:1-2), David’s ancestors in the tribe of Judah receive priority.<\/p>","content_en":"<p><strong>2:3–4:23<\/strong> While the genealogies present the entire people of Israel (2:1-2), David’s ancestors in the tribe of Judah receive priority.<\/p>","summary_ro":"2:3–4:23 While the genealogies present the entire people of Israel (2:1-2), David’s ancestors in the tribe of Judah receive priority.","summary_en":"2:3–4:23 While the genealogies present the entire people of Israel (2:1-2), David’s ancestors in the tribe of Judah receive priority.","source":"StudyNotes.xml","external_url":null,"has_map":false,"has_picture":false},{"id":75170,"type":"study_note","type_label":"Notă de studiu","type_icon":"📝","type_color":"#06b6d4","title_ro":"Notă de studiu: 1 Cronici 2:3","title_en":"Study Note: 1 Cronici 2:3","content_ro":"<p><strong>2:3-8<\/strong> The genealogy of Judah is as comprehensive as possible, recording peripheral material as the background to the main line of David’s ancestors. Cp. Gen 46:12.<\/p>","content_en":"<p><strong>2:3-8<\/strong> The genealogy of Judah is as comprehensive as possible, recording peripheral material as the background to the main line of David’s ancestors. Cp. Gen 46:12.<\/p>","summary_ro":"2:3-8 The genealogy of Judah is as comprehensive as possible, recording peripheral material as the background to the main line of David’s ancestors. Cp. Gen 46:12.","summary_en":"2:3-8 The genealogy of Judah is as comprehensive as possible, recording peripheral material as the background to the main line of David’s ancestors. Cp. Gen 46:12.","source":"StudyNotes.xml","external_url":null,"has_map":false,"has_picture":false},{"id":75171,"type":"study_note","type_label":"Notă de studiu","type_icon":"📝","type_color":"#06b6d4","title_ro":"Notă de studiu: 1 Cronici 2:3","title_en":"Study Note: 1 Cronici 2:3","content_ro":"<p><strong>2:3<\/strong> <em>Er<\/em> and <em>Onan<\/em><em>,<\/em> the first two sons of Judah, were destroyed because of their sin (Gen 38:6-10). The descendants of <em>Shelah<\/em> are listed as an appendix at the end of the genealogies of Judah (1 Chr 4:21-23).<\/p>","content_en":"<p><strong>2:3<\/strong> <em>Er<\/em> and <em>Onan<\/em><em>,<\/em> the first two sons of Judah, were destroyed because of their sin (Gen 38:6-10). The descendants of <em>Shelah<\/em> are listed as an appendix at the end of the genealogies of Judah (1 Chr 4:21-23).<\/p>","summary_ro":"2:3 Er and Onan, the first two sons of Judah, were destroyed because of their sin (Gen 38:6-10). The descendants of Shelah are listed as an appendix at the end of the genealogies of Judah (1 Chr 4:21-23).","summary_en":"2:3 Er and Onan, the first two sons of Judah, were destroyed because of their sin (Gen 38:6-10). The descendants of Shelah are listed as an appendix at the end of the genealogies of Judah (1 Chr 4:21-23).","source":"StudyNotes.xml","external_url":null,"has_map":false,"has_picture":false},{"id":102795,"type":"study_note","type_label":"Notă de studiu","type_icon":"📝","type_color":"#06b6d4","title_ro":"Notă de studiu: 1 Cronici 2:3","title_en":"Study Note: 1 Cronici 2:3","content_ro":"<p><strong>2:3–4:23<\/strong> While the genealogies present the entire people of Israel (2:1-2), David’s ancestors in the tribe of Judah receive priority.<\/p>","content_en":"<p><strong>2:3–4:23<\/strong> While the genealogies present the entire people of Israel (2:1-2), David’s ancestors in the tribe of Judah receive priority.<\/p>","summary_ro":"2:3–4:23 While the genealogies present the entire people of Israel (2:1-2), David’s ancestors in the tribe of Judah receive priority.","summary_en":"2:3–4:23 While the genealogies present the entire people of Israel (2:1-2), David’s ancestors in the tribe of Judah receive priority.","source":"StudyNotes.xml","external_url":null,"has_map":false,"has_picture":false},{"id":102796,"type":"study_note","type_label":"Notă de studiu","type_icon":"📝","type_color":"#06b6d4","title_ro":"Notă de studiu: 1 Cronici 2:3","title_en":"Study Note: 1 Cronici 2:3","content_ro":"<p><strong>2:3-8<\/strong> The genealogy of Judah is as comprehensive as possible, recording peripheral material as the background to the main line of David’s ancestors. Cp. Gen 46:12.<\/p>","content_en":"<p><strong>2:3-8<\/strong> The genealogy of Judah is as comprehensive as possible, recording peripheral material as the background to the main line of David’s ancestors. Cp. Gen 46:12.<\/p>","summary_ro":"2:3-8 The genealogy of Judah is as comprehensive as possible, recording peripheral material as the background to the main line of David’s ancestors. Cp. Gen 46:12.","summary_en":"2:3-8 The genealogy of Judah is as comprehensive as possible, recording peripheral material as the background to the main line of David’s ancestors. Cp. Gen 46:12.","source":"StudyNotes.xml","external_url":null,"has_map":false,"has_picture":false},{"id":102797,"type":"study_note","type_label":"Notă de studiu","type_icon":"📝","type_color":"#06b6d4","title_ro":"Notă de studiu: 1 Cronici 2:3","title_en":"Study Note: 1 Cronici 2:3","content_ro":"<p><strong>2:3<\/strong> <em>Er<\/em> and <em>Onan<\/em><em>,<\/em> the first two sons of Judah, were destroyed because of their sin (Gen 38:6-10). The descendants of <em>Shelah<\/em> are listed as an appendix at the end of the genealogies of Judah (1 Chr 4:21-23).<\/p>","content_en":"<p><strong>2:3<\/strong> <em>Er<\/em> and <em>Onan<\/em><em>,<\/em> the first two sons of Judah, were destroyed because of their sin (Gen 38:6-10). The descendants of <em>Shelah<\/em> are listed as an appendix at the end of the genealogies of Judah (1 Chr 4:21-23).<\/p>","summary_ro":"2:3 Er and Onan, the first two sons of Judah, were destroyed because of their sin (Gen 38:6-10). The descendants of Shelah are listed as an appendix at the end of the genealogies of Judah (1 Chr 4:21-23).","summary_en":"2:3 Er and Onan, the first two sons of Judah, were destroyed because of their sin (Gen 38:6-10). The descendants of Shelah are listed as an appendix at the end of the genealogies of Judah (1 Chr 4:21-23).","source":"StudyNotes.xml","external_url":null,"has_map":false,"has_picture":false},{"id":130421,"type":"study_note","type_label":"Notă de studiu","type_icon":"📝","type_color":"#06b6d4","title_ro":"Notă de studiu: 1 Cronici 2:3","title_en":"Study Note: 1 Cronici 2:3","content_ro":"<p><strong>2:3–4:23<\/strong> While the genealogies present the entire people of Israel (2:1-2), David’s ancestors in the tribe of Judah receive priority.<\/p>","content_en":"<p><strong>2:3–4:23<\/strong> While the genealogies present the entire people of Israel (2:1-2), David’s ancestors in the tribe of Judah receive priority.<\/p>","summary_ro":"2:3–4:23 While the genealogies present the entire people of Israel (2:1-2), David’s ancestors in the tribe of Judah receive priority.","summary_en":"2:3–4:23 While the genealogies present the entire people of Israel (2:1-2), David’s ancestors in the tribe of Judah receive priority.","source":"StudyNotes.xml","external_url":null,"has_map":false,"has_picture":false},{"id":130422,"type":"study_note","type_label":"Notă de studiu","type_icon":"📝","type_color":"#06b6d4","title_ro":"Notă de studiu: 1 Cronici 2:3","title_en":"Study Note: 1 Cronici 2:3","content_ro":"<p><strong>2:3-8<\/strong> The genealogy of Judah is as comprehensive as possible, recording peripheral material as the background to the main line of David’s ancestors. Cp. Gen 46:12.<\/p>","content_en":"<p><strong>2:3-8<\/strong> The genealogy of Judah is as comprehensive as possible, recording peripheral material as the background to the main line of David’s ancestors. Cp. Gen 46:12.<\/p>","summary_ro":"2:3-8 The genealogy of Judah is as comprehensive as possible, recording peripheral material as the background to the main line of David’s ancestors. Cp. Gen 46:12.","summary_en":"2:3-8 The genealogy of Judah is as comprehensive as possible, recording peripheral material as the background to the main line of David’s ancestors. Cp. Gen 46:12.","source":"StudyNotes.xml","external_url":null,"has_map":false,"has_picture":false},{"id":130423,"type":"study_note","type_label":"Notă de studiu","type_icon":"📝","type_color":"#06b6d4","title_ro":"Notă de studiu: 1 Cronici 2:3","title_en":"Study Note: 1 Cronici 2:3","content_ro":"<p><strong>2:3<\/strong> <em>Er<\/em> and <em>Onan<\/em><em>,<\/em> the first two sons of Judah, were destroyed because of their sin (Gen 38:6-10). The descendants of <em>Shelah<\/em> are listed as an appendix at the end of the genealogies of Judah (1 Chr 4:21-23).<\/p>","content_en":"<p><strong>2:3<\/strong> <em>Er<\/em> and <em>Onan<\/em><em>,<\/em> the first two sons of Judah, were destroyed because of their sin (Gen 38:6-10). The descendants of <em>Shelah<\/em> are listed as an appendix at the end of the genealogies of Judah (1 Chr 4:21-23).<\/p>","summary_ro":"2:3 Er and Onan, the first two sons of Judah, were destroyed because of their sin (Gen 38:6-10). The descendants of Shelah are listed as an appendix at the end of the genealogies of Judah (1 Chr 4:21-23).","summary_en":"2:3 Er and Onan, the first two sons of Judah, were destroyed because of their sin (Gen 38:6-10). The descendants of Shelah are listed as an appendix at the end of the genealogies of Judah (1 Chr 4:21-23).","source":"StudyNotes.xml","external_url":null,"has_map":false,"has_picture":false}],"4":[{"id":40769,"type":"profile","type_label":"Profil","type_icon":"👤","type_color":"#f59e0b","title_ro":"Judah","title_en":"Judah","content_ro":"<h3>Judah<\/h3>\n<p>Judah is remembered most often as the ancestor of King David and of Jesus Christ. Despite his birth as a middle child and his sins as an adult (Gen 38), God chose Judah to carry the line of King David (1 Chr 2:1-17; 3:1-24) and of the Messiah (Gen 49:8-12; Matt 1:1-16; Luke 3:23-34).<\/p>\n<p>Judah was the fourth of Jacob’s twelve sons (Gen 35:23; 1 Chr 2:1). Leah, overjoyed to have borne her fourth son, named him Judah, meaning “praise” (Gen 29:35). Judah fathered five sons: Er, Onan, and Shelah by Bathshua, a woman from Canaan (Gen 38:1-5; 1 Chr 2:3); and the twins, Perez and Zerah, by his daughter-in-law Tamar (Gen 38:27-30; 1 Chr 2:4). God killed his first two sons, Er and Onan, in Canaan for disobedience (Gen 46:12). Judah eventually settled his family in Egypt with his father and brothers (Exod 1:1-2).<\/p>\n<p>Though reckless in his behavior with Tamar (Gen 38:6-30), Judah took personal responsibility for Benjamin’s safety in Egypt and interceded with Joseph for his brothers (44:14-34). When Jacob gave his dying blessing, he granted Judah a position of leadership; the future kings of Israel would come through Judah’s offspring (see 49:10).<\/p>\n<p><strong>Passages for Further Study<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Gen 29:35; 37:26-27; 38:1-30; 43:1-10; 44:14-34; 46:28; 49:8-12; Ruth 4:12; 1 Chr 2:3-4; 5:2; Ps 108:8<\/p>","content_en":"<h3>Judah<\/h3>\n<p>Judah is remembered most often as the ancestor of King David and of Jesus Christ. Despite his birth as a middle child and his sins as an adult (Gen 38), God chose Judah to carry the line of King David (1 Chr 2:1-17; 3:1-24) and of the Messiah (Gen 49:8-12; Matt 1:1-16; Luke 3:23-34).<\/p>\n<p>Judah was the fourth of Jacob’s twelve sons (Gen 35:23; 1 Chr 2:1). Leah, overjoyed to have borne her fourth son, named him Judah, meaning “praise” (Gen 29:35). Judah fathered five sons: Er, Onan, and Shelah by Bathshua, a woman from Canaan (Gen 38:1-5; 1 Chr 2:3); and the twins, Perez and Zerah, by his daughter-in-law Tamar (Gen 38:27-30; 1 Chr 2:4). God killed his first two sons, Er and Onan, in Canaan for disobedience (Gen 46:12). Judah eventually settled his family in Egypt with his father and brothers (Exod 1:1-2).<\/p>\n<p>Though reckless in his behavior with Tamar (Gen 38:6-30), Judah took personal responsibility for Benjamin’s safety in Egypt and interceded with Joseph for his brothers (44:14-34). When Jacob gave his dying blessing, he granted Judah a position of leadership; the future kings of Israel would come through Judah’s offspring (see 49:10).<\/p>\n<p><strong>Passages for Further Study<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Gen 29:35; 37:26-27; 38:1-30; 43:1-10; 44:14-34; 46:28; 49:8-12; Ruth 4:12; 1 Chr 2:3-4; 5:2; Ps 108:8<\/p>","summary_ro":"Judah Judah is remembered most often as the ancestor of King David and of Jesus Christ. Despite his birth as a middle child and his sins as an adult (Gen 38), God chose Judah to carry the line of King David (1 Chr 2:1-17; 3:1-24) and of the Messiah (Gen 49:8-12; Matt 1:1-16; Luke 3:23-34). Judah was the fourth of Jacob’s twelve sons (Gen 35:23; 1 Chr 2:1). Leah, overjoyed to have borne her fourth son, named him Judah, meaning “praise” (Gen 29:35). Judah fathered five sons: Er, Onan, and Shela...","summary_en":"Judah Judah is remembered most often as the ancestor of King David and of Jesus Christ. Despite his birth as a middle child and his sins as an adult (Gen 38), God chose Judah to carry the line of King David (1 Chr 2:1-17; 3:1-24) and of the Messiah (Gen 49:8-12; Matt 1:1-16; Luke 3:23-34). Judah was the fourth of Jacob’s twelve sons (Gen 35:23; 1 Chr 2:1). Leah, overjoyed to have borne her fourth son, named him Judah, meaning “praise” (Gen 29:35). Judah fathered five sons: Er, Onan, and Shela...","source":"Profiles.xml","external_url":null,"has_map":false,"has_picture":false},{"id":68395,"type":"profile","type_label":"Profil","type_icon":"👤","type_color":"#f59e0b","title_ro":"Judah","title_en":"Judah","content_ro":"<h3>Judah<\/h3>\n<p>Judah is remembered most often as the ancestor of King David and of Jesus Christ. Despite his birth as a middle child and his sins as an adult (Gen 38), God chose Judah to carry the line of King David (1 Chr 2:1-17; 3:1-24) and of the Messiah (Gen 49:8-12; Matt 1:1-16; Luke 3:23-34).<\/p>\n<p>Judah was the fourth of Jacob’s twelve sons (Gen 35:23; 1 Chr 2:1). Leah, overjoyed to have borne her fourth son, named him Judah, meaning “praise” (Gen 29:35). Judah fathered five sons: Er, Onan, and Shelah by Bathshua, a woman from Canaan (Gen 38:1-5; 1 Chr 2:3); and the twins, Perez and Zerah, by his daughter-in-law Tamar (Gen 38:27-30; 1 Chr 2:4). God killed his first two sons, Er and Onan, in Canaan for disobedience (Gen 46:12). Judah eventually settled his family in Egypt with his father and brothers (Exod 1:1-2).<\/p>\n<p>Though reckless in his behavior with Tamar (Gen 38:6-30), Judah took personal responsibility for Benjamin’s safety in Egypt and interceded with Joseph for his brothers (44:14-34). When Jacob gave his dying blessing, he granted Judah a position of leadership; the future kings of Israel would come through Judah’s offspring (see 49:10).<\/p>\n<p><strong>Passages for Further Study<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Gen 29:35; 37:26-27; 38:1-30; 43:1-10; 44:14-34; 46:28; 49:8-12; Ruth 4:12; 1 Chr 2:3-4; 5:2; Ps 108:8<\/p>","content_en":"<h3>Judah<\/h3>\n<p>Judah is remembered most often as the ancestor of King David and of Jesus Christ. Despite his birth as a middle child and his sins as an adult (Gen 38), God chose Judah to carry the line of King David (1 Chr 2:1-17; 3:1-24) and of the Messiah (Gen 49:8-12; Matt 1:1-16; Luke 3:23-34).<\/p>\n<p>Judah was the fourth of Jacob’s twelve sons (Gen 35:23; 1 Chr 2:1). Leah, overjoyed to have borne her fourth son, named him Judah, meaning “praise” (Gen 29:35). Judah fathered five sons: Er, Onan, and Shelah by Bathshua, a woman from Canaan (Gen 38:1-5; 1 Chr 2:3); and the twins, Perez and Zerah, by his daughter-in-law Tamar (Gen 38:27-30; 1 Chr 2:4). God killed his first two sons, Er and Onan, in Canaan for disobedience (Gen 46:12). Judah eventually settled his family in Egypt with his father and brothers (Exod 1:1-2).<\/p>\n<p>Though reckless in his behavior with Tamar (Gen 38:6-30), Judah took personal responsibility for Benjamin’s safety in Egypt and interceded with Joseph for his brothers (44:14-34). When Jacob gave his dying blessing, he granted Judah a position of leadership; the future kings of Israel would come through Judah’s offspring (see 49:10).<\/p>\n<p><strong>Passages for Further Study<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Gen 29:35; 37:26-27; 38:1-30; 43:1-10; 44:14-34; 46:28; 49:8-12; Ruth 4:12; 1 Chr 2:3-4; 5:2; Ps 108:8<\/p>","summary_ro":"Judah Judah is remembered most often as the ancestor of King David and of Jesus Christ. Despite his birth as a middle child and his sins as an adult (Gen 38), God chose Judah to carry the line of King David (1 Chr 2:1-17; 3:1-24) and of the Messiah (Gen 49:8-12; Matt 1:1-16; Luke 3:23-34). Judah was the fourth of Jacob’s twelve sons (Gen 35:23; 1 Chr 2:1). Leah, overjoyed to have borne her fourth son, named him Judah, meaning “praise” (Gen 29:35). Judah fathered five sons: Er, Onan, and Shela...","summary_en":"Judah Judah is remembered most often as the ancestor of King David and of Jesus Christ. Despite his birth as a middle child and his sins as an adult (Gen 38), God chose Judah to carry the line of King David (1 Chr 2:1-17; 3:1-24) and of the Messiah (Gen 49:8-12; Matt 1:1-16; Luke 3:23-34). Judah was the fourth of Jacob’s twelve sons (Gen 35:23; 1 Chr 2:1). Leah, overjoyed to have borne her fourth son, named him Judah, meaning “praise” (Gen 29:35). Judah fathered five sons: Er, Onan, and Shela...","source":"Profiles.xml","external_url":null,"has_map":false,"has_picture":false},{"id":96021,"type":"profile","type_label":"Profil","type_icon":"👤","type_color":"#f59e0b","title_ro":"Judah","title_en":"Judah","content_ro":"<h3>Judah<\/h3>\n<p>Judah is remembered most often as the ancestor of King David and of Jesus Christ. Despite his birth as a middle child and his sins as an adult (Gen 38), God chose Judah to carry the line of King David (1 Chr 2:1-17; 3:1-24) and of the Messiah (Gen 49:8-12; Matt 1:1-16; Luke 3:23-34).<\/p>\n<p>Judah was the fourth of Jacob’s twelve sons (Gen 35:23; 1 Chr 2:1). Leah, overjoyed to have borne her fourth son, named him Judah, meaning “praise” (Gen 29:35). Judah fathered five sons: Er, Onan, and Shelah by Bathshua, a woman from Canaan (Gen 38:1-5; 1 Chr 2:3); and the twins, Perez and Zerah, by his daughter-in-law Tamar (Gen 38:27-30; 1 Chr 2:4). God killed his first two sons, Er and Onan, in Canaan for disobedience (Gen 46:12). Judah eventually settled his family in Egypt with his father and brothers (Exod 1:1-2).<\/p>\n<p>Though reckless in his behavior with Tamar (Gen 38:6-30), Judah took personal responsibility for Benjamin’s safety in Egypt and interceded with Joseph for his brothers (44:14-34). When Jacob gave his dying blessing, he granted Judah a position of leadership; the future kings of Israel would come through Judah’s offspring (see 49:10).<\/p>\n<p><strong>Passages for Further Study<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Gen 29:35; 37:26-27; 38:1-30; 43:1-10; 44:14-34; 46:28; 49:8-12; Ruth 4:12; 1 Chr 2:3-4; 5:2; Ps 108:8<\/p>","content_en":"<h3>Judah<\/h3>\n<p>Judah is remembered most often as the ancestor of King David and of Jesus Christ. Despite his birth as a middle child and his sins as an adult (Gen 38), God chose Judah to carry the line of King David (1 Chr 2:1-17; 3:1-24) and of the Messiah (Gen 49:8-12; Matt 1:1-16; Luke 3:23-34).<\/p>\n<p>Judah was the fourth of Jacob’s twelve sons (Gen 35:23; 1 Chr 2:1). Leah, overjoyed to have borne her fourth son, named him Judah, meaning “praise” (Gen 29:35). Judah fathered five sons: Er, Onan, and Shelah by Bathshua, a woman from Canaan (Gen 38:1-5; 1 Chr 2:3); and the twins, Perez and Zerah, by his daughter-in-law Tamar (Gen 38:27-30; 1 Chr 2:4). God killed his first two sons, Er and Onan, in Canaan for disobedience (Gen 46:12). Judah eventually settled his family in Egypt with his father and brothers (Exod 1:1-2).<\/p>\n<p>Though reckless in his behavior with Tamar (Gen 38:6-30), Judah took personal responsibility for Benjamin’s safety in Egypt and interceded with Joseph for his brothers (44:14-34). When Jacob gave his dying blessing, he granted Judah a position of leadership; the future kings of Israel would come through Judah’s offspring (see 49:10).<\/p>\n<p><strong>Passages for Further Study<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Gen 29:35; 37:26-27; 38:1-30; 43:1-10; 44:14-34; 46:28; 49:8-12; Ruth 4:12; 1 Chr 2:3-4; 5:2; Ps 108:8<\/p>","summary_ro":"Judah Judah is remembered most often as the ancestor of King David and of Jesus Christ. Despite his birth as a middle child and his sins as an adult (Gen 38), God chose Judah to carry the line of King David (1 Chr 2:1-17; 3:1-24) and of the Messiah (Gen 49:8-12; Matt 1:1-16; Luke 3:23-34). Judah was the fourth of Jacob’s twelve sons (Gen 35:23; 1 Chr 2:1). Leah, overjoyed to have borne her fourth son, named him Judah, meaning “praise” (Gen 29:35). Judah fathered five sons: Er, Onan, and Shela...","summary_en":"Judah Judah is remembered most often as the ancestor of King David and of Jesus Christ. Despite his birth as a middle child and his sins as an adult (Gen 38), God chose Judah to carry the line of King David (1 Chr 2:1-17; 3:1-24) and of the Messiah (Gen 49:8-12; Matt 1:1-16; Luke 3:23-34). Judah was the fourth of Jacob’s twelve sons (Gen 35:23; 1 Chr 2:1). Leah, overjoyed to have borne her fourth son, named him Judah, meaning “praise” (Gen 29:35). Judah fathered five sons: Er, Onan, and Shela...","source":"Profiles.xml","external_url":null,"has_map":false,"has_picture":false},{"id":123647,"type":"profile","type_label":"Profil","type_icon":"👤","type_color":"#f59e0b","title_ro":"Judah","title_en":"Judah","content_ro":"<h3>Judah<\/h3>\n<p>Judah is remembered most often as the ancestor of King David and of Jesus Christ. Despite his birth as a middle child and his sins as an adult (Gen 38), God chose Judah to carry the line of King David (1 Chr 2:1-17; 3:1-24) and of the Messiah (Gen 49:8-12; Matt 1:1-16; Luke 3:23-34).<\/p>\n<p>Judah was the fourth of Jacob’s twelve sons (Gen 35:23; 1 Chr 2:1). Leah, overjoyed to have borne her fourth son, named him Judah, meaning “praise” (Gen 29:35). Judah fathered five sons: Er, Onan, and Shelah by Bathshua, a woman from Canaan (Gen 38:1-5; 1 Chr 2:3); and the twins, Perez and Zerah, by his daughter-in-law Tamar (Gen 38:27-30; 1 Chr 2:4). God killed his first two sons, Er and Onan, in Canaan for disobedience (Gen 46:12). Judah eventually settled his family in Egypt with his father and brothers (Exod 1:1-2).<\/p>\n<p>Though reckless in his behavior with Tamar (Gen 38:6-30), Judah took personal responsibility for Benjamin’s safety in Egypt and interceded with Joseph for his brothers (44:14-34). When Jacob gave his dying blessing, he granted Judah a position of leadership; the future kings of Israel would come through Judah’s offspring (see 49:10).<\/p>\n<p><strong>Passages for Further Study<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Gen 29:35; 37:26-27; 38:1-30; 43:1-10; 44:14-34; 46:28; 49:8-12; Ruth 4:12; 1 Chr 2:3-4; 5:2; Ps 108:8<\/p>","content_en":"<h3>Judah<\/h3>\n<p>Judah is remembered most often as the ancestor of King David and of Jesus Christ. Despite his birth as a middle child and his sins as an adult (Gen 38), God chose Judah to carry the line of King David (1 Chr 2:1-17; 3:1-24) and of the Messiah (Gen 49:8-12; Matt 1:1-16; Luke 3:23-34).<\/p>\n<p>Judah was the fourth of Jacob’s twelve sons (Gen 35:23; 1 Chr 2:1). Leah, overjoyed to have borne her fourth son, named him Judah, meaning “praise” (Gen 29:35). Judah fathered five sons: Er, Onan, and Shelah by Bathshua, a woman from Canaan (Gen 38:1-5; 1 Chr 2:3); and the twins, Perez and Zerah, by his daughter-in-law Tamar (Gen 38:27-30; 1 Chr 2:4). God killed his first two sons, Er and Onan, in Canaan for disobedience (Gen 46:12). Judah eventually settled his family in Egypt with his father and brothers (Exod 1:1-2).<\/p>\n<p>Though reckless in his behavior with Tamar (Gen 38:6-30), Judah took personal responsibility for Benjamin’s safety in Egypt and interceded with Joseph for his brothers (44:14-34). When Jacob gave his dying blessing, he granted Judah a position of leadership; the future kings of Israel would come through Judah’s offspring (see 49:10).<\/p>\n<p><strong>Passages for Further Study<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Gen 29:35; 37:26-27; 38:1-30; 43:1-10; 44:14-34; 46:28; 49:8-12; Ruth 4:12; 1 Chr 2:3-4; 5:2; Ps 108:8<\/p>","summary_ro":"Judah Judah is remembered most often as the ancestor of King David and of Jesus Christ. Despite his birth as a middle child and his sins as an adult (Gen 38), God chose Judah to carry the line of King David (1 Chr 2:1-17; 3:1-24) and of the Messiah (Gen 49:8-12; Matt 1:1-16; Luke 3:23-34). Judah was the fourth of Jacob’s twelve sons (Gen 35:23; 1 Chr 2:1). Leah, overjoyed to have borne her fourth son, named him Judah, meaning “praise” (Gen 29:35). Judah fathered five sons: Er, Onan, and Shela...","summary_en":"Judah Judah is remembered most often as the ancestor of King David and of Jesus Christ. Despite his birth as a middle child and his sins as an adult (Gen 38), God chose Judah to carry the line of King David (1 Chr 2:1-17; 3:1-24) and of the Messiah (Gen 49:8-12; Matt 1:1-16; Luke 3:23-34). Judah was the fourth of Jacob’s twelve sons (Gen 35:23; 1 Chr 2:1). Leah, overjoyed to have borne her fourth son, named him Judah, meaning “praise” (Gen 29:35). Judah fathered five sons: Er, Onan, and Shela...","source":"Profiles.xml","external_url":null,"has_map":false,"has_picture":false},{"id":20997,"type":"article","type_label":"Articol","type_icon":"📖","type_color":"#d4af37","title_ro":"Judah (Person)","title_en":"Judah (Person)","content_ro":"<h3>JUDAH (P<span>erson<\/span>)<\/h3>\n<li>1. Fourth of Jacob’s 12 sons (Gn 35:23; 1 Chr 2:1) and the fourth son born to Jacob by Leah, who, overjoyed with the thought of bearing Jacob another son, named him Judah, meaning “praise” (Gn 29:35). Judah fathered five sons: Er, Onan, and Shelah by Bathshua the Canaanitess (Gn 38:3-5; 1 Chr 2:3); and the twins Perez and Zerah by Tamar, his daughter-in-law (Gn 38:29-30; 1 Chr 2:4). He eventually settled his family in Egypt with his father and brothers (Ex 1:2), although his first two sons, Er and Onan, were divinely killed in Canaan for their disobedience (Gn 46:12). Judah became the founder of one of Israel’s 12 tribes (Nm 1:26-27).<\/li>\n<p>Though reckless in his behavior with Tamar (Gn 38:6-30), Judah showed firm resolve in taking personal responsibility for Benjamin’s safety in Egypt and acting as intercessor for his brothers before Joseph (44:14-18). At the time of Jacob’s blessing, Judah was granted the birthright privileges of the firstborn; the leadership of Jacob’s family would come through Judah’s seed, as would the promised Messiah of Abraham’s covenant (49:8-12). Later, Judah’s family was praised at the time of Ruth’s engagement to Boaz (Ru 4:12), and both the Davidic lines of kings (1 Chr 2:1-15; 3:1-24) and Jesus Christ’s ancestors traced their descent from Judah (Mt 1:2-3; Lk 3:33).<\/p>\n<p><em>See also<\/em> Genealogy of Jesus Christ; Judah, Tribe of.<\/p>\n<li>2. Forefather of a family of Levites who assisted Jeshua, the high priest, with rebuilding the temple during the postexilic era (Ezr 3:9, <span>nlt<\/span> mg). He is alternately called Hodaviah in Ezra 2:40 and Hodevah in Nehemiah 7:43. <em>See<\/em> Hodaviah #4.<\/li>\n<li>3. One of the Levites who was encouraged by Ezra to divorce his foreign wife (Ezr 10:23).<\/li>\n<li>4. Benjamite, son of Hassenuah, who was second in command over the city of Jerusalem during the days of Nehemiah (Neh 11:9).<\/li>\n<li>5. One of the leaders of the Levites who returned with Zerubbabel and Jeshua to Judah after the exile (Neh 12:8).<\/li>\n<li>6. One of the princes of Judah who participated in the dedication of the Jerusalem wall during the postexilic period (Neh 12:34).<\/li>\n<li>7. One of the priests who played a musical instrument at the dedication of the Jerusalem wall during the days of Nehemiah (Neh 12:36). He is perhaps identical with #5 above.<\/li>\n<li>8. Joseph’s son, father of Simeon and an ancestor of Jesus Christ (Lk 3:30). <em>See<\/em> Genealogy of Jesus Christ.<\/li>","content_en":"<h3>JUDAH (P<span>erson<\/span>)<\/h3>\n<li>1. Fourth of Jacob’s 12 sons (Gn 35:23; 1 Chr 2:1) and the fourth son born to Jacob by Leah, who, overjoyed with the thought of bearing Jacob another son, named him Judah, meaning “praise” (Gn 29:35). Judah fathered five sons: Er, Onan, and Shelah by Bathshua the Canaanitess (Gn 38:3-5; 1 Chr 2:3); and the twins Perez and Zerah by Tamar, his daughter-in-law (Gn 38:29-30; 1 Chr 2:4). He eventually settled his family in Egypt with his father and brothers (Ex 1:2), although his first two sons, Er and Onan, were divinely killed in Canaan for their disobedience (Gn 46:12). Judah became the founder of one of Israel’s 12 tribes (Nm 1:26-27).<\/li>\n<p>Though reckless in his behavior with Tamar (Gn 38:6-30), Judah showed firm resolve in taking personal responsibility for Benjamin’s safety in Egypt and acting as intercessor for his brothers before Joseph (44:14-18). At the time of Jacob’s blessing, Judah was granted the birthright privileges of the firstborn; the leadership of Jacob’s family would come through Judah’s seed, as would the promised Messiah of Abraham’s covenant (49:8-12). Later, Judah’s family was praised at the time of Ruth’s engagement to Boaz (Ru 4:12), and both the Davidic lines of kings (1 Chr 2:1-15; 3:1-24) and Jesus Christ’s ancestors traced their descent from Judah (Mt 1:2-3; Lk 3:33).<\/p>\n<p><em>See also<\/em> Genealogy of Jesus Christ; Judah, Tribe of.<\/p>\n<li>2. Forefather of a family of Levites who assisted Jeshua, the high priest, with rebuilding the temple during the postexilic era (Ezr 3:9, <span>nlt<\/span> mg). He is alternately called Hodaviah in Ezra 2:40 and Hodevah in Nehemiah 7:43. <em>See<\/em> Hodaviah #4.<\/li>\n<li>3. One of the Levites who was encouraged by Ezra to divorce his foreign wife (Ezr 10:23).<\/li>\n<li>4. Benjamite, son of Hassenuah, who was second in command over the city of Jerusalem during the days of Nehemiah (Neh 11:9).<\/li>\n<li>5. One of the leaders of the Levites who returned with Zerubbabel and Jeshua to Judah after the exile (Neh 12:8).<\/li>\n<li>6. One of the princes of Judah who participated in the dedication of the Jerusalem wall during the postexilic period (Neh 12:34).<\/li>\n<li>7. One of the priests who played a musical instrument at the dedication of the Jerusalem wall during the days of Nehemiah (Neh 12:36). He is perhaps identical with #5 above.<\/li>\n<li>8. Joseph’s son, father of Simeon and an ancestor of Jesus Christ (Lk 3:30). <em>See<\/em> Genealogy of Jesus Christ.<\/li>","summary_ro":"JUDAH (Person) 1. Fourth of Jacob’s 12 sons (Gn 35:23; 1 Chr 2:1) and the fourth son born to Jacob by Leah, who, overjoyed with the thought of bearing Jacob another son, named him Judah, meaning “praise” (Gn 29:35). Judah fathered five sons: Er, Onan, and Shelah by Bathshua the Canaanitess (Gn 38:3-5; 1 Chr 2:3); and the twins Perez and Zerah by Tamar, his daughter-in-law (Gn 38:29-30; 1 Chr 2:4). He eventually settled his family in Egypt with his father and brothers (Ex 1:2), although his fi...","summary_en":"JUDAH (Person) 1. Fourth of Jacob’s 12 sons (Gn 35:23; 1 Chr 2:1) and the fourth son born to Jacob by Leah, who, overjoyed with the thought of bearing Jacob another son, named him Judah, meaning “praise” (Gn 29:35). Judah fathered five sons: Er, Onan, and Shelah by Bathshua the Canaanitess (Gn 38:3-5; 1 Chr 2:3); and the twins Perez and Zerah by Tamar, his daughter-in-law (Gn 38:29-30; 1 Chr 2:4). He eventually settled his family in Egypt with his father and brothers (Ex 1:2), although his fi...","source":"Articles\/J.xml","external_url":null,"has_map":false,"has_picture":false},{"id":29589,"type":"article","type_label":"Articol","type_icon":"📖","type_color":"#d4af37","title_ro":"Perezite Perez","title_en":"Perezite Perez","content_ro":"<h3>PEREZ, PEREZITE<\/h3>\n<p>Son of Judah whose name is derived from a Hebrew word meaning “he who bursts forth”; his name refers to the manner in which he unexpectedly came first from Tamar’s womb before his twin brother, Zerah (Gn 38:29). He fathered two sons, Hezron and Hamul, and became the ancestral head of the Perezite family (Gn 46:12; Nm 26:20-21; 1 Chr 2:4-5; 4:1). The <span>kjv<\/span> and the Apocrypha translate the name variously as Pharez, Phares, and Pharzite.<\/p>\n<p>Through the descent of his son Hezron, he became the ancestor of David and Jesus Christ (Ru 4:18-22; Mt 1:3; Lk 3:33). The esteem this clan enjoyed in the tribe of Judah is evidenced by the blessing pronounced upon it by the men of Bethlehem (Ru 4:12). A descendant named Jashobeam commanded David’s captains for the first month of each year (1 Chr 27:2-3). Upon the return from captivity in Babylon, 468 Perezites were chosen to live in Jerusalem (1 Chr 9:4; Neh 11:4-6).<\/p>","content_en":"<h3>PEREZ, PEREZITE<\/h3>\n<p>Son of Judah whose name is derived from a Hebrew word meaning “he who bursts forth”; his name refers to the manner in which he unexpectedly came first from Tamar’s womb before his twin brother, Zerah (Gn 38:29). He fathered two sons, Hezron and Hamul, and became the ancestral head of the Perezite family (Gn 46:12; Nm 26:20-21; 1 Chr 2:4-5; 4:1). The <span>kjv<\/span> and the Apocrypha translate the name variously as Pharez, Phares, and Pharzite.<\/p>\n<p>Through the descent of his son Hezron, he became the ancestor of David and Jesus Christ (Ru 4:18-22; Mt 1:3; Lk 3:33). The esteem this clan enjoyed in the tribe of Judah is evidenced by the blessing pronounced upon it by the men of Bethlehem (Ru 4:12). A descendant named Jashobeam commanded David’s captains for the first month of each year (1 Chr 27:2-3). Upon the return from captivity in Babylon, 468 Perezites were chosen to live in Jerusalem (1 Chr 9:4; Neh 11:4-6).<\/p>","summary_ro":"PEREZ, PEREZITE Son of Judah whose name is derived from a Hebrew word meaning “he who bursts forth”; his name refers to the manner in which he unexpectedly came first from Tamar’s womb before his twin brother, Zerah (Gn 38:29). He fathered two sons, Hezron and Hamul, and became the ancestral head of the Perezite family (Gn 46:12; Nm 26:20-21; 1 Chr 2:4-5; 4:1). The kjv and the Apocrypha translate the name variously as Pharez, Phares, and Pharzite. Through the descent of his son Hezron, he bec...","summary_en":"PEREZ, PEREZITE Son of Judah whose name is derived from a Hebrew word meaning “he who bursts forth”; his name refers to the manner in which he unexpectedly came first from Tamar’s womb before his twin brother, Zerah (Gn 38:29). He fathered two sons, Hezron and Hamul, and became the ancestral head of the Perezite family (Gn 46:12; Nm 26:20-21; 1 Chr 2:4-5; 4:1). The kjv and the Apocrypha translate the name variously as Pharez, Phares, and Pharzite. Through the descent of his son Hezron, he bec...","source":"Articles\/P.xml","external_url":null,"has_map":false,"has_picture":false},{"id":36735,"type":"article","type_label":"Articol","type_icon":"📖","type_color":"#d4af37","title_ro":"Tamar (Person)","title_en":"Tamar (Person)","content_ro":"<h3>TAMAR (P<span>erson<\/span>)<\/h3>\n<li>1. Wife of Er, the firstborn son of Judah by a Canaanitess. Later, as a widow, Tamar bore two sons to Judah named Perez and Zerah (Gn 38:6-24; 1 Chr 2:4). Tamar preserved the line of Judah through Perez (Ru 4:12), and her name is recorded in the genealogy of Christ (Mt 1:3).<\/li>\n<p><em>See also<\/em> Genealogy of Jesus Christ.<\/p>\n<li>2. Sister of Absalom and the daughter of David by his wife Maacah, the Geshurite. Through deceit, Tamar was seduced by Amnon, her half brother. In vengeance, Absalom, her full brother, had Amnon murdered at Baal-hazor (2 Sm 13; 1 Chr 3:9).<\/li>\n<li>3. Daughter of Absalom who was noted for her beauty (2 Sm 14:27). She perhaps married Uriel of Gibeah and became the mother of Maacah. <em>See<\/em> Maacah, Maachah (Person) #4.<\/li>","content_en":"<h3>TAMAR (P<span>erson<\/span>)<\/h3>\n<li>1. Wife of Er, the firstborn son of Judah by a Canaanitess. Later, as a widow, Tamar bore two sons to Judah named Perez and Zerah (Gn 38:6-24; 1 Chr 2:4). Tamar preserved the line of Judah through Perez (Ru 4:12), and her name is recorded in the genealogy of Christ (Mt 1:3).<\/li>\n<p><em>See also<\/em> Genealogy of Jesus Christ.<\/p>\n<li>2. Sister of Absalom and the daughter of David by his wife Maacah, the Geshurite. Through deceit, Tamar was seduced by Amnon, her half brother. In vengeance, Absalom, her full brother, had Amnon murdered at Baal-hazor (2 Sm 13; 1 Chr 3:9).<\/li>\n<li>3. Daughter of Absalom who was noted for her beauty (2 Sm 14:27). She perhaps married Uriel of Gibeah and became the mother of Maacah. <em>See<\/em> Maacah, Maachah (Person) #4.<\/li>","summary_ro":"TAMAR (Person) 1. Wife of Er, the firstborn son of Judah by a Canaanitess. Later, as a widow, Tamar bore two sons to Judah named Perez and Zerah (Gn 38:6-24; 1 Chr 2:4). Tamar preserved the line of Judah through Perez (Ru 4:12), and her name is recorded in the genealogy of Christ (Mt 1:3). See also Genealogy of Jesus Christ. 2. Sister of Absalom and the daughter of David by his wife Maacah, the Geshurite. Through deceit, Tamar was seduced by Amnon, her half brother. In vengeance, Absalom, her...","summary_en":"TAMAR (Person) 1. Wife of Er, the firstborn son of Judah by a Canaanitess. Later, as a widow, Tamar bore two sons to Judah named Perez and Zerah (Gn 38:6-24; 1 Chr 2:4). Tamar preserved the line of Judah through Perez (Ru 4:12), and her name is recorded in the genealogy of Christ (Mt 1:3). See also Genealogy of Jesus Christ. 2. Sister of Absalom and the daughter of David by his wife Maacah, the Geshurite. Through deceit, Tamar was seduced by Amnon, her half brother. In vengeance, Absalom, her...","source":"Articles\/T.xml","external_url":null,"has_map":false,"has_picture":false},{"id":39235,"type":"article","type_label":"Articol","type_icon":"📖","type_color":"#d4af37","title_ro":"Zerah","title_en":"Zerah","content_ro":"<h3>ZERAH<\/h3>\n<li>1. One of the chiefs of the Edomites (Gn 36:17; 1 Chr 1:37), listed as the son of Reuel, Esau’s son by his wife Basemath, and likely the ancestor of Jobab, who later assumed the position of king of the Edomites (Gn 36:13, 33).<\/li>\n<li>2. One of the twin sons of Judah by his daughter-in-law Tamar (Gn 38:30; 46:12; Mt 1:3). Although Zerah thrust out his hand first, he retracted it, allowing his brother, Perez, to be born first. The descendants of Zerah (the Zerahites) became one of the most influential clans of Judah (Nm 26:20; Jos 7:1, 18; 22:20; 1 Chr 2:4-6; 9:6). Because Ethan and Heman are listed as sons of Zerah in 1 Chronicles 2:6, the Ezrahites mentioned in 1 Kings 4:31 and the titles to Psalms 88 and 89 are also considered to be Zerahites. However, Ethan and Heman are listed as Levites in 1 Chronicles 15:17, thus making it more likely that the Ezrahites were a Levite clan.<\/li>\n<li>3. One of the sons of Simeon from whom the Zerahite clan descended (Nm 26:13; 1 Chr 4:24); alternately called Zohar in Genesis 46:10 and Exodus 6:15.<\/li>\n<li>4. One of the sons of Iddo, from the Gershonite branch of Levi’s tribe (1 Chr 6:21).<\/li>\n<li>5. One of the ancestors of Asaph from Levi’s tribe, listed as the son of Adaiah and the father of Ethni (1 Chr 6:41). Several believe him to be the same individual as #4 above.<\/li>\n<li>6. Commander of the Ethiopians (Cushites) who fought against Asa, king of Judah (2 Chr 14:9). It is difficult to identify this individual or the historical event with any certainty. The most common identification has been with Usarkon II of Egypt. The account of the battle agrees with the chronology of Usarkon’s reign in Egypt, as do the number and nationalities of the troops involved in the conflict.<\/li>","content_en":"<h3>ZERAH<\/h3>\n<li>1. One of the chiefs of the Edomites (Gn 36:17; 1 Chr 1:37), listed as the son of Reuel, Esau’s son by his wife Basemath, and likely the ancestor of Jobab, who later assumed the position of king of the Edomites (Gn 36:13, 33).<\/li>\n<li>2. One of the twin sons of Judah by his daughter-in-law Tamar (Gn 38:30; 46:12; Mt 1:3). Although Zerah thrust out his hand first, he retracted it, allowing his brother, Perez, to be born first. The descendants of Zerah (the Zerahites) became one of the most influential clans of Judah (Nm 26:20; Jos 7:1, 18; 22:20; 1 Chr 2:4-6; 9:6). Because Ethan and Heman are listed as sons of Zerah in 1 Chronicles 2:6, the Ezrahites mentioned in 1 Kings 4:31 and the titles to Psalms 88 and 89 are also considered to be Zerahites. However, Ethan and Heman are listed as Levites in 1 Chronicles 15:17, thus making it more likely that the Ezrahites were a Levite clan.<\/li>\n<li>3. One of the sons of Simeon from whom the Zerahite clan descended (Nm 26:13; 1 Chr 4:24); alternately called Zohar in Genesis 46:10 and Exodus 6:15.<\/li>\n<li>4. One of the sons of Iddo, from the Gershonite branch of Levi’s tribe (1 Chr 6:21).<\/li>\n<li>5. One of the ancestors of Asaph from Levi’s tribe, listed as the son of Adaiah and the father of Ethni (1 Chr 6:41). Several believe him to be the same individual as #4 above.<\/li>\n<li>6. Commander of the Ethiopians (Cushites) who fought against Asa, king of Judah (2 Chr 14:9). It is difficult to identify this individual or the historical event with any certainty. The most common identification has been with Usarkon II of Egypt. The account of the battle agrees with the chronology of Usarkon’s reign in Egypt, as do the number and nationalities of the troops involved in the conflict.<\/li>","summary_ro":"ZERAH 1. One of the chiefs of the Edomites (Gn 36:17; 1 Chr 1:37), listed as the son of Reuel, Esau’s son by his wife Basemath, and likely the ancestor of Jobab, who later assumed the position of king of the Edomites (Gn 36:13, 33). 2. One of the twin sons of Judah by his daughter-in-law Tamar (Gn 38:30; 46:12; Mt 1:3). Although Zerah thrust out his hand first, he retracted it, allowing his brother, Perez, to be born first. The descendants of Zerah (the Zerahites) became one of the most influ...","summary_en":"ZERAH 1. One of the chiefs of the Edomites (Gn 36:17; 1 Chr 1:37), listed as the son of Reuel, Esau’s son by his wife Basemath, and likely the ancestor of Jobab, who later assumed the position of king of the Edomites (Gn 36:13, 33). 2. One of the twin sons of Judah by his daughter-in-law Tamar (Gn 38:30; 46:12; Mt 1:3). Although Zerah thrust out his hand first, he retracted it, allowing his brother, Perez, to be born first. The descendants of Zerah (the Zerahites) became one of the most influ...","source":"Articles\/Z.xml","external_url":null,"has_map":false,"has_picture":false},{"id":47546,"type":"study_note","type_label":"Notă de studiu","type_icon":"📝","type_color":"#06b6d4","title_ro":"Notă de studiu: 1 Cronici 2:4","title_en":"Study Note: 1 Cronici 2:4","content_ro":"<p><strong>2:4-5<\/strong> The main ancestral line of David descends from <em>Perez<\/em><em>,<\/em> one of the sons of <em>Tamar<\/em><em>,<\/em> Judah’s <em>widowed daughter-in-law<\/em>. • <em>Hamul<\/em>, one of Perez’s sons, is ignored completely; the Chronicler might not have had information about him.<\/p>","content_en":"<p><strong>2:4-5<\/strong> The main ancestral line of David descends from <em>Perez<\/em><em>,<\/em> one of the sons of <em>Tamar<\/em><em>,<\/em> Judah’s <em>widowed daughter-in-law<\/em>. • <em>Hamul<\/em>, one of Perez’s sons, is ignored completely; the Chronicler might not have had information about him.<\/p>","summary_ro":"2:4-5 The main ancestral line of David descends from Perez, one of the sons of Tamar, Judah’s widowed daughter-in-law. • Hamul, one of Perez’s sons, is ignored completely; the Chronicler might not have had information about him.","summary_en":"2:4-5 The main ancestral line of David descends from Perez, one of the sons of Tamar, Judah’s widowed daughter-in-law. • Hamul, one of Perez’s sons, is ignored completely; the Chronicler might not have had information about him.","source":"StudyNotes.xml","external_url":null,"has_map":false,"has_picture":false},{"id":75172,"type":"study_note","type_label":"Notă de studiu","type_icon":"📝","type_color":"#06b6d4","title_ro":"Notă de studiu: 1 Cronici 2:4","title_en":"Study Note: 1 Cronici 2:4","content_ro":"<p><strong>2:4-5<\/strong> The main ancestral line of David descends from <em>Perez<\/em><em>,<\/em> one of the sons of <em>Tamar<\/em><em>,<\/em> Judah’s <em>widowed daughter-in-law<\/em>. • <em>Hamul<\/em>, one of Perez’s sons, is ignored completely; the Chronicler might not have had information about him.<\/p>","content_en":"<p><strong>2:4-5<\/strong> The main ancestral line of David descends from <em>Perez<\/em><em>,<\/em> one of the sons of <em>Tamar<\/em><em>,<\/em> Judah’s <em>widowed daughter-in-law<\/em>. • <em>Hamul<\/em>, one of Perez’s sons, is ignored completely; the Chronicler might not have had information about him.<\/p>","summary_ro":"2:4-5 The main ancestral line of David descends from Perez, one of the sons of Tamar, Judah’s widowed daughter-in-law. • Hamul, one of Perez’s sons, is ignored completely; the Chronicler might not have had information about him.","summary_en":"2:4-5 The main ancestral line of David descends from Perez, one of the sons of Tamar, Judah’s widowed daughter-in-law. • Hamul, one of Perez’s sons, is ignored completely; the Chronicler might not have had information about him.","source":"StudyNotes.xml","external_url":null,"has_map":false,"has_picture":false},{"id":102798,"type":"study_note","type_label":"Notă de studiu","type_icon":"📝","type_color":"#06b6d4","title_ro":"Notă de studiu: 1 Cronici 2:4","title_en":"Study Note: 1 Cronici 2:4","content_ro":"<p><strong>2:4-5<\/strong> The main ancestral line of David descends from <em>Perez<\/em><em>,<\/em> one of the sons of <em>Tamar<\/em><em>,<\/em> Judah’s <em>widowed daughter-in-law<\/em>. • <em>Hamul<\/em>, one of Perez’s sons, is ignored completely; the Chronicler might not have had information about him.<\/p>","content_en":"<p><strong>2:4-5<\/strong> The main ancestral line of David descends from <em>Perez<\/em><em>,<\/em> one of the sons of <em>Tamar<\/em><em>,<\/em> Judah’s <em>widowed daughter-in-law<\/em>. • <em>Hamul<\/em>, one of Perez’s sons, is ignored completely; the Chronicler might not have had information about him.<\/p>","summary_ro":"2:4-5 The main ancestral line of David descends from Perez, one of the sons of Tamar, Judah’s widowed daughter-in-law. • Hamul, one of Perez’s sons, is ignored completely; the Chronicler might not have had information about him.","summary_en":"2:4-5 The main ancestral line of David descends from Perez, one of the sons of Tamar, Judah’s widowed daughter-in-law. • Hamul, one of Perez’s sons, is ignored completely; the Chronicler might not have had information about him.","source":"StudyNotes.xml","external_url":null,"has_map":false,"has_picture":false},{"id":130424,"type":"study_note","type_label":"Notă de studiu","type_icon":"📝","type_color":"#06b6d4","title_ro":"Notă de studiu: 1 Cronici 2:4","title_en":"Study Note: 1 Cronici 2:4","content_ro":"<p><strong>2:4-5<\/strong> The main ancestral line of David descends from <em>Perez<\/em><em>,<\/em> one of the sons of <em>Tamar<\/em><em>,<\/em> Judah’s <em>widowed daughter-in-law<\/em>. • <em>Hamul<\/em>, one of Perez’s sons, is ignored completely; the Chronicler might not have had information about him.<\/p>","content_en":"<p><strong>2:4-5<\/strong> The main ancestral line of David descends from <em>Perez<\/em><em>,<\/em> one of the sons of <em>Tamar<\/em><em>,<\/em> Judah’s <em>widowed daughter-in-law<\/em>. • <em>Hamul<\/em>, one of Perez’s sons, is ignored completely; the Chronicler might not have had information about him.<\/p>","summary_ro":"2:4-5 The main ancestral line of David descends from Perez, one of the sons of Tamar, Judah’s widowed daughter-in-law. • Hamul, one of Perez’s sons, is ignored completely; the Chronicler might not have had information about him.","summary_en":"2:4-5 The main ancestral line of David descends from Perez, one of the sons of Tamar, Judah’s widowed daughter-in-law. • Hamul, one of Perez’s sons, is ignored completely; the Chronicler might not have had information about him.","source":"StudyNotes.xml","external_url":null,"has_map":false,"has_picture":false}],"5":[{"id":15185,"type":"article","type_label":"Articol","type_icon":"📖","type_color":"#d4af37","title_ro":"Hamulite Hamul","title_en":"Hamulite Hamul","content_ro":"<h3>HAMUL, HAMULITE<\/h3>\n<p>Perez’s younger son (Gn 46:12; 1 Chr 2:5) and founder of the Hamulite family (Nm 26:21).<\/p>","content_en":"<h3>HAMUL, HAMULITE<\/h3>\n<p>Perez’s younger son (Gn 46:12; 1 Chr 2:5) and founder of the Hamulite family (Nm 26:21).<\/p>","summary_ro":"HAMUL, HAMULITE Perez’s younger son (Gn 46:12; 1 Chr 2:5) and founder of the Hamulite family (Nm 26:21).","summary_en":"HAMUL, HAMULITE Perez’s younger son (Gn 46:12; 1 Chr 2:5) and founder of the Hamulite family (Nm 26:21).","source":"Articles\/H.xml","external_url":null,"has_map":false,"has_picture":false},{"id":16366,"type":"article","type_label":"Articol","type_icon":"📖","type_color":"#d4af37","title_ro":"Hezron (Person)","title_en":"Hezron (Person)","content_ro":"<h3>HEZRON (P<span>erson<\/span>)<\/h3>\n<li>1. Reuben’s son (Gn 46:9; Ex 6:14; 1 Chr 5:3) and founder of the Hezronite family in Reuben’s tribe (Nm 26:6).<\/li>\n<li>2. Perez’s son (Gn 46:12; Ru 4:18-19; 1 Chr 2:5-25; 4:1), founder of the Hezronite family in Judah’s tribe (Nm 26:21), and an ancestor of Jesus Christ (Mt 1:3; Lk 3:33).<\/li>\n<p><em>See also<\/em> Genealogy of Jesus Christ.<\/p>","content_en":"<h3>HEZRON (P<span>erson<\/span>)<\/h3>\n<li>1. Reuben’s son (Gn 46:9; Ex 6:14; 1 Chr 5:3) and founder of the Hezronite family in Reuben’s tribe (Nm 26:6).<\/li>\n<li>2. Perez’s son (Gn 46:12; Ru 4:18-19; 1 Chr 2:5-25; 4:1), founder of the Hezronite family in Judah’s tribe (Nm 26:21), and an ancestor of Jesus Christ (Mt 1:3; Lk 3:33).<\/li>\n<p><em>See also<\/em> Genealogy of Jesus Christ.<\/p>","summary_ro":"HEZRON (Person) 1. Reuben’s son (Gn 46:9; Ex 6:14; 1 Chr 5:3) and founder of the Hezronite family in Reuben’s tribe (Nm 26:6). 2. Perez’s son (Gn 46:12; Ru 4:18-19; 1 Chr 2:5-25; 4:1), founder of the Hezronite family in Judah’s tribe (Nm 26:21), and an ancestor of Jesus Christ (Mt 1:3; Lk 3:33). See also Genealogy of Jesus Christ.","summary_en":"HEZRON (Person) 1. Reuben’s son (Gn 46:9; Ex 6:14; 1 Chr 5:3) and founder of the Hezronite family in Reuben’s tribe (Nm 26:6). 2. Perez’s son (Gn 46:12; Ru 4:18-19; 1 Chr 2:5-25; 4:1), founder of the Hezronite family in Judah’s tribe (Nm 26:21), and an ancestor of Jesus Christ (Mt 1:3; Lk 3:33). See also Genealogy of Jesus Christ.","source":"Articles\/H.xml","external_url":null,"has_map":false,"has_picture":false}],"6":[{"id":5952,"type":"article","type_label":"Articol","type_icon":"📖","type_color":"#d4af37","title_ro":"Calcol","title_en":"Calcol","content_ro":"<h3>CALCOL<\/h3>\n<p>One of Mahol’s three sons and a member of Judah’s tribe (1 Kgs 4:31, <span>kjv<\/span> “Chalcol”; 1 Chr 2:6). He and his brothers were noted for their wisdom and musical abilities.<\/p>","content_en":"<h3>CALCOL<\/h3>\n<p>One of Mahol’s three sons and a member of Judah’s tribe (1 Kgs 4:31, <span>kjv<\/span> “Chalcol”; 1 Chr 2:6). He and his brothers were noted for their wisdom and musical abilities.<\/p>","summary_ro":"CALCOL One of Mahol’s three sons and a member of Judah’s tribe (1 Kgs 4:31, kjv “Chalcol”; 1 Chr 2:6). He and his brothers were noted for their wisdom and musical abilities.","summary_en":"CALCOL One of Mahol’s three sons and a member of Judah’s tribe (1 Kgs 4:31, kjv “Chalcol”; 1 Chr 2:6). He and his brothers were noted for their wisdom and musical abilities.","source":"Articles\/C.xml","external_url":null,"has_map":false,"has_picture":false},{"id":8602,"type":"article","type_label":"Articol","type_icon":"📖","type_color":"#d4af37","title_ro":"Dara*, Darda","title_en":"Dara*, Darda","content_ro":"<h3>DARA*, DARDA<\/h3>\n<p>Mahol’s son (1 Kgs 4:31), a Judahite of the family of Zerah (1 Chr 2:6). With Ethan the Ezrahite and Heman and Calcol, also sons of Mahol, Darda is mentioned as the proverbial example of wisdom, though he is surpassed by Solomon (1 Kgs 4:31-32). First Chronicles 2:6 sometimes gives the name as Dara, probably the error of a copyist, and includes a fifth man, Zimri. That there are two different fathers (Mahol and Zerah) mentioned in the two passages may be explained by making Mahol the natural father and Zerah the Ezrahite an earlier ancestor.<\/p>","content_en":"<h3>DARA*, DARDA<\/h3>\n<p>Mahol’s son (1 Kgs 4:31), a Judahite of the family of Zerah (1 Chr 2:6). With Ethan the Ezrahite and Heman and Calcol, also sons of Mahol, Darda is mentioned as the proverbial example of wisdom, though he is surpassed by Solomon (1 Kgs 4:31-32). First Chronicles 2:6 sometimes gives the name as Dara, probably the error of a copyist, and includes a fifth man, Zimri. That there are two different fathers (Mahol and Zerah) mentioned in the two passages may be explained by making Mahol the natural father and Zerah the Ezrahite an earlier ancestor.<\/p>","summary_ro":"DARA*, DARDA Mahol’s son (1 Kgs 4:31), a Judahite of the family of Zerah (1 Chr 2:6). With Ethan the Ezrahite and Heman and Calcol, also sons of Mahol, Darda is mentioned as the proverbial example of wisdom, though he is surpassed by Solomon (1 Kgs 4:31-32). First Chronicles 2:6 sometimes gives the name as Dara, probably the error of a copyist, and includes a fifth man, Zimri. That there are two different fathers (Mahol and Zerah) mentioned in the two passages may be explained by making Mahol...","summary_en":"DARA*, DARDA Mahol’s son (1 Kgs 4:31), a Judahite of the family of Zerah (1 Chr 2:6). With Ethan the Ezrahite and Heman and Calcol, also sons of Mahol, Darda is mentioned as the proverbial example of wisdom, though he is surpassed by Solomon (1 Kgs 4:31-32). First Chronicles 2:6 sometimes gives the name as Dara, probably the error of a copyist, and includes a fifth man, Zimri. That there are two different fathers (Mahol and Zerah) mentioned in the two passages may be explained by making Mahol...","source":"Articles\/D.xml","external_url":null,"has_map":false,"has_picture":false},{"id":11236,"type":"article","type_label":"Articol","type_icon":"📖","type_color":"#d4af37","title_ro":"Ethan","title_en":"Ethan","content_ro":"<h3>ETHAN<\/h3>\n<li>1. Wise man comparable to Solomon (1 Kgs 4:31) and probably the author of Psalm 89. It is uncertain whether he was a contemporary of Solomon.<\/li>\n<li>2. Descendant of Judah and son of Zerah (1 Chr 2:6), perhaps the same as #1 above. However, they are ascribed different fathers in the two passages.<\/li>\n<li>3. Son of Zimmah, a descendant of Gershon, Levi’s oldest son (1 Chr 6:42).<\/li>\n<li>4. Descendant of Levi through his son Merari, and the son of Kishi (1 Chr 6:44) or Kushaiah (15:17). He was one of three outstanding musicians, along with Heman and Asaph, appointed by David (vv 16-19). It was probably this Ethan whose name is ascribed in the title to Psalm 39 (as “Jeduthun,” which he is called in 1 Chr 16:41; 25:1) as “chief musician”; it is likely that he composed the music for the psalm.<\/li>","content_en":"<h3>ETHAN<\/h3>\n<li>1. Wise man comparable to Solomon (1 Kgs 4:31) and probably the author of Psalm 89. It is uncertain whether he was a contemporary of Solomon.<\/li>\n<li>2. Descendant of Judah and son of Zerah (1 Chr 2:6), perhaps the same as #1 above. However, they are ascribed different fathers in the two passages.<\/li>\n<li>3. Son of Zimmah, a descendant of Gershon, Levi’s oldest son (1 Chr 6:42).<\/li>\n<li>4. Descendant of Levi through his son Merari, and the son of Kishi (1 Chr 6:44) or Kushaiah (15:17). He was one of three outstanding musicians, along with Heman and Asaph, appointed by David (vv 16-19). It was probably this Ethan whose name is ascribed in the title to Psalm 39 (as “Jeduthun,” which he is called in 1 Chr 16:41; 25:1) as “chief musician”; it is likely that he composed the music for the psalm.<\/li>","summary_ro":"ETHAN 1. Wise man comparable to Solomon (1 Kgs 4:31) and probably the author of Psalm 89. It is uncertain whether he was a contemporary of Solomon. 2. Descendant of Judah and son of Zerah (1 Chr 2:6), perhaps the same as #1 above. However, they are ascribed different fathers in the two passages. 3. Son of Zimmah, a descendant of Gershon, Levi’s oldest son (1 Chr 6:42). 4. Descendant of Levi through his son Merari, and the son of Kishi (1 Chr 6:44) or Kushaiah (15:17). He was one of three outs...","summary_en":"ETHAN 1. Wise man comparable to Solomon (1 Kgs 4:31) and probably the author of Psalm 89. It is uncertain whether he was a contemporary of Solomon. 2. Descendant of Judah and son of Zerah (1 Chr 2:6), perhaps the same as #1 above. However, they are ascribed different fathers in the two passages. 3. Son of Zimmah, a descendant of Gershon, Levi’s oldest son (1 Chr 6:42). 4. Descendant of Levi through his son Merari, and the son of Kishi (1 Chr 6:44) or Kushaiah (15:17). He was one of three outs...","source":"Articles\/E.xml","external_url":null,"has_map":false,"has_picture":false},{"id":16190,"type":"article","type_label":"Articol","type_icon":"📖","type_color":"#d4af37","title_ro":"Heman","title_en":"Heman","content_ro":"<h3>HEMAN<\/h3>\n<li>1. Lotan’s son, the brother of Hori and a descendant of Seir the Horite (Gn 36:22); alternately spelled Homam in 1 Chronicles 1:39, reflecting a later scribal error.<\/li>\n<li>2. Mahol’s son, descendant of Zerah from Judah’s tribe and one of the sages whose wisdom was surpassed by King Solomon’s (1 Kgs 4:31; 1 Chr 2:6). He is perhaps the Ezrahite and author of Psalm 88.<\/li>\n<li>3. Kohathite Levite, Joel’s son and one appointed, along with Asaph and Ethan (also called Jeduthun), by David to lead the musicians in the sanctuary (1 Chr 6:33; 15:17; 16:41). During the transport of the ark from Obed-edom’s house to Jerusalem, he was responsible for sounding the bronze cymbals (1 Chr 15:19; 2 Chr 5:12). Heman fathered 14 sons and 3 daughters, all of whom served as musicians in the Lord’s house (1 Chr 25:1-6). Later, his descendants participated in the cleansing of the temple during King Hezekiah’s reign (715–686 <span>BC<\/span>; 2 Chr 29:14) and assisted with the Passover celebration initiated by King Josiah (640–609 <span>BC<\/span>; 2 Chr 35:15).<\/li>","content_en":"<h3>HEMAN<\/h3>\n<li>1. Lotan’s son, the brother of Hori and a descendant of Seir the Horite (Gn 36:22); alternately spelled Homam in 1 Chronicles 1:39, reflecting a later scribal error.<\/li>\n<li>2. Mahol’s son, descendant of Zerah from Judah’s tribe and one of the sages whose wisdom was surpassed by King Solomon’s (1 Kgs 4:31; 1 Chr 2:6). He is perhaps the Ezrahite and author of Psalm 88.<\/li>\n<li>3. Kohathite Levite, Joel’s son and one appointed, along with Asaph and Ethan (also called Jeduthun), by David to lead the musicians in the sanctuary (1 Chr 6:33; 15:17; 16:41). During the transport of the ark from Obed-edom’s house to Jerusalem, he was responsible for sounding the bronze cymbals (1 Chr 15:19; 2 Chr 5:12). Heman fathered 14 sons and 3 daughters, all of whom served as musicians in the Lord’s house (1 Chr 25:1-6). Later, his descendants participated in the cleansing of the temple during King Hezekiah’s reign (715–686 <span>BC<\/span>; 2 Chr 29:14) and assisted with the Passover celebration initiated by King Josiah (640–609 <span>BC<\/span>; 2 Chr 35:15).<\/li>","summary_ro":"HEMAN 1. Lotan’s son, the brother of Hori and a descendant of Seir the Horite (Gn 36:22); alternately spelled Homam in 1 Chronicles 1:39, reflecting a later scribal error. 2. Mahol’s son, descendant of Zerah from Judah’s tribe and one of the sages whose wisdom was surpassed by King Solomon’s (1 Kgs 4:31; 1 Chr 2:6). He is perhaps the Ezrahite and author of Psalm 88. 3. Kohathite Levite, Joel’s son and one appointed, along with Asaph and Ethan (also called Jeduthun), by David to lead the music...","summary_en":"HEMAN 1. Lotan’s son, the brother of Hori and a descendant of Seir the Horite (Gn 36:22); alternately spelled Homam in 1 Chronicles 1:39, reflecting a later scribal error. 2. Mahol’s son, descendant of Zerah from Judah’s tribe and one of the sages whose wisdom was surpassed by King Solomon’s (1 Kgs 4:31; 1 Chr 2:6). He is perhaps the Ezrahite and author of Psalm 88. 3. Kohathite Levite, Joel’s son and one appointed, along with Asaph and Ethan (also called Jeduthun), by David to lead the music...","source":"Articles\/H.xml","external_url":null,"has_map":false,"has_picture":false},{"id":38833,"type":"article","type_label":"Articol","type_icon":"📖","type_color":"#d4af37","title_ro":"Zabdi","title_en":"Zabdi","content_ro":"<h3>ZABDI<\/h3>\n<li>1. Zerah’s descendant from Judah’s tribe (Jos 7:1). Achan was a Zerahite of the family of Zabdi (Jos 7:17-18); alternately called Zimri (<span>nlt<\/span> mg, 1 Chr 2:6).<\/li>\n<li>2. Shimei’s son and a descendant of Ehud from Benjamin’s tribe (1 Chr 8:19).<\/li>\n<li>3. David’s officer over the produce of the vineyards for the wine cellars (1 Chr 27:27). He is called a Shiphmite, which likely means that he was a native of Shepham.<\/li>\n<li>4. One of the temple musicians of the order of Asaph (Neh 11:17); alternately called Zicri (1 Chr 9:15).<\/li>","content_en":"<h3>ZABDI<\/h3>\n<li>1. Zerah’s descendant from Judah’s tribe (Jos 7:1). Achan was a Zerahite of the family of Zabdi (Jos 7:17-18); alternately called Zimri (<span>nlt<\/span> mg, 1 Chr 2:6).<\/li>\n<li>2. Shimei’s son and a descendant of Ehud from Benjamin’s tribe (1 Chr 8:19).<\/li>\n<li>3. David’s officer over the produce of the vineyards for the wine cellars (1 Chr 27:27). He is called a Shiphmite, which likely means that he was a native of Shepham.<\/li>\n<li>4. One of the temple musicians of the order of Asaph (Neh 11:17); alternately called Zicri (1 Chr 9:15).<\/li>","summary_ro":"ZABDI 1. Zerah’s descendant from Judah’s tribe (Jos 7:1). Achan was a Zerahite of the family of Zabdi (Jos 7:17-18); alternately called Zimri (nlt mg, 1 Chr 2:6). 2. Shimei’s son and a descendant of Ehud from Benjamin’s tribe (1 Chr 8:19). 3. David’s officer over the produce of the vineyards for the wine cellars (1 Chr 27:27). He is called a Shiphmite, which likely means that he was a native of Shepham. 4. One of the temple musicians of the order of Asaph (Neh 11:17); alternately called Zicri...","summary_en":"ZABDI 1. Zerah’s descendant from Judah’s tribe (Jos 7:1). Achan was a Zerahite of the family of Zabdi (Jos 7:17-18); alternately called Zimri (nlt mg, 1 Chr 2:6). 2. Shimei’s son and a descendant of Ehud from Benjamin’s tribe (1 Chr 8:19). 3. David’s officer over the produce of the vineyards for the wine cellars (1 Chr 27:27). He is called a Shiphmite, which likely means that he was a native of Shepham. 4. One of the temple musicians of the order of Asaph (Neh 11:17); alternately called Zicri...","source":"Articles\/Z.xml","external_url":null,"has_map":false,"has_picture":false},{"id":39237,"type":"article","type_label":"Articol","type_icon":"📖","type_color":"#d4af37","title_ro":"Zerah","title_en":"Zerah","content_ro":"<h3>ZERAH<\/h3>\n<li>1. One of the chiefs of the Edomites (Gn 36:17; 1 Chr 1:37), listed as the son of Reuel, Esau’s son by his wife Basemath, and likely the ancestor of Jobab, who later assumed the position of king of the Edomites (Gn 36:13, 33).<\/li>\n<li>2. One of the twin sons of Judah by his daughter-in-law Tamar (Gn 38:30; 46:12; Mt 1:3). Although Zerah thrust out his hand first, he retracted it, allowing his brother, Perez, to be born first. The descendants of Zerah (the Zerahites) became one of the most influential clans of Judah (Nm 26:20; Jos 7:1, 18; 22:20; 1 Chr 2:4-6; 9:6). Because Ethan and Heman are listed as sons of Zerah in 1 Chronicles 2:6, the Ezrahites mentioned in 1 Kings 4:31 and the titles to Psalms 88 and 89 are also considered to be Zerahites. However, Ethan and Heman are listed as Levites in 1 Chronicles 15:17, thus making it more likely that the Ezrahites were a Levite clan.<\/li>\n<li>3. One of the sons of Simeon from whom the Zerahite clan descended (Nm 26:13; 1 Chr 4:24); alternately called Zohar in Genesis 46:10 and Exodus 6:15.<\/li>\n<li>4. One of the sons of Iddo, from the Gershonite branch of Levi’s tribe (1 Chr 6:21).<\/li>\n<li>5. One of the ancestors of Asaph from Levi’s tribe, listed as the son of Adaiah and the father of Ethni (1 Chr 6:41). Several believe him to be the same individual as #4 above.<\/li>\n<li>6. Commander of the Ethiopians (Cushites) who fought against Asa, king of Judah (2 Chr 14:9). It is difficult to identify this individual or the historical event with any certainty. The most common identification has been with Usarkon II of Egypt. The account of the battle agrees with the chronology of Usarkon’s reign in Egypt, as do the number and nationalities of the troops involved in the conflict.<\/li>","content_en":"<h3>ZERAH<\/h3>\n<li>1. One of the chiefs of the Edomites (Gn 36:17; 1 Chr 1:37), listed as the son of Reuel, Esau’s son by his wife Basemath, and likely the ancestor of Jobab, who later assumed the position of king of the Edomites (Gn 36:13, 33).<\/li>\n<li>2. One of the twin sons of Judah by his daughter-in-law Tamar (Gn 38:30; 46:12; Mt 1:3). Although Zerah thrust out his hand first, he retracted it, allowing his brother, Perez, to be born first. The descendants of Zerah (the Zerahites) became one of the most influential clans of Judah (Nm 26:20; Jos 7:1, 18; 22:20; 1 Chr 2:4-6; 9:6). Because Ethan and Heman are listed as sons of Zerah in 1 Chronicles 2:6, the Ezrahites mentioned in 1 Kings 4:31 and the titles to Psalms 88 and 89 are also considered to be Zerahites. However, Ethan and Heman are listed as Levites in 1 Chronicles 15:17, thus making it more likely that the Ezrahites were a Levite clan.<\/li>\n<li>3. One of the sons of Simeon from whom the Zerahite clan descended (Nm 26:13; 1 Chr 4:24); alternately called Zohar in Genesis 46:10 and Exodus 6:15.<\/li>\n<li>4. One of the sons of Iddo, from the Gershonite branch of Levi’s tribe (1 Chr 6:21).<\/li>\n<li>5. One of the ancestors of Asaph from Levi’s tribe, listed as the son of Adaiah and the father of Ethni (1 Chr 6:41). Several believe him to be the same individual as #4 above.<\/li>\n<li>6. Commander of the Ethiopians (Cushites) who fought against Asa, king of Judah (2 Chr 14:9). It is difficult to identify this individual or the historical event with any certainty. The most common identification has been with Usarkon II of Egypt. The account of the battle agrees with the chronology of Usarkon’s reign in Egypt, as do the number and nationalities of the troops involved in the conflict.<\/li>","summary_ro":"ZERAH 1. One of the chiefs of the Edomites (Gn 36:17; 1 Chr 1:37), listed as the son of Reuel, Esau’s son by his wife Basemath, and likely the ancestor of Jobab, who later assumed the position of king of the Edomites (Gn 36:13, 33). 2. One of the twin sons of Judah by his daughter-in-law Tamar (Gn 38:30; 46:12; Mt 1:3). Although Zerah thrust out his hand first, he retracted it, allowing his brother, Perez, to be born first. The descendants of Zerah (the Zerahites) became one of the most influ...","summary_en":"ZERAH 1. One of the chiefs of the Edomites (Gn 36:17; 1 Chr 1:37), listed as the son of Reuel, Esau’s son by his wife Basemath, and likely the ancestor of Jobab, who later assumed the position of king of the Edomites (Gn 36:13, 33). 2. One of the twin sons of Judah by his daughter-in-law Tamar (Gn 38:30; 46:12; Mt 1:3). Although Zerah thrust out his hand first, he retracted it, allowing his brother, Perez, to be born first. The descendants of Zerah (the Zerahites) became one of the most influ...","source":"Articles\/Z.xml","external_url":null,"has_map":false,"has_picture":false},{"id":39346,"type":"article","type_label":"Articol","type_icon":"📖","type_color":"#d4af37","title_ro":"Zimri (Person)","title_en":"Zimri (Person)","content_ro":"<h3>ZIMRI (P<span>erson<\/span>)<\/h3>\n<li>1. Clan chief of Simeon’s tribe who was killed by Phinehas for consorting with a Midianite woman at Peor (Nm 25:14). Zimri’s sin was magnified by the fact that he did it openly, that he was a leader within his tribe, and that the woman was the daughter of an important Midianite prince.<\/li>\n<li>2. King of Israel for seven days (885 <span>BC<\/span>) following his assassination of Elah and the rest of the family of Baasha (1 Kgs 16:9-12). Zimri, commander of half of the chariot forces, failed to gain the support of the people, who supported Omri, the commander of the army. When Omri marched against Zimri at Tirzah, Zimri committed suicide by burning his palace down (16:15-18). The cruelty of Zimri’s coup is reflected in Jezebel’s later taunt against Jehu, when she compared his duplicity to that of Zimri (2 Kgs 9:31).<\/li>\n<li>3. One of the sons of Zerah, the son of Judah by Tamar (1 Chr 2:6); alternately called Zabdi in the parallel passage in Joshua 7:1, 17. <em>See<\/em> Zabdi #1.<\/li>\n<li>4. Descendant of Saul from Benjamin’s tribe, listed as the son of Jehoaddah and the father of Moza (1 Chr 8:36). He is likely the same as Zimri the son of Jadah (9:42).<\/li>","content_en":"<h3>ZIMRI (P<span>erson<\/span>)<\/h3>\n<li>1. Clan chief of Simeon’s tribe who was killed by Phinehas for consorting with a Midianite woman at Peor (Nm 25:14). Zimri’s sin was magnified by the fact that he did it openly, that he was a leader within his tribe, and that the woman was the daughter of an important Midianite prince.<\/li>\n<li>2. King of Israel for seven days (885 <span>BC<\/span>) following his assassination of Elah and the rest of the family of Baasha (1 Kgs 16:9-12). Zimri, commander of half of the chariot forces, failed to gain the support of the people, who supported Omri, the commander of the army. When Omri marched against Zimri at Tirzah, Zimri committed suicide by burning his palace down (16:15-18). The cruelty of Zimri’s coup is reflected in Jezebel’s later taunt against Jehu, when she compared his duplicity to that of Zimri (2 Kgs 9:31).<\/li>\n<li>3. One of the sons of Zerah, the son of Judah by Tamar (1 Chr 2:6); alternately called Zabdi in the parallel passage in Joshua 7:1, 17. <em>See<\/em> Zabdi #1.<\/li>\n<li>4. Descendant of Saul from Benjamin’s tribe, listed as the son of Jehoaddah and the father of Moza (1 Chr 8:36). He is likely the same as Zimri the son of Jadah (9:42).<\/li>","summary_ro":"ZIMRI (Person) 1. Clan chief of Simeon’s tribe who was killed by Phinehas for consorting with a Midianite woman at Peor (Nm 25:14). Zimri’s sin was magnified by the fact that he did it openly, that he was a leader within his tribe, and that the woman was the daughter of an important Midianite prince. 2. King of Israel for seven days (885 BC) following his assassination of Elah and the rest of the family of Baasha (1 Kgs 16:9-12). Zimri, commander of half of the chariot forces, failed to gain ...","summary_en":"ZIMRI (Person) 1. Clan chief of Simeon’s tribe who was killed by Phinehas for consorting with a Midianite woman at Peor (Nm 25:14). Zimri’s sin was magnified by the fact that he did it openly, that he was a leader within his tribe, and that the woman was the daughter of an important Midianite prince. 2. King of Israel for seven days (885 BC) following his assassination of Elah and the rest of the family of Baasha (1 Kgs 16:9-12). Zimri, commander of half of the chariot forces, failed to gain ...","source":"Articles\/Z.xml","external_url":null,"has_map":false,"has_picture":false},{"id":47547,"type":"study_note","type_label":"Notă de studiu","type_icon":"📝","type_color":"#06b6d4","title_ro":"Notă de studiu: 1 Cronici 2:6","title_en":"Study Note: 1 Cronici 2:6","content_ro":"<p><strong>2:6-8<\/strong> For the genealogy of <em>Zerah,<\/em> cp. Josh 7:1, 17; 1 Kgs 4:31 (Mahol might be another name for Zerah).<\/p>","content_en":"<p><strong>2:6-8<\/strong> For the genealogy of <em>Zerah,<\/em> cp. Josh 7:1, 17; 1 Kgs 4:31 (Mahol might be another name for Zerah).<\/p>","summary_ro":"2:6-8 For the genealogy of Zerah, cp. Josh 7:1, 17; 1 Kgs 4:31 (Mahol might be another name for Zerah).","summary_en":"2:6-8 For the genealogy of Zerah, cp. Josh 7:1, 17; 1 Kgs 4:31 (Mahol might be another name for Zerah).","source":"StudyNotes.xml","external_url":null,"has_map":false,"has_picture":false},{"id":75173,"type":"study_note","type_label":"Notă de studiu","type_icon":"📝","type_color":"#06b6d4","title_ro":"Notă de studiu: 1 Cronici 2:6","title_en":"Study Note: 1 Cronici 2:6","content_ro":"<p><strong>2:6-8<\/strong> For the genealogy of <em>Zerah,<\/em> cp. Josh 7:1, 17; 1 Kgs 4:31 (Mahol might be another name for Zerah).<\/p>","content_en":"<p><strong>2:6-8<\/strong> For the genealogy of <em>Zerah,<\/em> cp. Josh 7:1, 17; 1 Kgs 4:31 (Mahol might be another name for Zerah).<\/p>","summary_ro":"2:6-8 For the genealogy of Zerah, cp. Josh 7:1, 17; 1 Kgs 4:31 (Mahol might be another name for Zerah).","summary_en":"2:6-8 For the genealogy of Zerah, cp. Josh 7:1, 17; 1 Kgs 4:31 (Mahol might be another name for Zerah).","source":"StudyNotes.xml","external_url":null,"has_map":false,"has_picture":false},{"id":102799,"type":"study_note","type_label":"Notă de studiu","type_icon":"📝","type_color":"#06b6d4","title_ro":"Notă de studiu: 1 Cronici 2:6","title_en":"Study Note: 1 Cronici 2:6","content_ro":"<p><strong>2:6-8<\/strong> For the genealogy of <em>Zerah,<\/em> cp. Josh 7:1, 17; 1 Kgs 4:31 (Mahol might be another name for Zerah).<\/p>","content_en":"<p><strong>2:6-8<\/strong> For the genealogy of <em>Zerah,<\/em> cp. Josh 7:1, 17; 1 Kgs 4:31 (Mahol might be another name for Zerah).<\/p>","summary_ro":"2:6-8 For the genealogy of Zerah, cp. Josh 7:1, 17; 1 Kgs 4:31 (Mahol might be another name for Zerah).","summary_en":"2:6-8 For the genealogy of Zerah, cp. Josh 7:1, 17; 1 Kgs 4:31 (Mahol might be another name for Zerah).","source":"StudyNotes.xml","external_url":null,"has_map":false,"has_picture":false},{"id":130425,"type":"study_note","type_label":"Notă de studiu","type_icon":"📝","type_color":"#06b6d4","title_ro":"Notă de studiu: 1 Cronici 2:6","title_en":"Study Note: 1 Cronici 2:6","content_ro":"<p><strong>2:6-8<\/strong> For the genealogy of <em>Zerah,<\/em> cp. Josh 7:1, 17; 1 Kgs 4:31 (Mahol might be another name for Zerah).<\/p>","content_en":"<p><strong>2:6-8<\/strong> For the genealogy of <em>Zerah,<\/em> cp. Josh 7:1, 17; 1 Kgs 4:31 (Mahol might be another name for Zerah).<\/p>","summary_ro":"2:6-8 For the genealogy of Zerah, cp. Josh 7:1, 17; 1 Kgs 4:31 (Mahol might be another name for Zerah).","summary_en":"2:6-8 For the genealogy of Zerah, cp. Josh 7:1, 17; 1 Kgs 4:31 (Mahol might be another name for Zerah).","source":"StudyNotes.xml","external_url":null,"has_map":false,"has_picture":false}],"7":[{"id":328,"type":"article","type_label":"Articol","type_icon":"📖","type_color":"#d4af37","title_ro":"Achan, Achar*","title_en":"Achan, Achar*","content_ro":"<h3>ACHAN, ACHAR*<\/h3>\n<p>Member of Judah’s tribe who kept some of the spoils from the Israelite victory at Jericho in violation of Joshua’s order and God’s command (Jos 6:1–7:1). A subsequent Israelite defeat at Ai, a weaker city than Jericho, revealed God’s anger to Joshua. With God’s help, Joshua determined which of the Israelites had been guilty of disobedience. Achan confessed that he had buried a robe and some gold and silver from Jericho in his tent (Jos 7:20-22). The recovered loot was taken to the valley of Achor (meaning “trouble,” “calamity”), where Achan and his family were stoned. In the Hebrew text, 1 Chronicles 2:7 gives Achan’s name as Achar (“disaster”) because he “brought disaster on Israel by taking plunder that had been set apart for the <span>Lord<\/span>” (<span>nlt<\/span>).<\/p>","content_en":"<h3>ACHAN, ACHAR*<\/h3>\n<p>Member of Judah’s tribe who kept some of the spoils from the Israelite victory at Jericho in violation of Joshua’s order and God’s command (Jos 6:1–7:1). A subsequent Israelite defeat at Ai, a weaker city than Jericho, revealed God’s anger to Joshua. With God’s help, Joshua determined which of the Israelites had been guilty of disobedience. Achan confessed that he had buried a robe and some gold and silver from Jericho in his tent (Jos 7:20-22). The recovered loot was taken to the valley of Achor (meaning “trouble,” “calamity”), where Achan and his family were stoned. In the Hebrew text, 1 Chronicles 2:7 gives Achan’s name as Achar (“disaster”) because he “brought disaster on Israel by taking plunder that had been set apart for the <span>Lord<\/span>” (<span>nlt<\/span>).<\/p>","summary_ro":"ACHAN, ACHAR* Member of Judah’s tribe who kept some of the spoils from the Israelite victory at Jericho in violation of Joshua’s order and God’s command (Jos 6:1–7:1). A subsequent Israelite defeat at Ai, a weaker city than Jericho, revealed God’s anger to Joshua. With God’s help, Joshua determined which of the Israelites had been guilty of disobedience. Achan confessed that he had buried a robe and some gold and silver from Jericho in his tent (Jos 7:20-22). The recovered loot was taken to t...","summary_en":"ACHAN, ACHAR* Member of Judah’s tribe who kept some of the spoils from the Israelite victory at Jericho in violation of Joshua’s order and God’s command (Jos 6:1–7:1). A subsequent Israelite defeat at Ai, a weaker city than Jericho, revealed God’s anger to Joshua. With God’s help, Joshua determined which of the Israelites had been guilty of disobedience. Achan confessed that he had buried a robe and some gold and silver from Jericho in his tent (Jos 7:20-22). The recovered loot was taken to t...","source":"Articles\/A.xml","external_url":null,"has_map":false,"has_picture":false},{"id":341,"type":"article","type_label":"Articol","type_icon":"📖","type_color":"#d4af37","title_ro":"Achor","title_en":"Achor","content_ro":"<h3>ACHOR<\/h3>\n<p>Valley that received its name when Achan, the troubler of Israel, was stoned and burned there (Jos 7:24-26; cf. 1 Chr 2:7). Achor was on the northern boundary of Judah’s tribal allotment (Jos 15:7). Later, the valley is mentioned in prophecies of Israel’s future blessings. A valley once known as the scene of Israel’s trouble would become “a door of hope” and a place for joyful singing (Hos 2:15); a place of relative desolation would one day become a place for herds to lie down (Is 65:10). The valley of Achor is commonly identified as the Buqei‘ah.<\/p>","content_en":"<h3>ACHOR<\/h3>\n<p>Valley that received its name when Achan, the troubler of Israel, was stoned and burned there (Jos 7:24-26; cf. 1 Chr 2:7). Achor was on the northern boundary of Judah’s tribal allotment (Jos 15:7). Later, the valley is mentioned in prophecies of Israel’s future blessings. A valley once known as the scene of Israel’s trouble would become “a door of hope” and a place for joyful singing (Hos 2:15); a place of relative desolation would one day become a place for herds to lie down (Is 65:10). The valley of Achor is commonly identified as the Buqei‘ah.<\/p>","summary_ro":"ACHOR Valley that received its name when Achan, the troubler of Israel, was stoned and burned there (Jos 7:24-26; cf. 1 Chr 2:7). Achor was on the northern boundary of Judah’s tribal allotment (Jos 15:7). Later, the valley is mentioned in prophecies of Israel’s future blessings. A valley once known as the scene of Israel’s trouble would become “a door of hope” and a place for joyful singing (Hos 2:15); a place of relative desolation would one day become a place for herds to lie down (Is 65:10...","summary_en":"ACHOR Valley that received its name when Achan, the troubler of Israel, was stoned and burned there (Jos 7:24-26; cf. 1 Chr 2:7). Achor was on the northern boundary of Judah’s tribal allotment (Jos 15:7). Later, the valley is mentioned in prophecies of Israel’s future blessings. A valley once known as the scene of Israel’s trouble would become “a door of hope” and a place for joyful singing (Hos 2:15); a place of relative desolation would one day become a place for herds to lie down (Is 65:10...","source":"Articles\/A.xml","external_url":null,"has_map":false,"has_picture":false},{"id":6102,"type":"article","type_label":"Articol","type_icon":"📖","type_color":"#d4af37","title_ro":"Carmi","title_en":"Carmi","content_ro":"<h3>CARMI<\/h3>\n<li>1. One of Reuben’s sons; he accompanied his grandfather Jacob into Egypt (Gn 46:9; Ex 6:14; 1 Chr 5:3) and founded the family of Carmites (Nm 26:5-7).<\/li>\n<li>2. Achan’s father and a member of Judah’s tribe (Jos 7:1, 18; 1 Chr 2:7; 4:1).<\/li>","content_en":"<h3>CARMI<\/h3>\n<li>1. One of Reuben’s sons; he accompanied his grandfather Jacob into Egypt (Gn 46:9; Ex 6:14; 1 Chr 5:3) and founded the family of Carmites (Nm 26:5-7).<\/li>\n<li>2. Achan’s father and a member of Judah’s tribe (Jos 7:1, 18; 1 Chr 2:7; 4:1).<\/li>","summary_ro":"CARMI 1. One of Reuben’s sons; he accompanied his grandfather Jacob into Egypt (Gn 46:9; Ex 6:14; 1 Chr 5:3) and founded the family of Carmites (Nm 26:5-7). 2. Achan’s father and a member of Judah’s tribe (Jos 7:1, 18; 1 Chr 2:7; 4:1).","summary_en":"CARMI 1. One of Reuben’s sons; he accompanied his grandfather Jacob into Egypt (Gn 46:9; Ex 6:14; 1 Chr 5:3) and founded the family of Carmites (Nm 26:5-7). 2. Achan’s father and a member of Judah’s tribe (Jos 7:1, 18; 1 Chr 2:7; 4:1).","source":"Articles\/C.xml","external_url":null,"has_map":false,"has_picture":false},{"id":47548,"type":"study_note","type_label":"Notă de studiu","type_icon":"📝","type_color":"#06b6d4","title_ro":"Notă de studiu: 1 Cronici 2:7","title_en":"Study Note: 1 Cronici 2:7","content_ro":"<p><strong>2:7<\/strong> <em>set apart for the<\/em> <span>Lord<\/span><em>:<\/em> See “Complete Destruction” Theme Note.<\/p>","content_en":"<p><strong>2:7<\/strong> <em>set apart for the<\/em> <span>Lord<\/span><em>:<\/em> See “Complete Destruction” Theme Note.<\/p>","summary_ro":"2:7 set apart for the Lord: See “Complete Destruction” Theme Note.","summary_en":"2:7 set apart for the Lord: See “Complete Destruction” Theme Note.","source":"StudyNotes.xml","external_url":null,"has_map":false,"has_picture":false},{"id":75174,"type":"study_note","type_label":"Notă de studiu","type_icon":"📝","type_color":"#06b6d4","title_ro":"Notă de studiu: 1 Cronici 2:7","title_en":"Study Note: 1 Cronici 2:7","content_ro":"<p><strong>2:7<\/strong> <em>set apart for the<\/em> <span>Lord<\/span><em>:<\/em> See “Complete Destruction” Theme Note.<\/p>","content_en":"<p><strong>2:7<\/strong> <em>set apart for the<\/em> <span>Lord<\/span><em>:<\/em> See “Complete Destruction” Theme Note.<\/p>","summary_ro":"2:7 set apart for the Lord: See “Complete Destruction” Theme Note.","summary_en":"2:7 set apart for the Lord: See “Complete Destruction” Theme Note.","source":"StudyNotes.xml","external_url":null,"has_map":false,"has_picture":false},{"id":102800,"type":"study_note","type_label":"Notă de studiu","type_icon":"📝","type_color":"#06b6d4","title_ro":"Notă de studiu: 1 Cronici 2:7","title_en":"Study Note: 1 Cronici 2:7","content_ro":"<p><strong>2:7<\/strong> <em>set apart for the<\/em> <span>Lord<\/span><em>:<\/em> See “Complete Destruction” Theme Note.<\/p>","content_en":"<p><strong>2:7<\/strong> <em>set apart for the<\/em> <span>Lord<\/span><em>:<\/em> See “Complete Destruction” Theme Note.<\/p>","summary_ro":"2:7 set apart for the Lord: See “Complete Destruction” Theme Note.","summary_en":"2:7 set apart for the Lord: See “Complete Destruction” Theme Note.","source":"StudyNotes.xml","external_url":null,"has_map":false,"has_picture":false},{"id":130426,"type":"study_note","type_label":"Notă de studiu","type_icon":"📝","type_color":"#06b6d4","title_ro":"Notă de studiu: 1 Cronici 2:7","title_en":"Study Note: 1 Cronici 2:7","content_ro":"<p><strong>2:7<\/strong> <em>set apart for the<\/em> <span>Lord<\/span><em>:<\/em> See “Complete Destruction” Theme Note.<\/p>","content_en":"<p><strong>2:7<\/strong> <em>set apart for the<\/em> <span>Lord<\/span><em>:<\/em> See “Complete Destruction” Theme Note.<\/p>","summary_ro":"2:7 set apart for the Lord: See “Complete Destruction” Theme Note.","summary_en":"2:7 set apart for the Lord: See “Complete Destruction” Theme Note.","source":"StudyNotes.xml","external_url":null,"has_map":false,"has_picture":false}],"8":[{"id":3267,"type":"article","type_label":"Articol","type_icon":"📖","type_color":"#d4af37","title_ro":"Azariah","title_en":"Azariah","content_ro":"<h3>AZARIAH<\/h3>\n<p>Very common Jewish name. Its numerous occurrences in the priestly genealogies has caused much confusion. The following is one of several possible arrangements:<\/p>\n<li> 1. Zadok’s son or grandson. According to most translations, Azariah was high priest during Solomon’s reign (1 Kgs 4:2). It is possible, however, that his position should be understood as that of a special counselor or keeper of the royal calendar.<\/li>\n<li> 2. Nathan’s son, a high official in King Solomon’s court. He was chief officer over the 12 regional administrators (1 Kgs 4:5).<\/li>\n<li> 3. Amaziah’s son, king of Judah (2 Kgs 14:21; 15:1-7), more frequently known as Uzziah. <em>See<\/em> Uzziah #1.<\/li>\n<li> 4. Ethan’s son, a descendant of Judah (1 Chr 2:8).<\/li>\n<li> 5. Jehu’s son, another descendant of Judah (1 Chr 2:38).<\/li>\n<li> 6. Ahimaaz’s son and Zadok’s grandson (1 Chr 6:9). If Azariah #1 was indeed a high priest, this Azariah could be identified with him.<\/li>\n<li> 7. Johanan’s son and Amariah’s father (1 Chr 6:10-11). He is identical with the Azariah of Ezra 7:3 and 2 Esdras 1:2, whose father (meaning “ancestor”) was Meraioth. The parenthetical note about Solomon’s temple (1 Chr 6:10) is generally held to go with the Azariah of verse 9 (see #6 above). It is possible, however, that this Azariah served in the temple (built by Solomon) during the reign of Uzziah and is therefore identical with #17 below.<\/li>\n<li> 8. Hilkiah’s son and Seriah’s father (1 Chr 6:13-14; Ezr 7:1; 2 Esd 1:1). Some have identified this Azariah with #10 or #11 below.<\/li>\n<li> 9. Zephaniah’s son, an ancestor of the singer Heman. Heman sang in the worship ritual instituted by King David (1 Chr 6:36).<\/li>\n<li>10. Hilkiah’s son or descendant, one of the first priests to settle in Jerusalem after the exile (1 Chr 9:11; “Seraiah,” Neh 11:11).<\/li>\n<li>11. Oded’s son, a prophet in the days of King Asa of Judah. He encouraged Asa to initiate badly needed reforms in the king’s 15th year (2 Chr 15:1-15).<\/li>\n<li>12, 13. Two sons of King Jehoshaphat of Judah. Along with four of their brothers, they were killed for political reasons by Jehoram, heir to the throne (2 Chr 21:1-4).<\/li>\n<li>14. Alternate name of Ahaziah, king of Judah (2 Chr 22:6, <span>kjv<\/span>). <em>See<\/em> Ahaziah #2.<\/li>\n<li>15. Jehoram’s son, one of Judah’s military commanders. This Azariah followed Jehoiada the priest in a rebellion that resulted in the execution of Queen Athaliah and the crowning of Joash as king (2 Chr 23:1).<\/li>\n<li>16. Obed’s son, another of the five commanders in league with Jehoiada against Athaliah (2 Chr 23:1).<\/li>\n<li>17. High priest in Jerusalem during the reign of King Uzziah (2 Chr 26:16-21). He opposed Uzziah’s arrogant attempt to burn incense on the altar. Perhaps the same as #7 above.<\/li>\n<li>18. Johanan’s son, a leader of Ephraim’s tribe. Azariah and other leaders of the tribe joined the prophet Obed in protesting the capture of Judean prisoners by King Pekah of Israel and in effecting their release (2 Chr 28:12).<\/li>\n<li>19. Descendant of Kohath and the father of a Levite named Joel. Joel participated in the temple cleansing instituted by King Hezekiah of Judah (2 Chr 29:12).<\/li>\n<li>20. Jehallelel’s son. This Azariah, a descendant of Merari, also participated in Hezekiah’s cleansing of the temple (2 Chr 29:12).<\/li>\n<li>21. Zadok’s descendant and high priest during the reign of Hezekiah of Judah (2 Chr 31:10, 13). He participated in Hezekiah’s massive religious reforms.<\/li>\n<li>22. Maaseiah’s son, a householder in Jerusalem who participated in Nehemiah’s rebuilding of the wall (Neh 3:23).<\/li>\n<li>23. Leader who returned to Judah with Zerubbabel after the Babylonian exile (Neh 7:7; “Seraiah,” Ezr 2:2).<\/li>\n<li>24. Levitical assistant of Ezra who explained to the people passages from the law read by Ezra (Neh 8:7).<\/li>\n<li>25. Priest who signed Ezra’s covenant of faithfulness to God with Nehemiah and others after the exile (Neh 10:2).<\/li>\n<li>26. Participant in the dedication of the rebuilt wall of Jerusalem (Neh 12:33).<\/li>\n<li>27. Alternate form of Jaazaniah, the name of Hoshaiah’s son, in Jeremiah 42:1 and 43:2. <em>See<\/em> Jaazaniah #1.<\/li>\n<li>28. One of the three young Jews taken into captivity with Daniel. In Babylon he was renamed Abednego (Dn 1:6-7, 11, 19; 2:17). <em>See<\/em> Shadrach, Meshach, and Abednego.<\/li>","content_en":"<h3>AZARIAH<\/h3>\n<p>Very common Jewish name. Its numerous occurrences in the priestly genealogies has caused much confusion. The following is one of several possible arrangements:<\/p>\n<li> 1. Zadok’s son or grandson. According to most translations, Azariah was high priest during Solomon’s reign (1 Kgs 4:2). It is possible, however, that his position should be understood as that of a special counselor or keeper of the royal calendar.<\/li>\n<li> 2. Nathan’s son, a high official in King Solomon’s court. He was chief officer over the 12 regional administrators (1 Kgs 4:5).<\/li>\n<li> 3. Amaziah’s son, king of Judah (2 Kgs 14:21; 15:1-7), more frequently known as Uzziah. <em>See<\/em> Uzziah #1.<\/li>\n<li> 4. Ethan’s son, a descendant of Judah (1 Chr 2:8).<\/li>\n<li> 5. Jehu’s son, another descendant of Judah (1 Chr 2:38).<\/li>\n<li> 6. Ahimaaz’s son and Zadok’s grandson (1 Chr 6:9). If Azariah #1 was indeed a high priest, this Azariah could be identified with him.<\/li>\n<li> 7. Johanan’s son and Amariah’s father (1 Chr 6:10-11). He is identical with the Azariah of Ezra 7:3 and 2 Esdras 1:2, whose father (meaning “ancestor”) was Meraioth. The parenthetical note about Solomon’s temple (1 Chr 6:10) is generally held to go with the Azariah of verse 9 (see #6 above). It is possible, however, that this Azariah served in the temple (built by Solomon) during the reign of Uzziah and is therefore identical with #17 below.<\/li>\n<li> 8. Hilkiah’s son and Seriah’s father (1 Chr 6:13-14; Ezr 7:1; 2 Esd 1:1). Some have identified this Azariah with #10 or #11 below.<\/li>\n<li> 9. Zephaniah’s son, an ancestor of the singer Heman. Heman sang in the worship ritual instituted by King David (1 Chr 6:36).<\/li>\n<li>10. Hilkiah’s son or descendant, one of the first priests to settle in Jerusalem after the exile (1 Chr 9:11; “Seraiah,” Neh 11:11).<\/li>\n<li>11. Oded’s son, a prophet in the days of King Asa of Judah. He encouraged Asa to initiate badly needed reforms in the king’s 15th year (2 Chr 15:1-15).<\/li>\n<li>12, 13. Two sons of King Jehoshaphat of Judah. Along with four of their brothers, they were killed for political reasons by Jehoram, heir to the throne (2 Chr 21:1-4).<\/li>\n<li>14. Alternate name of Ahaziah, king of Judah (2 Chr 22:6, <span>kjv<\/span>). <em>See<\/em> Ahaziah #2.<\/li>\n<li>15. Jehoram’s son, one of Judah’s military commanders. This Azariah followed Jehoiada the priest in a rebellion that resulted in the execution of Queen Athaliah and the crowning of Joash as king (2 Chr 23:1).<\/li>\n<li>16. Obed’s son, another of the five commanders in league with Jehoiada against Athaliah (2 Chr 23:1).<\/li>\n<li>17. High priest in Jerusalem during the reign of King Uzziah (2 Chr 26:16-21). He opposed Uzziah’s arrogant attempt to burn incense on the altar. Perhaps the same as #7 above.<\/li>\n<li>18. Johanan’s son, a leader of Ephraim’s tribe. Azariah and other leaders of the tribe joined the prophet Obed in protesting the capture of Judean prisoners by King Pekah of Israel and in effecting their release (2 Chr 28:12).<\/li>\n<li>19. Descendant of Kohath and the father of a Levite named Joel. Joel participated in the temple cleansing instituted by King Hezekiah of Judah (2 Chr 29:12).<\/li>\n<li>20. Jehallelel’s son. This Azariah, a descendant of Merari, also participated in Hezekiah’s cleansing of the temple (2 Chr 29:12).<\/li>\n<li>21. Zadok’s descendant and high priest during the reign of Hezekiah of Judah (2 Chr 31:10, 13). He participated in Hezekiah’s massive religious reforms.<\/li>\n<li>22. Maaseiah’s son, a householder in Jerusalem who participated in Nehemiah’s rebuilding of the wall (Neh 3:23).<\/li>\n<li>23. Leader who returned to Judah with Zerubbabel after the Babylonian exile (Neh 7:7; “Seraiah,” Ezr 2:2).<\/li>\n<li>24. Levitical assistant of Ezra who explained to the people passages from the law read by Ezra (Neh 8:7).<\/li>\n<li>25. Priest who signed Ezra’s covenant of faithfulness to God with Nehemiah and others after the exile (Neh 10:2).<\/li>\n<li>26. Participant in the dedication of the rebuilt wall of Jerusalem (Neh 12:33).<\/li>\n<li>27. Alternate form of Jaazaniah, the name of Hoshaiah’s son, in Jeremiah 42:1 and 43:2. <em>See<\/em> Jaazaniah #1.<\/li>\n<li>28. One of the three young Jews taken into captivity with Daniel. In Babylon he was renamed Abednego (Dn 1:6-7, 11, 19; 2:17). <em>See<\/em> Shadrach, Meshach, and Abednego.<\/li>","summary_ro":"AZARIAH Very common Jewish name. Its numerous occurrences in the priestly genealogies has caused much confusion. The following is one of several possible arrangements: 1. Zadok’s son or grandson. According to most translations, Azariah was high priest during Solomon’s reign (1 Kgs 4:2). It is possible, however, that his position should be understood as that of a special counselor or keeper of the royal calendar. 2. Nathan’s son, a high official in King Solomon’s court. He was chief officer ov...","summary_en":"AZARIAH Very common Jewish name. Its numerous occurrences in the priestly genealogies has caused much confusion. The following is one of several possible arrangements: 1. Zadok’s son or grandson. According to most translations, Azariah was high priest during Solomon’s reign (1 Kgs 4:2). It is possible, however, that his position should be understood as that of a special counselor or keeper of the royal calendar. 2. Nathan’s son, a high official in King Solomon’s court. He was chief officer ov...","source":"Articles\/A.xml","external_url":null,"has_map":false,"has_picture":false}],"9":[{"id":2754,"type":"article","type_label":"Articol","type_icon":"📖","type_color":"#d4af37","title_ro":"Arni","title_en":"Arni","content_ro":"<h3>ARNI<\/h3>\n<p>Ancestor of Jesus according to Luke’s genealogy (3:33); also called Ram in Ruth 4:19 and 1 Chronicles 2:9-10.<\/p>","content_en":"<h3>ARNI<\/h3>\n<p>Ancestor of Jesus according to Luke’s genealogy (3:33); also called Ram in Ruth 4:19 and 1 Chronicles 2:9-10.<\/p>","summary_ro":"ARNI Ancestor of Jesus according to Luke’s genealogy (3:33); also called Ram in Ruth 4:19 and 1 Chronicles 2:9-10.","summary_en":"ARNI Ancestor of Jesus according to Luke’s genealogy (3:33); also called Ram in Ruth 4:19 and 1 Chronicles 2:9-10.","source":"Articles\/A.xml","external_url":null,"has_map":false,"has_picture":false},{"id":5964,"type":"article","type_label":"Articol","type_icon":"📖","type_color":"#d4af37","title_ro":"Caleb","title_en":"Caleb","content_ro":"<h3>CALEB<\/h3>\n<li>1. Son of Jephunneh the Kenizzite (Nm 32:12; Jos 14:6) and older brother of Kenaz (Jgs 1:13). Caleb was one of the 12 spies sent to scout out the land of Canaan. Although he and Joshua, another spy, recommended an immediate attack, their suggestion was rejected by the Israelite tribes because of other reports of heavily defended fortresses. Consequently, entrance into Canaan, the Promised Land, was delayed for some years as a divine judgment (Nm 14:21-23, 34-35).<\/li>\n<p>When Israel under Joshua’s leadership finally occupied Canaan, Caleb, at age 85 (Jos 14:6-7, 10), was assigned Hebron, which he conquered by overcoming its Anakim inhabitants (vv 13-14). Caleb offered his daughter Achsah to whomever would overthrow nearby Debir (Kiriath-sepher). Othniel, Kenaz’s son and Achsah’s cousin, was able to claim her as his wife by conquering the town (15:16-17).<\/p>\n<p>Hebron later became a Levitical city of refuge (Jos 21:13; 1 Chr 6:55-57). In some portion of Caleb’s territory David spent time as an outlaw and met his future wife Abigail, then the wife of Nabal, a Calebite (1 Sm 25:3). Here also his wives were captured by Amalekite marauders who had raided southern Judah and “the Negev of Caleb” (1 Sm 30:14).<\/p>\n<li>2. Hezron’s son and brother of Jerahmeel (1 Chr 2:18, 42), also called Chelubai (v 9). Many scholars, however, believe that this Caleb is the same as #1 above because (1) Achsah is mentioned as the daughter of both (v 49); and (2) the prominent place of an otherwise unknown Caleb in the genealogy would be hard to account for. According to these scholars, Caleb was listed as a son of Hezron (the grandson of Judah) in order to establish his position and inheritance in Judah’s tribe. In reality, however, Caleb was a foreigner, son of Jephunneh, a Kenizzite, who had joined himself and his clan to Judah’s tribe. Some support this view by arguing that Caleb is a Horite rather than Israelite name.<\/li>\n<li>3. Hur’s son, according to the <span>kjv<\/span> (1 Chr 2:50). Most likely, however, the <span>kjv<\/span> joins what should be two separate phrases. The <span>nlt<\/span> correctly renders it, “These were all descendants of Caleb. The sons of Hur . . .”<\/li>","content_en":"<h3>CALEB<\/h3>\n<li>1. Son of Jephunneh the Kenizzite (Nm 32:12; Jos 14:6) and older brother of Kenaz (Jgs 1:13). Caleb was one of the 12 spies sent to scout out the land of Canaan. Although he and Joshua, another spy, recommended an immediate attack, their suggestion was rejected by the Israelite tribes because of other reports of heavily defended fortresses. Consequently, entrance into Canaan, the Promised Land, was delayed for some years as a divine judgment (Nm 14:21-23, 34-35).<\/li>\n<p>When Israel under Joshua’s leadership finally occupied Canaan, Caleb, at age 85 (Jos 14:6-7, 10), was assigned Hebron, which he conquered by overcoming its Anakim inhabitants (vv 13-14). Caleb offered his daughter Achsah to whomever would overthrow nearby Debir (Kiriath-sepher). Othniel, Kenaz’s son and Achsah’s cousin, was able to claim her as his wife by conquering the town (15:16-17).<\/p>\n<p>Hebron later became a Levitical city of refuge (Jos 21:13; 1 Chr 6:55-57). In some portion of Caleb’s territory David spent time as an outlaw and met his future wife Abigail, then the wife of Nabal, a Calebite (1 Sm 25:3). Here also his wives were captured by Amalekite marauders who had raided southern Judah and “the Negev of Caleb” (1 Sm 30:14).<\/p>\n<li>2. Hezron’s son and brother of Jerahmeel (1 Chr 2:18, 42), also called Chelubai (v 9). Many scholars, however, believe that this Caleb is the same as #1 above because (1) Achsah is mentioned as the daughter of both (v 49); and (2) the prominent place of an otherwise unknown Caleb in the genealogy would be hard to account for. According to these scholars, Caleb was listed as a son of Hezron (the grandson of Judah) in order to establish his position and inheritance in Judah’s tribe. In reality, however, Caleb was a foreigner, son of Jephunneh, a Kenizzite, who had joined himself and his clan to Judah’s tribe. Some support this view by arguing that Caleb is a Horite rather than Israelite name.<\/li>\n<li>3. Hur’s son, according to the <span>kjv<\/span> (1 Chr 2:50). Most likely, however, the <span>kjv<\/span> joins what should be two separate phrases. The <span>nlt<\/span> correctly renders it, “These were all descendants of Caleb. The sons of Hur . . .”<\/li>","summary_ro":"CALEB 1. Son of Jephunneh the Kenizzite (Nm 32:12; Jos 14:6) and older brother of Kenaz (Jgs 1:13). Caleb was one of the 12 spies sent to scout out the land of Canaan. Although he and Joshua, another spy, recommended an immediate attack, their suggestion was rejected by the Israelite tribes because of other reports of heavily defended fortresses. Consequently, entrance into Canaan, the Promised Land, was delayed for some years as a divine judgment (Nm 14:21-23, 34-35). When Israel under Joshu...","summary_en":"CALEB 1. Son of Jephunneh the Kenizzite (Nm 32:12; Jos 14:6) and older brother of Kenaz (Jgs 1:13). Caleb was one of the 12 spies sent to scout out the land of Canaan. Although he and Joshua, another spy, recommended an immediate attack, their suggestion was rejected by the Israelite tribes because of other reports of heavily defended fortresses. Consequently, entrance into Canaan, the Promised Land, was delayed for some years as a divine judgment (Nm 14:21-23, 34-35). When Israel under Joshu...","source":"Articles\/C.xml","external_url":null,"has_map":false,"has_picture":false},{"id":6254,"type":"article","type_label":"Articol","type_icon":"📖","type_color":"#d4af37","title_ro":"Chelubai*","title_en":"Chelubai*","content_ro":"<h3>CHELUBAI*<\/h3>\n<p>Hezron’s son and the brother of Jerahmeel (1 Chr 2:9); alternately called Caleb in 1 Chronicles 2:18, 42. <em>See<\/em> Caleb #2.<\/p>","content_en":"<h3>CHELUBAI*<\/h3>\n<p>Hezron’s son and the brother of Jerahmeel (1 Chr 2:9); alternately called Caleb in 1 Chronicles 2:18, 42. <em>See<\/em> Caleb #2.<\/p>","summary_ro":"CHELUBAI* Hezron’s son and the brother of Jerahmeel (1 Chr 2:9); alternately called Caleb in 1 Chronicles 2:18, 42. See Caleb #2.","summary_en":"CHELUBAI* Hezron’s son and the brother of Jerahmeel (1 Chr 2:9); alternately called Caleb in 1 Chronicles 2:18, 42. See Caleb #2.","source":"Articles\/C.xml","external_url":null,"has_map":false,"has_picture":false},{"id":18915,"type":"article","type_label":"Articol","type_icon":"📖","type_color":"#d4af37","title_ro":"Jerahmeel","title_en":"Jerahmeel","content_ro":"<h3>JERAHMEEL<\/h3>\n<li>1. Firstborn of Hezron’s three sons, the father of six sons and a descendant of Judah through Perez’s line (1 Chr 2:9-42). He was the founder of the family of Jerahmeelites, who in David’s time lived in the Negev region and occupied a number of cities (1 Sm 27:10; 30:29).<\/li>\n<li>2. Kish’s son and a Levite family leader who served in the sanctuary during David’s reign (1 Chr 24:29).<\/li>\n<li>3. Son of King Jehoiakim of Judah and one who, with Shelemiah and Seraiah, was ordered by the king to seize Baruch and Jeremiah (Jer 36:26).<\/li>","content_en":"<h3>JERAHMEEL<\/h3>\n<li>1. Firstborn of Hezron’s three sons, the father of six sons and a descendant of Judah through Perez’s line (1 Chr 2:9-42). He was the founder of the family of Jerahmeelites, who in David’s time lived in the Negev region and occupied a number of cities (1 Sm 27:10; 30:29).<\/li>\n<li>2. Kish’s son and a Levite family leader who served in the sanctuary during David’s reign (1 Chr 24:29).<\/li>\n<li>3. Son of King Jehoiakim of Judah and one who, with Shelemiah and Seraiah, was ordered by the king to seize Baruch and Jeremiah (Jer 36:26).<\/li>","summary_ro":"JERAHMEEL 1. Firstborn of Hezron’s three sons, the father of six sons and a descendant of Judah through Perez’s line (1 Chr 2:9-42). He was the founder of the family of Jerahmeelites, who in David’s time lived in the Negev region and occupied a number of cities (1 Sm 27:10; 30:29). 2. Kish’s son and a Levite family leader who served in the sanctuary during David’s reign (1 Chr 24:29). 3. Son of King Jehoiakim of Judah and one who, with Shelemiah and Seraiah, was ordered by the king to seize B...","summary_en":"JERAHMEEL 1. Firstborn of Hezron’s three sons, the father of six sons and a descendant of Judah through Perez’s line (1 Chr 2:9-42). He was the founder of the family of Jerahmeelites, who in David’s time lived in the Negev region and occupied a number of cities (1 Sm 27:10; 30:29). 2. Kish’s son and a Levite family leader who served in the sanctuary during David’s reign (1 Chr 24:29). 3. Son of King Jehoiakim of Judah and one who, with Shelemiah and Seraiah, was ordered by the king to seize B...","source":"Articles\/J.xml","external_url":null,"has_map":false,"has_picture":false},{"id":32347,"type":"article","type_label":"Articol","type_icon":"📖","type_color":"#d4af37","title_ro":"Ram (Person)","title_en":"Ram (Person)","content_ro":"<h3>RAM (P<span>erson<\/span>)<\/h3>\n<li>1. Ancestor of King David (Ru 4:19; 1 Chr 2:9-10), listed in Matthew’s genealogy of Christ (Mt 1:3-4; called Arni in Lk 3:33). <em>See<\/em> Genealogy of Jesus Christ.<\/li>\n<li>2. Jerahmeel’s eldest son (1 Chr 2:25-27), and perhaps the nephew of #1 above.<\/li>\n<li>3. Head of the family of Elihu, one of Job’s friends (Jb 32:2).<\/li>","content_en":"<h3>RAM (P<span>erson<\/span>)<\/h3>\n<li>1. Ancestor of King David (Ru 4:19; 1 Chr 2:9-10), listed in Matthew’s genealogy of Christ (Mt 1:3-4; called Arni in Lk 3:33). <em>See<\/em> Genealogy of Jesus Christ.<\/li>\n<li>2. Jerahmeel’s eldest son (1 Chr 2:25-27), and perhaps the nephew of #1 above.<\/li>\n<li>3. Head of the family of Elihu, one of Job’s friends (Jb 32:2).<\/li>","summary_ro":"RAM (Person) 1. Ancestor of King David (Ru 4:19; 1 Chr 2:9-10), listed in Matthew’s genealogy of Christ (Mt 1:3-4; called Arni in Lk 3:33). See Genealogy of Jesus Christ. 2. Jerahmeel’s eldest son (1 Chr 2:25-27), and perhaps the nephew of #1 above. 3. Head of the family of Elihu, one of Job’s friends (Jb 32:2).","summary_en":"RAM (Person) 1. Ancestor of King David (Ru 4:19; 1 Chr 2:9-10), listed in Matthew’s genealogy of Christ (Mt 1:3-4; called Arni in Lk 3:33). See Genealogy of Jesus Christ. 2. Jerahmeel’s eldest son (1 Chr 2:25-27), and perhaps the nephew of #1 above. 3. Head of the family of Elihu, one of Job’s friends (Jb 32:2).","source":"Articles\/R.xml","external_url":null,"has_map":false,"has_picture":false},{"id":47549,"type":"study_note","type_label":"Notă de studiu","type_icon":"📝","type_color":"#06b6d4","title_ro":"Notă de studiu: 1 Cronici 2:9","title_en":"Study Note: 1 Cronici 2:9","content_ro":"<p><strong>2:9-55<\/strong> The descendants of Hezron are given down to the time of David, in several sections: the direct line from Hezron to David (2:9-17; cp. Ruth 4:18-22), the other descendants of Hezron (1 Chr 2:18-41), then the descendants of Hezron’s son Caleb (2:42-55).<\/p>","content_en":"<p><strong>2:9-55<\/strong> The descendants of Hezron are given down to the time of David, in several sections: the direct line from Hezron to David (2:9-17; cp. Ruth 4:18-22), the other descendants of Hezron (1 Chr 2:18-41), then the descendants of Hezron’s son Caleb (2:42-55).<\/p>","summary_ro":"2:9-55 The descendants of Hezron are given down to the time of David, in several sections: the direct line from Hezron to David (2:9-17; cp. Ruth 4:18-22), the other descendants of Hezron (1 Chr 2:18-41), then the descendants of Hezron’s son Caleb (2:42-55).","summary_en":"2:9-55 The descendants of Hezron are given down to the time of David, in several sections: the direct line from Hezron to David (2:9-17; cp. Ruth 4:18-22), the other descendants of Hezron (1 Chr 2:18-41), then the descendants of Hezron’s son Caleb (2:42-55).","source":"StudyNotes.xml","external_url":null,"has_map":false,"has_picture":false},{"id":47550,"type":"study_note","type_label":"Notă de studiu","type_icon":"📝","type_color":"#06b6d4","title_ro":"Notă de studiu: 1 Cronici 2:9","title_en":"Study Note: 1 Cronici 2:9","content_ro":"<p><strong>2:9<\/strong> <em>Caleb<\/em> was the most notable immediate descendant of <em>Hezron<\/em><em>,<\/em> so the author covers his descendants in detail (2:42-55). This <em>Caleb<\/em> was apparently not the same individual as Caleb son of Jephunneh, a descendant of Kenaz (see study note on 4:13-15).<\/p>","content_en":"<p><strong>2:9<\/strong> <em>Caleb<\/em> was the most notable immediate descendant of <em>Hezron<\/em><em>,<\/em> so the author covers his descendants in detail (2:42-55). This <em>Caleb<\/em> was apparently not the same individual as Caleb son of Jephunneh, a descendant of Kenaz (see study note on 4:13-15).<\/p>","summary_ro":"2:9 Caleb was the most notable immediate descendant of Hezron, so the author covers his descendants in detail (2:42-55). This Caleb was apparently not the same individual as Caleb son of Jephunneh, a descendant of Kenaz (see study note on 4:13-15).","summary_en":"2:9 Caleb was the most notable immediate descendant of Hezron, so the author covers his descendants in detail (2:42-55). This Caleb was apparently not the same individual as Caleb son of Jephunneh, a descendant of Kenaz (see study note on 4:13-15).","source":"StudyNotes.xml","external_url":null,"has_map":false,"has_picture":false},{"id":75175,"type":"study_note","type_label":"Notă de studiu","type_icon":"📝","type_color":"#06b6d4","title_ro":"Notă de studiu: 1 Cronici 2:9","title_en":"Study Note: 1 Cronici 2:9","content_ro":"<p><strong>2:9-55<\/strong> The descendants of Hezron are given down to the time of David, in several sections: the direct line from Hezron to David (2:9-17; cp. Ruth 4:18-22), the other descendants of Hezron (1 Chr 2:18-41), then the descendants of Hezron’s son Caleb (2:42-55).<\/p>","content_en":"<p><strong>2:9-55<\/strong> The descendants of Hezron are given down to the time of David, in several sections: the direct line from Hezron to David (2:9-17; cp. Ruth 4:18-22), the other descendants of Hezron (1 Chr 2:18-41), then the descendants of Hezron’s son Caleb (2:42-55).<\/p>","summary_ro":"2:9-55 The descendants of Hezron are given down to the time of David, in several sections: the direct line from Hezron to David (2:9-17; cp. Ruth 4:18-22), the other descendants of Hezron (1 Chr 2:18-41), then the descendants of Hezron’s son Caleb (2:42-55).","summary_en":"2:9-55 The descendants of Hezron are given down to the time of David, in several sections: the direct line from Hezron to David (2:9-17; cp. Ruth 4:18-22), the other descendants of Hezron (1 Chr 2:18-41), then the descendants of Hezron’s son Caleb (2:42-55).","source":"StudyNotes.xml","external_url":null,"has_map":false,"has_picture":false},{"id":75176,"type":"study_note","type_label":"Notă de studiu","type_icon":"📝","type_color":"#06b6d4","title_ro":"Notă de studiu: 1 Cronici 2:9","title_en":"Study Note: 1 Cronici 2:9","content_ro":"<p><strong>2:9<\/strong> <em>Caleb<\/em> was the most notable immediate descendant of <em>Hezron<\/em><em>,<\/em> so the author covers his descendants in detail (2:42-55). This <em>Caleb<\/em> was apparently not the same individual as Caleb son of Jephunneh, a descendant of Kenaz (see study note on 4:13-15).<\/p>","content_en":"<p><strong>2:9<\/strong> <em>Caleb<\/em> was the most notable immediate descendant of <em>Hezron<\/em><em>,<\/em> so the author covers his descendants in detail (2:42-55). This <em>Caleb<\/em> was apparently not the same individual as Caleb son of Jephunneh, a descendant of Kenaz (see study note on 4:13-15).<\/p>","summary_ro":"2:9 Caleb was the most notable immediate descendant of Hezron, so the author covers his descendants in detail (2:42-55). This Caleb was apparently not the same individual as Caleb son of Jephunneh, a descendant of Kenaz (see study note on 4:13-15).","summary_en":"2:9 Caleb was the most notable immediate descendant of Hezron, so the author covers his descendants in detail (2:42-55). This Caleb was apparently not the same individual as Caleb son of Jephunneh, a descendant of Kenaz (see study note on 4:13-15).","source":"StudyNotes.xml","external_url":null,"has_map":false,"has_picture":false},{"id":102801,"type":"study_note","type_label":"Notă de studiu","type_icon":"📝","type_color":"#06b6d4","title_ro":"Notă de studiu: 1 Cronici 2:9","title_en":"Study Note: 1 Cronici 2:9","content_ro":"<p><strong>2:9-55<\/strong> The descendants of Hezron are given down to the time of David, in several sections: the direct line from Hezron to David (2:9-17; cp. Ruth 4:18-22), the other descendants of Hezron (1 Chr 2:18-41), then the descendants of Hezron’s son Caleb (2:42-55).<\/p>","content_en":"<p><strong>2:9-55<\/strong> The descendants of Hezron are given down to the time of David, in several sections: the direct line from Hezron to David (2:9-17; cp. Ruth 4:18-22), the other descendants of Hezron (1 Chr 2:18-41), then the descendants of Hezron’s son Caleb (2:42-55).<\/p>","summary_ro":"2:9-55 The descendants of Hezron are given down to the time of David, in several sections: the direct line from Hezron to David (2:9-17; cp. Ruth 4:18-22), the other descendants of Hezron (1 Chr 2:18-41), then the descendants of Hezron’s son Caleb (2:42-55).","summary_en":"2:9-55 The descendants of Hezron are given down to the time of David, in several sections: the direct line from Hezron to David (2:9-17; cp. Ruth 4:18-22), the other descendants of Hezron (1 Chr 2:18-41), then the descendants of Hezron’s son Caleb (2:42-55).","source":"StudyNotes.xml","external_url":null,"has_map":false,"has_picture":false},{"id":102802,"type":"study_note","type_label":"Notă de studiu","type_icon":"📝","type_color":"#06b6d4","title_ro":"Notă de studiu: 1 Cronici 2:9","title_en":"Study Note: 1 Cronici 2:9","content_ro":"<p><strong>2:9<\/strong> <em>Caleb<\/em> was the most notable immediate descendant of <em>Hezron<\/em><em>,<\/em> so the author covers his descendants in detail (2:42-55). This <em>Caleb<\/em> was apparently not the same individual as Caleb son of Jephunneh, a descendant of Kenaz (see study note on 4:13-15).<\/p>","content_en":"<p><strong>2:9<\/strong> <em>Caleb<\/em> was the most notable immediate descendant of <em>Hezron<\/em><em>,<\/em> so the author covers his descendants in detail (2:42-55). This <em>Caleb<\/em> was apparently not the same individual as Caleb son of Jephunneh, a descendant of Kenaz (see study note on 4:13-15).<\/p>","summary_ro":"2:9 Caleb was the most notable immediate descendant of Hezron, so the author covers his descendants in detail (2:42-55). This Caleb was apparently not the same individual as Caleb son of Jephunneh, a descendant of Kenaz (see study note on 4:13-15).","summary_en":"2:9 Caleb was the most notable immediate descendant of Hezron, so the author covers his descendants in detail (2:42-55). This Caleb was apparently not the same individual as Caleb son of Jephunneh, a descendant of Kenaz (see study note on 4:13-15).","source":"StudyNotes.xml","external_url":null,"has_map":false,"has_picture":false},{"id":130427,"type":"study_note","type_label":"Notă de studiu","type_icon":"📝","type_color":"#06b6d4","title_ro":"Notă de studiu: 1 Cronici 2:9","title_en":"Study Note: 1 Cronici 2:9","content_ro":"<p><strong>2:9-55<\/strong> The descendants of Hezron are given down to the time of David, in several sections: the direct line from Hezron to David (2:9-17; cp. Ruth 4:18-22), the other descendants of Hezron (1 Chr 2:18-41), then the descendants of Hezron’s son Caleb (2:42-55).<\/p>","content_en":"<p><strong>2:9-55<\/strong> The descendants of Hezron are given down to the time of David, in several sections: the direct line from Hezron to David (2:9-17; cp. Ruth 4:18-22), the other descendants of Hezron (1 Chr 2:18-41), then the descendants of Hezron’s son Caleb (2:42-55).<\/p>","summary_ro":"2:9-55 The descendants of Hezron are given down to the time of David, in several sections: the direct line from Hezron to David (2:9-17; cp. Ruth 4:18-22), the other descendants of Hezron (1 Chr 2:18-41), then the descendants of Hezron’s son Caleb (2:42-55).","summary_en":"2:9-55 The descendants of Hezron are given down to the time of David, in several sections: the direct line from Hezron to David (2:9-17; cp. Ruth 4:18-22), the other descendants of Hezron (1 Chr 2:18-41), then the descendants of Hezron’s son Caleb (2:42-55).","source":"StudyNotes.xml","external_url":null,"has_map":false,"has_picture":false},{"id":130428,"type":"study_note","type_label":"Notă de studiu","type_icon":"📝","type_color":"#06b6d4","title_ro":"Notă de studiu: 1 Cronici 2:9","title_en":"Study Note: 1 Cronici 2:9","content_ro":"<p><strong>2:9<\/strong> <em>Caleb<\/em> was the most notable immediate descendant of <em>Hezron<\/em><em>,<\/em> so the author covers his descendants in detail (2:42-55). This <em>Caleb<\/em> was apparently not the same individual as Caleb son of Jephunneh, a descendant of Kenaz (see study note on 4:13-15).<\/p>","content_en":"<p><strong>2:9<\/strong> <em>Caleb<\/em> was the most notable immediate descendant of <em>Hezron<\/em><em>,<\/em> so the author covers his descendants in detail (2:42-55). This <em>Caleb<\/em> was apparently not the same individual as Caleb son of Jephunneh, a descendant of Kenaz (see study note on 4:13-15).<\/p>","summary_ro":"2:9 Caleb was the most notable immediate descendant of Hezron, so the author covers his descendants in detail (2:42-55). This Caleb was apparently not the same individual as Caleb son of Jephunneh, a descendant of Kenaz (see study note on 4:13-15).","summary_en":"2:9 Caleb was the most notable immediate descendant of Hezron, so the author covers his descendants in detail (2:42-55). This Caleb was apparently not the same individual as Caleb son of Jephunneh, a descendant of Kenaz (see study note on 4:13-15).","source":"StudyNotes.xml","external_url":null,"has_map":false,"has_picture":false}],"10":[{"id":1323,"type":"article","type_label":"Articol","type_icon":"📖","type_color":"#d4af37","title_ro":"Amminadab","title_en":"Amminadab","content_ro":"<h3>AMMINADAB<\/h3>\n<li>1. Father of Elisheba, who was Aaron’s wife (Ex 6:23). Amminadab was also the father of Nahshon, Judah’s tribal leader in the wilderness (Nm 1:7; 2:3; 7:12, 17; 10:14; 1 Chr 2:10). Amminadab is listed in the genealogy of David (Ru 4:18-22) and later in the genealogy of Jesus Christ (Mt 1:4; Lk 3:33). <em>See<\/em> Genealogy of Jesus Christ.<\/li>\n<li>2. Alternate name for Izhar, one of Kohath’s sons (1 Chr 6:22). <em>See<\/em> Izhar #1.<\/li>\n<li>3. Levite contemporary of King David who helped bring the ark of the Lord to Jerusalem (1 Chr 15:1-4, 10-11).<\/li>","content_en":"<h3>AMMINADAB<\/h3>\n<li>1. Father of Elisheba, who was Aaron’s wife (Ex 6:23). Amminadab was also the father of Nahshon, Judah’s tribal leader in the wilderness (Nm 1:7; 2:3; 7:12, 17; 10:14; 1 Chr 2:10). Amminadab is listed in the genealogy of David (Ru 4:18-22) and later in the genealogy of Jesus Christ (Mt 1:4; Lk 3:33). <em>See<\/em> Genealogy of Jesus Christ.<\/li>\n<li>2. Alternate name for Izhar, one of Kohath’s sons (1 Chr 6:22). <em>See<\/em> Izhar #1.<\/li>\n<li>3. Levite contemporary of King David who helped bring the ark of the Lord to Jerusalem (1 Chr 15:1-4, 10-11).<\/li>","summary_ro":"AMMINADAB 1. Father of Elisheba, who was Aaron’s wife (Ex 6:23). Amminadab was also the father of Nahshon, Judah’s tribal leader in the wilderness (Nm 1:7; 2:3; 7:12, 17; 10:14; 1 Chr 2:10). Amminadab is listed in the genealogy of David (Ru 4:18-22) and later in the genealogy of Jesus Christ (Mt 1:4; Lk 3:33). See Genealogy of Jesus Christ. 2. Alternate name for Izhar, one of Kohath’s sons (1 Chr 6:22). See Izhar #1. 3. Levite contemporary of King David who helped bring the ark of the Lord to...","summary_en":"AMMINADAB 1. Father of Elisheba, who was Aaron’s wife (Ex 6:23). Amminadab was also the father of Nahshon, Judah’s tribal leader in the wilderness (Nm 1:7; 2:3; 7:12, 17; 10:14; 1 Chr 2:10). Amminadab is listed in the genealogy of David (Ru 4:18-22) and later in the genealogy of Jesus Christ (Mt 1:4; Lk 3:33). See Genealogy of Jesus Christ. 2. Alternate name for Izhar, one of Kohath’s sons (1 Chr 6:22). See Izhar #1. 3. Levite contemporary of King David who helped bring the ark of the Lord to...","source":"Articles\/A.xml","external_url":null,"has_map":false,"has_picture":false},{"id":26865,"type":"article","type_label":"Articol","type_icon":"📖","type_color":"#d4af37","title_ro":"Nahshon","title_en":"Nahshon","content_ro":"<h3>NAHSHON<\/h3>\n<p>Amminadab’s son; brother of Elisheba and Salmon’s father (Ex 6:23; 1 Chr 2:10-11). Nahshon, the prince of Judah’s tribe at the start of Israel’s wilderness wanderings (Nm 1:7; 2:3; 10:14), represented his kinsmen at the altar’s dedication (7:12). In Ruth 4:20 he is listed as David’s forefather and a descendant of Judah through the line of Perez, and in Matthew and Luke’s genealogies as an ancestor of Jesus Christ (Mt 1:4; Lk 3:32).<\/p>","content_en":"<h3>NAHSHON<\/h3>\n<p>Amminadab’s son; brother of Elisheba and Salmon’s father (Ex 6:23; 1 Chr 2:10-11). Nahshon, the prince of Judah’s tribe at the start of Israel’s wilderness wanderings (Nm 1:7; 2:3; 10:14), represented his kinsmen at the altar’s dedication (7:12). In Ruth 4:20 he is listed as David’s forefather and a descendant of Judah through the line of Perez, and in Matthew and Luke’s genealogies as an ancestor of Jesus Christ (Mt 1:4; Lk 3:32).<\/p>","summary_ro":"NAHSHON Amminadab’s son; brother of Elisheba and Salmon’s father (Ex 6:23; 1 Chr 2:10-11). Nahshon, the prince of Judah’s tribe at the start of Israel’s wilderness wanderings (Nm 1:7; 2:3; 10:14), represented his kinsmen at the altar’s dedication (7:12). In Ruth 4:20 he is listed as David’s forefather and a descendant of Judah through the line of Perez, and in Matthew and Luke’s genealogies as an ancestor of Jesus Christ (Mt 1:4; Lk 3:32).","summary_en":"NAHSHON Amminadab’s son; brother of Elisheba and Salmon’s father (Ex 6:23; 1 Chr 2:10-11). Nahshon, the prince of Judah’s tribe at the start of Israel’s wilderness wanderings (Nm 1:7; 2:3; 10:14), represented his kinsmen at the altar’s dedication (7:12). In Ruth 4:20 he is listed as David’s forefather and a descendant of Judah through the line of Perez, and in Matthew and Luke’s genealogies as an ancestor of Jesus Christ (Mt 1:4; Lk 3:32).","source":"Articles\/N.xml","external_url":null,"has_map":false,"has_picture":false},{"id":47551,"type":"study_note","type_label":"Notă de studiu","type_icon":"📝","type_color":"#06b6d4","title_ro":"Notă de studiu: 1 Cronici 2:10","title_en":"Study Note: 1 Cronici 2:10","content_ro":"<p><strong>2:10-17<\/strong> The passage dedicated to the descendants of <em>Ram<\/em> provides a direct line of descent from Ram to <em>Jesse<\/em><em>,<\/em> then records Jesse’s children.<\/p>","content_en":"<p><strong>2:10-17<\/strong> The passage dedicated to the descendants of <em>Ram<\/em> provides a direct line of descent from Ram to <em>Jesse<\/em><em>,<\/em> then records Jesse’s children.<\/p>","summary_ro":"2:10-17 The passage dedicated to the descendants of Ram provides a direct line of descent from Ram to Jesse, then records Jesse’s children.","summary_en":"2:10-17 The passage dedicated to the descendants of Ram provides a direct line of descent from Ram to Jesse, then records Jesse’s children.","source":"StudyNotes.xml","external_url":null,"has_map":false,"has_picture":false},{"id":75177,"type":"study_note","type_label":"Notă de studiu","type_icon":"📝","type_color":"#06b6d4","title_ro":"Notă de studiu: 1 Cronici 2:10","title_en":"Study Note: 1 Cronici 2:10","content_ro":"<p><strong>2:10-17<\/strong> The passage dedicated to the descendants of <em>Ram<\/em> provides a direct line of descent from Ram to <em>Jesse<\/em><em>,<\/em> then records Jesse’s children.<\/p>","content_en":"<p><strong>2:10-17<\/strong> The passage dedicated to the descendants of <em>Ram<\/em> provides a direct line of descent from Ram to <em>Jesse<\/em><em>,<\/em> then records Jesse’s children.<\/p>","summary_ro":"2:10-17 The passage dedicated to the descendants of Ram provides a direct line of descent from Ram to Jesse, then records Jesse’s children.","summary_en":"2:10-17 The passage dedicated to the descendants of Ram provides a direct line of descent from Ram to Jesse, then records Jesse’s children.","source":"StudyNotes.xml","external_url":null,"has_map":false,"has_picture":false},{"id":102803,"type":"study_note","type_label":"Notă de studiu","type_icon":"📝","type_color":"#06b6d4","title_ro":"Notă de studiu: 1 Cronici 2:10","title_en":"Study Note: 1 Cronici 2:10","content_ro":"<p><strong>2:10-17<\/strong> The passage dedicated to the descendants of <em>Ram<\/em> provides a direct line of descent from Ram to <em>Jesse<\/em><em>,<\/em> then records Jesse’s children.<\/p>","content_en":"<p><strong>2:10-17<\/strong> The passage dedicated to the descendants of <em>Ram<\/em> provides a direct line of descent from Ram to <em>Jesse<\/em><em>,<\/em> then records Jesse’s children.<\/p>","summary_ro":"2:10-17 The passage dedicated to the descendants of Ram provides a direct line of descent from Ram to Jesse, then records Jesse’s children.","summary_en":"2:10-17 The passage dedicated to the descendants of Ram provides a direct line of descent from Ram to Jesse, then records Jesse’s children.","source":"StudyNotes.xml","external_url":null,"has_map":false,"has_picture":false},{"id":130429,"type":"study_note","type_label":"Notă de studiu","type_icon":"📝","type_color":"#06b6d4","title_ro":"Notă de studiu: 1 Cronici 2:10","title_en":"Study Note: 1 Cronici 2:10","content_ro":"<p><strong>2:10-17<\/strong> The passage dedicated to the descendants of <em>Ram<\/em> provides a direct line of descent from Ram to <em>Jesse<\/em><em>,<\/em> then records Jesse’s children.<\/p>","content_en":"<p><strong>2:10-17<\/strong> The passage dedicated to the descendants of <em>Ram<\/em> provides a direct line of descent from Ram to <em>Jesse<\/em><em>,<\/em> then records Jesse’s children.<\/p>","summary_ro":"2:10-17 The passage dedicated to the descendants of Ram provides a direct line of descent from Ram to Jesse, then records Jesse’s children.","summary_en":"2:10-17 The passage dedicated to the descendants of Ram provides a direct line of descent from Ram to Jesse, then records Jesse’s children.","source":"StudyNotes.xml","external_url":null,"has_map":false,"has_picture":false}],"11":[{"id":33562,"type":"article","type_label":"Articol","type_icon":"📖","type_color":"#d4af37","title_ro":"Salma","title_en":"Salma","content_ro":"<h3>SALMA<\/h3>\n<li>1. Hur’s son of Caleb’s family. He is considered the founding father of Bethlehem (1 Chr 2:51, 54).<\/li>\n<li>2. An alternate spelling for “Salmon” in 1 Chronicles 2:11. <em>See<\/em> Salmon (Person).<\/li>","content_en":"<h3>SALMA<\/h3>\n<li>1. Hur’s son of Caleb’s family. He is considered the founding father of Bethlehem (1 Chr 2:51, 54).<\/li>\n<li>2. An alternate spelling for “Salmon” in 1 Chronicles 2:11. <em>See<\/em> Salmon (Person).<\/li>","summary_ro":"SALMA 1. Hur’s son of Caleb’s family. He is considered the founding father of Bethlehem (1 Chr 2:51, 54). 2. An alternate spelling for “Salmon” in 1 Chronicles 2:11. See Salmon (Person).","summary_en":"SALMA 1. Hur’s son of Caleb’s family. He is considered the founding father of Bethlehem (1 Chr 2:51, 54). 2. An alternate spelling for “Salmon” in 1 Chronicles 2:11. See Salmon (Person).","source":"Articles\/S.xml","external_url":null,"has_map":false,"has_picture":false},{"id":33563,"type":"article","type_label":"Articol","type_icon":"📖","type_color":"#d4af37","title_ro":"Salmon (Person)","title_en":"Salmon (Person)","content_ro":"<h3>SALMON (P<span>erson<\/span>)<\/h3>\n<p>Nahshon’s son and an ancestor of David from Judah’s tribe (1 Chr 2:11). Salmon fathered Boaz by Rahab (Ru 4:20-21) and is listed in Matthew’s genealogy as a forefather of Jesus Christ (Mt 1:4-5); in the Greek his name is spelled Sala in Luke’s genealogy (Lk 3:32).<\/p>\n<p><em>See also<\/em> Genealogy of Jesus Christ.<\/p>","content_en":"<h3>SALMON (P<span>erson<\/span>)<\/h3>\n<p>Nahshon’s son and an ancestor of David from Judah’s tribe (1 Chr 2:11). Salmon fathered Boaz by Rahab (Ru 4:20-21) and is listed in Matthew’s genealogy as a forefather of Jesus Christ (Mt 1:4-5); in the Greek his name is spelled Sala in Luke’s genealogy (Lk 3:32).<\/p>\n<p><em>See also<\/em> Genealogy of Jesus Christ.<\/p>","summary_ro":"SALMON (Person) Nahshon’s son and an ancestor of David from Judah’s tribe (1 Chr 2:11). Salmon fathered Boaz by Rahab (Ru 4:20-21) and is listed in Matthew’s genealogy as a forefather of Jesus Christ (Mt 1:4-5); in the Greek his name is spelled Sala in Luke’s genealogy (Lk 3:32). See also Genealogy of Jesus Christ.","summary_en":"SALMON (Person) Nahshon’s son and an ancestor of David from Judah’s tribe (1 Chr 2:11). Salmon fathered Boaz by Rahab (Ru 4:20-21) and is listed in Matthew’s genealogy as a forefather of Jesus Christ (Mt 1:4-5); in the Greek his name is spelled Sala in Luke’s genealogy (Lk 3:32). See also Genealogy of Jesus Christ.","source":"Articles\/S.xml","external_url":null,"has_map":false,"has_picture":false}],"12":[{"id":28062,"type":"article","type_label":"Articol","type_icon":"📖","type_color":"#d4af37","title_ro":"Obed","title_en":"Obed","content_ro":"<h3>OBED<\/h3>\n<li>1. Ruth and Boaz’s first child, listed among the ancestors of Jesus (Ru 4:17, 21-22; 1 Chr 2:12; Mt 1:5; Lk 3:32). <em>See<\/em> Genealogy of Jesus Christ.<\/li>\n<li>2. Jerahmeelite and Ephlal’s son (1 Chr 2:37-38).<\/li>\n<li>3. One of David’s mighty men (1 Chr 11:47).<\/li>\n<li>4. Shemaiah’s son and an able leader who ruled his father’s house (1 Chr 26:6-7).<\/li>\n<li>5. Father of Azariah, a captain of Jehoiada (2 Chr 23:1).<\/li>","content_en":"<h3>OBED<\/h3>\n<li>1. Ruth and Boaz’s first child, listed among the ancestors of Jesus (Ru 4:17, 21-22; 1 Chr 2:12; Mt 1:5; Lk 3:32). <em>See<\/em> Genealogy of Jesus Christ.<\/li>\n<li>2. Jerahmeelite and Ephlal’s son (1 Chr 2:37-38).<\/li>\n<li>3. One of David’s mighty men (1 Chr 11:47).<\/li>\n<li>4. Shemaiah’s son and an able leader who ruled his father’s house (1 Chr 26:6-7).<\/li>\n<li>5. Father of Azariah, a captain of Jehoiada (2 Chr 23:1).<\/li>","summary_ro":"OBED 1. Ruth and Boaz’s first child, listed among the ancestors of Jesus (Ru 4:17, 21-22; 1 Chr 2:12; Mt 1:5; Lk 3:32). See Genealogy of Jesus Christ. 2. Jerahmeelite and Ephlal’s son (1 Chr 2:37-38). 3. One of David’s mighty men (1 Chr 11:47). 4. Shemaiah’s son and an able leader who ruled his father’s house (1 Chr 26:6-7). 5. Father of Azariah, a captain of Jehoiada (2 Chr 23:1).","summary_en":"OBED 1. Ruth and Boaz’s first child, listed among the ancestors of Jesus (Ru 4:17, 21-22; 1 Chr 2:12; Mt 1:5; Lk 3:32). See Genealogy of Jesus Christ. 2. Jerahmeelite and Ephlal’s son (1 Chr 2:37-38). 3. One of David’s mighty men (1 Chr 11:47). 4. Shemaiah’s son and an able leader who ruled his father’s house (1 Chr 26:6-7). 5. Father of Azariah, a captain of Jehoiada (2 Chr 23:1).","source":"Articles\/O.xml","external_url":null,"has_map":false,"has_picture":false}],"13":[{"id":41396,"type":"profile","type_label":"Profil","type_icon":"👤","type_color":"#f59e0b","title_ro":"Abishai","title_en":"Abishai","content_ro":"<h3>Abishai<\/h3>\n<p>Abishai was a powerful and successful warrior and a leader in David’s army. He was David’s nephew, a son of David’s sister Zeruiah and the brother of Joab and Asahel (1 Chr 2:13-16).<\/p>\n<p>Abishai was completely devoted to David and quick to suggest violence against David’s enemies. When God allowed David and Abishai to penetrate Saul’s war camp while the troops were sleeping, Abishai wanted to assassinate Saul, but David restrained him. Later, when the revolt of Absalom required that David leave Jerusalem, the king was cursed by Shimei, a member of Saul’s family, and Abishai wanted to execute Shimei (2 Sam 16:5-9). David twice rejected that proposal (2 Sam 16:10-13; 19:18-23). The vengeful spirit of Abishai and his brothers also came out in an earlier conflict: After Saul’s general, Abner, killed Abishai’s brother Asahel in self-defense, Joab and Abishai took revenge by killing Abner (3:22-30).<\/p>\n<p>Abishai was brave and very capable. He once killed three hundred soldiers in a single battle. For this, he was made leader of the Thirty, a group of especially skillful warriors surpassed only by the Three (1 Chr 11:20-21). Abishai also won a major victory over the Edomites (1 Chr 18:12-13). In a battle with the Philistines, Abishai saved David’s life by killing the giant Ishbi-benob (2 Sam 21:15-17). Abishai also led the army, and when it divided for strategic purposes, Abishai led one group while his brother Joab led the other (10:1-19; 18:1-18). Their military efforts were usually very successful.<\/p>\n<p>Though Joab’s actions eventually led to his death, we nowhere read about the same fate befalling Abishai, who, like Joab, was a violently impulsive military leader.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Passages for Further Study<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>1 Sam 26:6-12; 2 Sam 2:18; 3:30, 39; 10:10-14; 16:9-12; 18:1-8; 19:21-23; 20:6-10; 21:17; 23:18-19; 1 Chr 2:16; 11:20-21; 18:12-13; 19:11-15<\/p>","content_en":"<h3>Abishai<\/h3>\n<p>Abishai was a powerful and successful warrior and a leader in David’s army. He was David’s nephew, a son of David’s sister Zeruiah and the brother of Joab and Asahel (1 Chr 2:13-16).<\/p>\n<p>Abishai was completely devoted to David and quick to suggest violence against David’s enemies. When God allowed David and Abishai to penetrate Saul’s war camp while the troops were sleeping, Abishai wanted to assassinate Saul, but David restrained him. Later, when the revolt of Absalom required that David leave Jerusalem, the king was cursed by Shimei, a member of Saul’s family, and Abishai wanted to execute Shimei (2 Sam 16:5-9). David twice rejected that proposal (2 Sam 16:10-13; 19:18-23). The vengeful spirit of Abishai and his brothers also came out in an earlier conflict: After Saul’s general, Abner, killed Abishai’s brother Asahel in self-defense, Joab and Abishai took revenge by killing Abner (3:22-30).<\/p>\n<p>Abishai was brave and very capable. He once killed three hundred soldiers in a single battle. For this, he was made leader of the Thirty, a group of especially skillful warriors surpassed only by the Three (1 Chr 11:20-21). Abishai also won a major victory over the Edomites (1 Chr 18:12-13). In a battle with the Philistines, Abishai saved David’s life by killing the giant Ishbi-benob (2 Sam 21:15-17). Abishai also led the army, and when it divided for strategic purposes, Abishai led one group while his brother Joab led the other (10:1-19; 18:1-18). Their military efforts were usually very successful.<\/p>\n<p>Though Joab’s actions eventually led to his death, we nowhere read about the same fate befalling Abishai, who, like Joab, was a violently impulsive military leader.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Passages for Further Study<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>1 Sam 26:6-12; 2 Sam 2:18; 3:30, 39; 10:10-14; 16:9-12; 18:1-8; 19:21-23; 20:6-10; 21:17; 23:18-19; 1 Chr 2:16; 11:20-21; 18:12-13; 19:11-15<\/p>","summary_ro":"Abishai Abishai was a powerful and successful warrior and a leader in David’s army. He was David’s nephew, a son of David’s sister Zeruiah and the brother of Joab and Asahel (1 Chr 2:13-16). Abishai was completely devoted to David and quick to suggest violence against David’s enemies. When God allowed David and Abishai to penetrate Saul’s war camp while the troops were sleeping, Abishai wanted to assassinate Saul, but David restrained him. Later, when the revolt of Absalom required that David...","summary_en":"Abishai Abishai was a powerful and successful warrior and a leader in David’s army. He was David’s nephew, a son of David’s sister Zeruiah and the brother of Joab and Asahel (1 Chr 2:13-16). Abishai was completely devoted to David and quick to suggest violence against David’s enemies. When God allowed David and Abishai to penetrate Saul’s war camp while the troops were sleeping, Abishai wanted to assassinate Saul, but David restrained him. Later, when the revolt of Absalom required that David...","source":"Profiles.xml","external_url":null,"has_map":false,"has_picture":false},{"id":41418,"type":"profile","type_label":"Profil","type_icon":"👤","type_color":"#f59e0b","title_ro":"Joab","title_en":"Joab","content_ro":"<h3>Joab<\/h3>\n<p>Joab was David’s nephew, the son of David’s sister Zeruiah (1 Chr 2:13-16); his brothers were Abishai and Asahel. Joab became commander of David’s armies because of his bravery and military skill (2 Sam 2:18; 8:16; 11:1; 1 Chr 18:15). As the first to attack the Jebusite city of Jerusalem, he was awarded the commander’s position (1 Chr 11:4-9). Joab also suppressed a rebellion among the Arameans and Ammonites (2 Sam 10:1-19; 1 Chr 19:8-15) and won many key battles for David against the northern army of Israel under Abner’s impressive command (2 Sam 2:12-32).<\/p>\n<p>Joab often acted to promote what he perceived were David’s interests. For example, he colluded with David in the death of Uriah the Hittite to cover up the king’s adultery with Bathsheba (11:1-27). He persuaded David to allow Absalom’s return to court (14:1-33), and he tried to talk David out of taking a census that provoked God’s anger (24:1-9; 1 Chr 21:1-6).<\/p>\n<p>Though he was very loyal to David, Joab sometimes acted in his own interest, and sometimes he disregarded the king’s orders. When Abner killed Joab’s brother Asahel (2 Sam 2:23), Joab killed Abner in revenge (3:26-30), despite Abner’s new loyalty to David (3:12-19). Later, Joab killed his own cousin Amasa (20:8-10), who commanded Absalom’s army (17:25), after David had appointed Amasa commander in Joab’s place (19:13; 20:4). Joab also killed Absalom against David’s direct order (18:5, 10-17). He then rebuked David for grieving Absalom’s death rather than congratulating the army (19:5-7). Joab was ruthless, and he regained the most powerful position in David’s army (20:23; 24:2; 1 Kgs 1:19).<\/p>\n<p>Joab sealed his fate by supporting Adonijah’s bid for David’s throne (1 Kgs 1:5-7). David’s deathbed instructions to Solomon included having Joab killed because of his murders of Abner and Amasa. When Solomon became king, he sent Benaiah to kill Joab even as Joab clung to the horns of the altar (1 Kgs 2:28-34). Joab met the same fate that he dealt to others throughout his life, and his executioner replaced him as commander of Israel’s army (1 Kgs 2:35).<\/p>\n<p><strong>Passages for Further Study<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>2 Sam 2:13-32; 3:22-39; 8:16; 10:7-14; 11:1-25; 12:26-28; 14:1-33; 17:25; 18:2–19:13; 20:7-23; 24:2-9; 1 Kgs 1:7, 19; 2:28-35; 11:15-16; 1 Chr 2:16; 11:6-8; 18:15; 19:8-15; 20:1; 21:2-6; 26:28; 27:24, 34; Ps 60:1-12<\/p>","content_en":"<h3>Joab<\/h3>\n<p>Joab was David’s nephew, the son of David’s sister Zeruiah (1 Chr 2:13-16); his brothers were Abishai and Asahel. Joab became commander of David’s armies because of his bravery and military skill (2 Sam 2:18; 8:16; 11:1; 1 Chr 18:15). As the first to attack the Jebusite city of Jerusalem, he was awarded the commander’s position (1 Chr 11:4-9). Joab also suppressed a rebellion among the Arameans and Ammonites (2 Sam 10:1-19; 1 Chr 19:8-15) and won many key battles for David against the northern army of Israel under Abner’s impressive command (2 Sam 2:12-32).<\/p>\n<p>Joab often acted to promote what he perceived were David’s interests. For example, he colluded with David in the death of Uriah the Hittite to cover up the king’s adultery with Bathsheba (11:1-27). He persuaded David to allow Absalom’s return to court (14:1-33), and he tried to talk David out of taking a census that provoked God’s anger (24:1-9; 1 Chr 21:1-6).<\/p>\n<p>Though he was very loyal to David, Joab sometimes acted in his own interest, and sometimes he disregarded the king’s orders. When Abner killed Joab’s brother Asahel (2 Sam 2:23), Joab killed Abner in revenge (3:26-30), despite Abner’s new loyalty to David (3:12-19). Later, Joab killed his own cousin Amasa (20:8-10), who commanded Absalom’s army (17:25), after David had appointed Amasa commander in Joab’s place (19:13; 20:4). Joab also killed Absalom against David’s direct order (18:5, 10-17). He then rebuked David for grieving Absalom’s death rather than congratulating the army (19:5-7). Joab was ruthless, and he regained the most powerful position in David’s army (20:23; 24:2; 1 Kgs 1:19).<\/p>\n<p>Joab sealed his fate by supporting Adonijah’s bid for David’s throne (1 Kgs 1:5-7). David’s deathbed instructions to Solomon included having Joab killed because of his murders of Abner and Amasa. When Solomon became king, he sent Benaiah to kill Joab even as Joab clung to the horns of the altar (1 Kgs 2:28-34). Joab met the same fate that he dealt to others throughout his life, and his executioner replaced him as commander of Israel’s army (1 Kgs 2:35).<\/p>\n<p><strong>Passages for Further Study<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>2 Sam 2:13-32; 3:22-39; 8:16; 10:7-14; 11:1-25; 12:26-28; 14:1-33; 17:25; 18:2–19:13; 20:7-23; 24:2-9; 1 Kgs 1:7, 19; 2:28-35; 11:15-16; 1 Chr 2:16; 11:6-8; 18:15; 19:8-15; 20:1; 21:2-6; 26:28; 27:24, 34; Ps 60:1-12<\/p>","summary_ro":"Joab Joab was David’s nephew, the son of David’s sister Zeruiah (1 Chr 2:13-16); his brothers were Abishai and Asahel. Joab became commander of David’s armies because of his bravery and military skill (2 Sam 2:18; 8:16; 11:1; 1 Chr 18:15). As the first to attack the Jebusite city of Jerusalem, he was awarded the commander’s position (1 Chr 11:4-9). Joab also suppressed a rebellion among the Arameans and Ammonites (2 Sam 10:1-19; 1 Chr 19:8-15) and won many key battles for David against the no...","summary_en":"Joab Joab was David’s nephew, the son of David’s sister Zeruiah (1 Chr 2:13-16); his brothers were Abishai and Asahel. Joab became commander of David’s armies because of his bravery and military skill (2 Sam 2:18; 8:16; 11:1; 1 Chr 18:15). As the first to attack the Jebusite city of Jerusalem, he was awarded the commander’s position (1 Chr 11:4-9). Joab also suppressed a rebellion among the Arameans and Ammonites (2 Sam 10:1-19; 1 Chr 19:8-15) and won many key battles for David against the no...","source":"Profiles.xml","external_url":null,"has_map":false,"has_picture":false},{"id":69022,"type":"profile","type_label":"Profil","type_icon":"👤","type_color":"#f59e0b","title_ro":"Abishai","title_en":"Abishai","content_ro":"<h3>Abishai<\/h3>\n<p>Abishai was a powerful and successful warrior and a leader in David’s army. He was David’s nephew, a son of David’s sister Zeruiah and the brother of Joab and Asahel (1 Chr 2:13-16).<\/p>\n<p>Abishai was completely devoted to David and quick to suggest violence against David’s enemies. When God allowed David and Abishai to penetrate Saul’s war camp while the troops were sleeping, Abishai wanted to assassinate Saul, but David restrained him. Later, when the revolt of Absalom required that David leave Jerusalem, the king was cursed by Shimei, a member of Saul’s family, and Abishai wanted to execute Shimei (2 Sam 16:5-9). David twice rejected that proposal (2 Sam 16:10-13; 19:18-23). The vengeful spirit of Abishai and his brothers also came out in an earlier conflict: After Saul’s general, Abner, killed Abishai’s brother Asahel in self-defense, Joab and Abishai took revenge by killing Abner (3:22-30).<\/p>\n<p>Abishai was brave and very capable. He once killed three hundred soldiers in a single battle. For this, he was made leader of the Thirty, a group of especially skillful warriors surpassed only by the Three (1 Chr 11:20-21). Abishai also won a major victory over the Edomites (1 Chr 18:12-13). In a battle with the Philistines, Abishai saved David’s life by killing the giant Ishbi-benob (2 Sam 21:15-17). Abishai also led the army, and when it divided for strategic purposes, Abishai led one group while his brother Joab led the other (10:1-19; 18:1-18). Their military efforts were usually very successful.<\/p>\n<p>Though Joab’s actions eventually led to his death, we nowhere read about the same fate befalling Abishai, who, like Joab, was a violently impulsive military leader.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Passages for Further Study<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>1 Sam 26:6-12; 2 Sam 2:18; 3:30, 39; 10:10-14; 16:9-12; 18:1-8; 19:21-23; 20:6-10; 21:17; 23:18-19; 1 Chr 2:16; 11:20-21; 18:12-13; 19:11-15<\/p>","content_en":"<h3>Abishai<\/h3>\n<p>Abishai was a powerful and successful warrior and a leader in David’s army. He was David’s nephew, a son of David’s sister Zeruiah and the brother of Joab and Asahel (1 Chr 2:13-16).<\/p>\n<p>Abishai was completely devoted to David and quick to suggest violence against David’s enemies. When God allowed David and Abishai to penetrate Saul’s war camp while the troops were sleeping, Abishai wanted to assassinate Saul, but David restrained him. Later, when the revolt of Absalom required that David leave Jerusalem, the king was cursed by Shimei, a member of Saul’s family, and Abishai wanted to execute Shimei (2 Sam 16:5-9). David twice rejected that proposal (2 Sam 16:10-13; 19:18-23). The vengeful spirit of Abishai and his brothers also came out in an earlier conflict: After Saul’s general, Abner, killed Abishai’s brother Asahel in self-defense, Joab and Abishai took revenge by killing Abner (3:22-30).<\/p>\n<p>Abishai was brave and very capable. He once killed three hundred soldiers in a single battle. For this, he was made leader of the Thirty, a group of especially skillful warriors surpassed only by the Three (1 Chr 11:20-21). Abishai also won a major victory over the Edomites (1 Chr 18:12-13). In a battle with the Philistines, Abishai saved David’s life by killing the giant Ishbi-benob (2 Sam 21:15-17). Abishai also led the army, and when it divided for strategic purposes, Abishai led one group while his brother Joab led the other (10:1-19; 18:1-18). Their military efforts were usually very successful.<\/p>\n<p>Though Joab’s actions eventually led to his death, we nowhere read about the same fate befalling Abishai, who, like Joab, was a violently impulsive military leader.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Passages for Further Study<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>1 Sam 26:6-12; 2 Sam 2:18; 3:30, 39; 10:10-14; 16:9-12; 18:1-8; 19:21-23; 20:6-10; 21:17; 23:18-19; 1 Chr 2:16; 11:20-21; 18:12-13; 19:11-15<\/p>","summary_ro":"Abishai Abishai was a powerful and successful warrior and a leader in David’s army. He was David’s nephew, a son of David’s sister Zeruiah and the brother of Joab and Asahel (1 Chr 2:13-16). Abishai was completely devoted to David and quick to suggest violence against David’s enemies. When God allowed David and Abishai to penetrate Saul’s war camp while the troops were sleeping, Abishai wanted to assassinate Saul, but David restrained him. Later, when the revolt of Absalom required that David...","summary_en":"Abishai Abishai was a powerful and successful warrior and a leader in David’s army. He was David’s nephew, a son of David’s sister Zeruiah and the brother of Joab and Asahel (1 Chr 2:13-16). Abishai was completely devoted to David and quick to suggest violence against David’s enemies. When God allowed David and Abishai to penetrate Saul’s war camp while the troops were sleeping, Abishai wanted to assassinate Saul, but David restrained him. Later, when the revolt of Absalom required that David...","source":"Profiles.xml","external_url":null,"has_map":false,"has_picture":false},{"id":69044,"type":"profile","type_label":"Profil","type_icon":"👤","type_color":"#f59e0b","title_ro":"Joab","title_en":"Joab","content_ro":"<h3>Joab<\/h3>\n<p>Joab was David’s nephew, the son of David’s sister Zeruiah (1 Chr 2:13-16); his brothers were Abishai and Asahel. Joab became commander of David’s armies because of his bravery and military skill (2 Sam 2:18; 8:16; 11:1; 1 Chr 18:15). As the first to attack the Jebusite city of Jerusalem, he was awarded the commander’s position (1 Chr 11:4-9). Joab also suppressed a rebellion among the Arameans and Ammonites (2 Sam 10:1-19; 1 Chr 19:8-15) and won many key battles for David against the northern army of Israel under Abner’s impressive command (2 Sam 2:12-32).<\/p>\n<p>Joab often acted to promote what he perceived were David’s interests. For example, he colluded with David in the death of Uriah the Hittite to cover up the king’s adultery with Bathsheba (11:1-27). He persuaded David to allow Absalom’s return to court (14:1-33), and he tried to talk David out of taking a census that provoked God’s anger (24:1-9; 1 Chr 21:1-6).<\/p>\n<p>Though he was very loyal to David, Joab sometimes acted in his own interest, and sometimes he disregarded the king’s orders. When Abner killed Joab’s brother Asahel (2 Sam 2:23), Joab killed Abner in revenge (3:26-30), despite Abner’s new loyalty to David (3:12-19). Later, Joab killed his own cousin Amasa (20:8-10), who commanded Absalom’s army (17:25), after David had appointed Amasa commander in Joab’s place (19:13; 20:4). Joab also killed Absalom against David’s direct order (18:5, 10-17). He then rebuked David for grieving Absalom’s death rather than congratulating the army (19:5-7). Joab was ruthless, and he regained the most powerful position in David’s army (20:23; 24:2; 1 Kgs 1:19).<\/p>\n<p>Joab sealed his fate by supporting Adonijah’s bid for David’s throne (1 Kgs 1:5-7). David’s deathbed instructions to Solomon included having Joab killed because of his murders of Abner and Amasa. When Solomon became king, he sent Benaiah to kill Joab even as Joab clung to the horns of the altar (1 Kgs 2:28-34). Joab met the same fate that he dealt to others throughout his life, and his executioner replaced him as commander of Israel’s army (1 Kgs 2:35).<\/p>\n<p><strong>Passages for Further Study<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>2 Sam 2:13-32; 3:22-39; 8:16; 10:7-14; 11:1-25; 12:26-28; 14:1-33; 17:25; 18:2–19:13; 20:7-23; 24:2-9; 1 Kgs 1:7, 19; 2:28-35; 11:15-16; 1 Chr 2:16; 11:6-8; 18:15; 19:8-15; 20:1; 21:2-6; 26:28; 27:24, 34; Ps 60:1-12<\/p>","content_en":"<h3>Joab<\/h3>\n<p>Joab was David’s nephew, the son of David’s sister Zeruiah (1 Chr 2:13-16); his brothers were Abishai and Asahel. Joab became commander of David’s armies because of his bravery and military skill (2 Sam 2:18; 8:16; 11:1; 1 Chr 18:15). As the first to attack the Jebusite city of Jerusalem, he was awarded the commander’s position (1 Chr 11:4-9). Joab also suppressed a rebellion among the Arameans and Ammonites (2 Sam 10:1-19; 1 Chr 19:8-15) and won many key battles for David against the northern army of Israel under Abner’s impressive command (2 Sam 2:12-32).<\/p>\n<p>Joab often acted to promote what he perceived were David’s interests. For example, he colluded with David in the death of Uriah the Hittite to cover up the king’s adultery with Bathsheba (11:1-27). He persuaded David to allow Absalom’s return to court (14:1-33), and he tried to talk David out of taking a census that provoked God’s anger (24:1-9; 1 Chr 21:1-6).<\/p>\n<p>Though he was very loyal to David, Joab sometimes acted in his own interest, and sometimes he disregarded the king’s orders. When Abner killed Joab’s brother Asahel (2 Sam 2:23), Joab killed Abner in revenge (3:26-30), despite Abner’s new loyalty to David (3:12-19). Later, Joab killed his own cousin Amasa (20:8-10), who commanded Absalom’s army (17:25), after David had appointed Amasa commander in Joab’s place (19:13; 20:4). Joab also killed Absalom against David’s direct order (18:5, 10-17). He then rebuked David for grieving Absalom’s death rather than congratulating the army (19:5-7). Joab was ruthless, and he regained the most powerful position in David’s army (20:23; 24:2; 1 Kgs 1:19).<\/p>\n<p>Joab sealed his fate by supporting Adonijah’s bid for David’s throne (1 Kgs 1:5-7). David’s deathbed instructions to Solomon included having Joab killed because of his murders of Abner and Amasa. When Solomon became king, he sent Benaiah to kill Joab even as Joab clung to the horns of the altar (1 Kgs 2:28-34). Joab met the same fate that he dealt to others throughout his life, and his executioner replaced him as commander of Israel’s army (1 Kgs 2:35).<\/p>\n<p><strong>Passages for Further Study<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>2 Sam 2:13-32; 3:22-39; 8:16; 10:7-14; 11:1-25; 12:26-28; 14:1-33; 17:25; 18:2–19:13; 20:7-23; 24:2-9; 1 Kgs 1:7, 19; 2:28-35; 11:15-16; 1 Chr 2:16; 11:6-8; 18:15; 19:8-15; 20:1; 21:2-6; 26:28; 27:24, 34; Ps 60:1-12<\/p>","summary_ro":"Joab Joab was David’s nephew, the son of David’s sister Zeruiah (1 Chr 2:13-16); his brothers were Abishai and Asahel. Joab became commander of David’s armies because of his bravery and military skill (2 Sam 2:18; 8:16; 11:1; 1 Chr 18:15). As the first to attack the Jebusite city of Jerusalem, he was awarded the commander’s position (1 Chr 11:4-9). Joab also suppressed a rebellion among the Arameans and Ammonites (2 Sam 10:1-19; 1 Chr 19:8-15) and won many key battles for David against the no...","summary_en":"Joab Joab was David’s nephew, the son of David’s sister Zeruiah (1 Chr 2:13-16); his brothers were Abishai and Asahel. Joab became commander of David’s armies because of his bravery and military skill (2 Sam 2:18; 8:16; 11:1; 1 Chr 18:15). As the first to attack the Jebusite city of Jerusalem, he was awarded the commander’s position (1 Chr 11:4-9). Joab also suppressed a rebellion among the Arameans and Ammonites (2 Sam 10:1-19; 1 Chr 19:8-15) and won many key battles for David against the no...","source":"Profiles.xml","external_url":null,"has_map":false,"has_picture":false},{"id":96648,"type":"profile","type_label":"Profil","type_icon":"👤","type_color":"#f59e0b","title_ro":"Abishai","title_en":"Abishai","content_ro":"<h3>Abishai<\/h3>\n<p>Abishai was a powerful and successful warrior and a leader in David’s army. He was David’s nephew, a son of David’s sister Zeruiah and the brother of Joab and Asahel (1 Chr 2:13-16).<\/p>\n<p>Abishai was completely devoted to David and quick to suggest violence against David’s enemies. When God allowed David and Abishai to penetrate Saul’s war camp while the troops were sleeping, Abishai wanted to assassinate Saul, but David restrained him. Later, when the revolt of Absalom required that David leave Jerusalem, the king was cursed by Shimei, a member of Saul’s family, and Abishai wanted to execute Shimei (2 Sam 16:5-9). David twice rejected that proposal (2 Sam 16:10-13; 19:18-23). The vengeful spirit of Abishai and his brothers also came out in an earlier conflict: After Saul’s general, Abner, killed Abishai’s brother Asahel in self-defense, Joab and Abishai took revenge by killing Abner (3:22-30).<\/p>\n<p>Abishai was brave and very capable. He once killed three hundred soldiers in a single battle. For this, he was made leader of the Thirty, a group of especially skillful warriors surpassed only by the Three (1 Chr 11:20-21). Abishai also won a major victory over the Edomites (1 Chr 18:12-13). In a battle with the Philistines, Abishai saved David’s life by killing the giant Ishbi-benob (2 Sam 21:15-17). Abishai also led the army, and when it divided for strategic purposes, Abishai led one group while his brother Joab led the other (10:1-19; 18:1-18). Their military efforts were usually very successful.<\/p>\n<p>Though Joab’s actions eventually led to his death, we nowhere read about the same fate befalling Abishai, who, like Joab, was a violently impulsive military leader.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Passages for Further Study<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>1 Sam 26:6-12; 2 Sam 2:18; 3:30, 39; 10:10-14; 16:9-12; 18:1-8; 19:21-23; 20:6-10; 21:17; 23:18-19; 1 Chr 2:16; 11:20-21; 18:12-13; 19:11-15<\/p>","content_en":"<h3>Abishai<\/h3>\n<p>Abishai was a powerful and successful warrior and a leader in David’s army. He was David’s nephew, a son of David’s sister Zeruiah and the brother of Joab and Asahel (1 Chr 2:13-16).<\/p>\n<p>Abishai was completely devoted to David and quick to suggest violence against David’s enemies. When God allowed David and Abishai to penetrate Saul’s war camp while the troops were sleeping, Abishai wanted to assassinate Saul, but David restrained him. Later, when the revolt of Absalom required that David leave Jerusalem, the king was cursed by Shimei, a member of Saul’s family, and Abishai wanted to execute Shimei (2 Sam 16:5-9). David twice rejected that proposal (2 Sam 16:10-13; 19:18-23). The vengeful spirit of Abishai and his brothers also came out in an earlier conflict: After Saul’s general, Abner, killed Abishai’s brother Asahel in self-defense, Joab and Abishai took revenge by killing Abner (3:22-30).<\/p>\n<p>Abishai was brave and very capable. He once killed three hundred soldiers in a single battle. For this, he was made leader of the Thirty, a group of especially skillful warriors surpassed only by the Three (1 Chr 11:20-21). Abishai also won a major victory over the Edomites (1 Chr 18:12-13). In a battle with the Philistines, Abishai saved David’s life by killing the giant Ishbi-benob (2 Sam 21:15-17). Abishai also led the army, and when it divided for strategic purposes, Abishai led one group while his brother Joab led the other (10:1-19; 18:1-18). Their military efforts were usually very successful.<\/p>\n<p>Though Joab’s actions eventually led to his death, we nowhere read about the same fate befalling Abishai, who, like Joab, was a violently impulsive military leader.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Passages for Further Study<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>1 Sam 26:6-12; 2 Sam 2:18; 3:30, 39; 10:10-14; 16:9-12; 18:1-8; 19:21-23; 20:6-10; 21:17; 23:18-19; 1 Chr 2:16; 11:20-21; 18:12-13; 19:11-15<\/p>","summary_ro":"Abishai Abishai was a powerful and successful warrior and a leader in David’s army. He was David’s nephew, a son of David’s sister Zeruiah and the brother of Joab and Asahel (1 Chr 2:13-16). Abishai was completely devoted to David and quick to suggest violence against David’s enemies. When God allowed David and Abishai to penetrate Saul’s war camp while the troops were sleeping, Abishai wanted to assassinate Saul, but David restrained him. Later, when the revolt of Absalom required that David...","summary_en":"Abishai Abishai was a powerful and successful warrior and a leader in David’s army. He was David’s nephew, a son of David’s sister Zeruiah and the brother of Joab and Asahel (1 Chr 2:13-16). Abishai was completely devoted to David and quick to suggest violence against David’s enemies. When God allowed David and Abishai to penetrate Saul’s war camp while the troops were sleeping, Abishai wanted to assassinate Saul, but David restrained him. Later, when the revolt of Absalom required that David...","source":"Profiles.xml","external_url":null,"has_map":false,"has_picture":false},{"id":96670,"type":"profile","type_label":"Profil","type_icon":"👤","type_color":"#f59e0b","title_ro":"Joab","title_en":"Joab","content_ro":"<h3>Joab<\/h3>\n<p>Joab was David’s nephew, the son of David’s sister Zeruiah (1 Chr 2:13-16); his brothers were Abishai and Asahel. Joab became commander of David’s armies because of his bravery and military skill (2 Sam 2:18; 8:16; 11:1; 1 Chr 18:15). As the first to attack the Jebusite city of Jerusalem, he was awarded the commander’s position (1 Chr 11:4-9). Joab also suppressed a rebellion among the Arameans and Ammonites (2 Sam 10:1-19; 1 Chr 19:8-15) and won many key battles for David against the northern army of Israel under Abner’s impressive command (2 Sam 2:12-32).<\/p>\n<p>Joab often acted to promote what he perceived were David’s interests. For example, he colluded with David in the death of Uriah the Hittite to cover up the king’s adultery with Bathsheba (11:1-27). He persuaded David to allow Absalom’s return to court (14:1-33), and he tried to talk David out of taking a census that provoked God’s anger (24:1-9; 1 Chr 21:1-6).<\/p>\n<p>Though he was very loyal to David, Joab sometimes acted in his own interest, and sometimes he disregarded the king’s orders. When Abner killed Joab’s brother Asahel (2 Sam 2:23), Joab killed Abner in revenge (3:26-30), despite Abner’s new loyalty to David (3:12-19). Later, Joab killed his own cousin Amasa (20:8-10), who commanded Absalom’s army (17:25), after David had appointed Amasa commander in Joab’s place (19:13; 20:4). Joab also killed Absalom against David’s direct order (18:5, 10-17). He then rebuked David for grieving Absalom’s death rather than congratulating the army (19:5-7). Joab was ruthless, and he regained the most powerful position in David’s army (20:23; 24:2; 1 Kgs 1:19).<\/p>\n<p>Joab sealed his fate by supporting Adonijah’s bid for David’s throne (1 Kgs 1:5-7). David’s deathbed instructions to Solomon included having Joab killed because of his murders of Abner and Amasa. When Solomon became king, he sent Benaiah to kill Joab even as Joab clung to the horns of the altar (1 Kgs 2:28-34). Joab met the same fate that he dealt to others throughout his life, and his executioner replaced him as commander of Israel’s army (1 Kgs 2:35).<\/p>\n<p><strong>Passages for Further Study<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>2 Sam 2:13-32; 3:22-39; 8:16; 10:7-14; 11:1-25; 12:26-28; 14:1-33; 17:25; 18:2–19:13; 20:7-23; 24:2-9; 1 Kgs 1:7, 19; 2:28-35; 11:15-16; 1 Chr 2:16; 11:6-8; 18:15; 19:8-15; 20:1; 21:2-6; 26:28; 27:24, 34; Ps 60:1-12<\/p>","content_en":"<h3>Joab<\/h3>\n<p>Joab was David’s nephew, the son of David’s sister Zeruiah (1 Chr 2:13-16); his brothers were Abishai and Asahel. Joab became commander of David’s armies because of his bravery and military skill (2 Sam 2:18; 8:16; 11:1; 1 Chr 18:15). As the first to attack the Jebusite city of Jerusalem, he was awarded the commander’s position (1 Chr 11:4-9). Joab also suppressed a rebellion among the Arameans and Ammonites (2 Sam 10:1-19; 1 Chr 19:8-15) and won many key battles for David against the northern army of Israel under Abner’s impressive command (2 Sam 2:12-32).<\/p>\n<p>Joab often acted to promote what he perceived were David’s interests. For example, he colluded with David in the death of Uriah the Hittite to cover up the king’s adultery with Bathsheba (11:1-27). He persuaded David to allow Absalom’s return to court (14:1-33), and he tried to talk David out of taking a census that provoked God’s anger (24:1-9; 1 Chr 21:1-6).<\/p>\n<p>Though he was very loyal to David, Joab sometimes acted in his own interest, and sometimes he disregarded the king’s orders. When Abner killed Joab’s brother Asahel (2 Sam 2:23), Joab killed Abner in revenge (3:26-30), despite Abner’s new loyalty to David (3:12-19). Later, Joab killed his own cousin Amasa (20:8-10), who commanded Absalom’s army (17:25), after David had appointed Amasa commander in Joab’s place (19:13; 20:4). Joab also killed Absalom against David’s direct order (18:5, 10-17). He then rebuked David for grieving Absalom’s death rather than congratulating the army (19:5-7). Joab was ruthless, and he regained the most powerful position in David’s army (20:23; 24:2; 1 Kgs 1:19).<\/p>\n<p>Joab sealed his fate by supporting Adonijah’s bid for David’s throne (1 Kgs 1:5-7). David’s deathbed instructions to Solomon included having Joab killed because of his murders of Abner and Amasa. When Solomon became king, he sent Benaiah to kill Joab even as Joab clung to the horns of the altar (1 Kgs 2:28-34). Joab met the same fate that he dealt to others throughout his life, and his executioner replaced him as commander of Israel’s army (1 Kgs 2:35).<\/p>\n<p><strong>Passages for Further Study<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>2 Sam 2:13-32; 3:22-39; 8:16; 10:7-14; 11:1-25; 12:26-28; 14:1-33; 17:25; 18:2–19:13; 20:7-23; 24:2-9; 1 Kgs 1:7, 19; 2:28-35; 11:15-16; 1 Chr 2:16; 11:6-8; 18:15; 19:8-15; 20:1; 21:2-6; 26:28; 27:24, 34; Ps 60:1-12<\/p>","summary_ro":"Joab Joab was David’s nephew, the son of David’s sister Zeruiah (1 Chr 2:13-16); his brothers were Abishai and Asahel. Joab became commander of David’s armies because of his bravery and military skill (2 Sam 2:18; 8:16; 11:1; 1 Chr 18:15). As the first to attack the Jebusite city of Jerusalem, he was awarded the commander’s position (1 Chr 11:4-9). Joab also suppressed a rebellion among the Arameans and Ammonites (2 Sam 10:1-19; 1 Chr 19:8-15) and won many key battles for David against the no...","summary_en":"Joab Joab was David’s nephew, the son of David’s sister Zeruiah (1 Chr 2:13-16); his brothers were Abishai and Asahel. Joab became commander of David’s armies because of his bravery and military skill (2 Sam 2:18; 8:16; 11:1; 1 Chr 18:15). As the first to attack the Jebusite city of Jerusalem, he was awarded the commander’s position (1 Chr 11:4-9). Joab also suppressed a rebellion among the Arameans and Ammonites (2 Sam 10:1-19; 1 Chr 19:8-15) and won many key battles for David against the no...","source":"Profiles.xml","external_url":null,"has_map":false,"has_picture":false},{"id":124274,"type":"profile","type_label":"Profil","type_icon":"👤","type_color":"#f59e0b","title_ro":"Abishai","title_en":"Abishai","content_ro":"<h3>Abishai<\/h3>\n<p>Abishai was a powerful and successful warrior and a leader in David’s army. He was David’s nephew, a son of David’s sister Zeruiah and the brother of Joab and Asahel (1 Chr 2:13-16).<\/p>\n<p>Abishai was completely devoted to David and quick to suggest violence against David’s enemies. When God allowed David and Abishai to penetrate Saul’s war camp while the troops were sleeping, Abishai wanted to assassinate Saul, but David restrained him. Later, when the revolt of Absalom required that David leave Jerusalem, the king was cursed by Shimei, a member of Saul’s family, and Abishai wanted to execute Shimei (2 Sam 16:5-9). David twice rejected that proposal (2 Sam 16:10-13; 19:18-23). The vengeful spirit of Abishai and his brothers also came out in an earlier conflict: After Saul’s general, Abner, killed Abishai’s brother Asahel in self-defense, Joab and Abishai took revenge by killing Abner (3:22-30).<\/p>\n<p>Abishai was brave and very capable. He once killed three hundred soldiers in a single battle. For this, he was made leader of the Thirty, a group of especially skillful warriors surpassed only by the Three (1 Chr 11:20-21). Abishai also won a major victory over the Edomites (1 Chr 18:12-13). In a battle with the Philistines, Abishai saved David’s life by killing the giant Ishbi-benob (2 Sam 21:15-17). Abishai also led the army, and when it divided for strategic purposes, Abishai led one group while his brother Joab led the other (10:1-19; 18:1-18). Their military efforts were usually very successful.<\/p>\n<p>Though Joab’s actions eventually led to his death, we nowhere read about the same fate befalling Abishai, who, like Joab, was a violently impulsive military leader.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Passages for Further Study<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>1 Sam 26:6-12; 2 Sam 2:18; 3:30, 39; 10:10-14; 16:9-12; 18:1-8; 19:21-23; 20:6-10; 21:17; 23:18-19; 1 Chr 2:16; 11:20-21; 18:12-13; 19:11-15<\/p>","content_en":"<h3>Abishai<\/h3>\n<p>Abishai was a powerful and successful warrior and a leader in David’s army. He was David’s nephew, a son of David’s sister Zeruiah and the brother of Joab and Asahel (1 Chr 2:13-16).<\/p>\n<p>Abishai was completely devoted to David and quick to suggest violence against David’s enemies. When God allowed David and Abishai to penetrate Saul’s war camp while the troops were sleeping, Abishai wanted to assassinate Saul, but David restrained him. Later, when the revolt of Absalom required that David leave Jerusalem, the king was cursed by Shimei, a member of Saul’s family, and Abishai wanted to execute Shimei (2 Sam 16:5-9). David twice rejected that proposal (2 Sam 16:10-13; 19:18-23). The vengeful spirit of Abishai and his brothers also came out in an earlier conflict: After Saul’s general, Abner, killed Abishai’s brother Asahel in self-defense, Joab and Abishai took revenge by killing Abner (3:22-30).<\/p>\n<p>Abishai was brave and very capable. He once killed three hundred soldiers in a single battle. For this, he was made leader of the Thirty, a group of especially skillful warriors surpassed only by the Three (1 Chr 11:20-21). Abishai also won a major victory over the Edomites (1 Chr 18:12-13). In a battle with the Philistines, Abishai saved David’s life by killing the giant Ishbi-benob (2 Sam 21:15-17). Abishai also led the army, and when it divided for strategic purposes, Abishai led one group while his brother Joab led the other (10:1-19; 18:1-18). Their military efforts were usually very successful.<\/p>\n<p>Though Joab’s actions eventually led to his death, we nowhere read about the same fate befalling Abishai, who, like Joab, was a violently impulsive military leader.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Passages for Further Study<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>1 Sam 26:6-12; 2 Sam 2:18; 3:30, 39; 10:10-14; 16:9-12; 18:1-8; 19:21-23; 20:6-10; 21:17; 23:18-19; 1 Chr 2:16; 11:20-21; 18:12-13; 19:11-15<\/p>","summary_ro":"Abishai Abishai was a powerful and successful warrior and a leader in David’s army. He was David’s nephew, a son of David’s sister Zeruiah and the brother of Joab and Asahel (1 Chr 2:13-16). Abishai was completely devoted to David and quick to suggest violence against David’s enemies. When God allowed David and Abishai to penetrate Saul’s war camp while the troops were sleeping, Abishai wanted to assassinate Saul, but David restrained him. Later, when the revolt of Absalom required that David...","summary_en":"Abishai Abishai was a powerful and successful warrior and a leader in David’s army. He was David’s nephew, a son of David’s sister Zeruiah and the brother of Joab and Asahel (1 Chr 2:13-16). Abishai was completely devoted to David and quick to suggest violence against David’s enemies. When God allowed David and Abishai to penetrate Saul’s war camp while the troops were sleeping, Abishai wanted to assassinate Saul, but David restrained him. Later, when the revolt of Absalom required that David...","source":"Profiles.xml","external_url":null,"has_map":false,"has_picture":false},{"id":124296,"type":"profile","type_label":"Profil","type_icon":"👤","type_color":"#f59e0b","title_ro":"Joab","title_en":"Joab","content_ro":"<h3>Joab<\/h3>\n<p>Joab was David’s nephew, the son of David’s sister Zeruiah (1 Chr 2:13-16); his brothers were Abishai and Asahel. Joab became commander of David’s armies because of his bravery and military skill (2 Sam 2:18; 8:16; 11:1; 1 Chr 18:15). As the first to attack the Jebusite city of Jerusalem, he was awarded the commander’s position (1 Chr 11:4-9). Joab also suppressed a rebellion among the Arameans and Ammonites (2 Sam 10:1-19; 1 Chr 19:8-15) and won many key battles for David against the northern army of Israel under Abner’s impressive command (2 Sam 2:12-32).<\/p>\n<p>Joab often acted to promote what he perceived were David’s interests. For example, he colluded with David in the death of Uriah the Hittite to cover up the king’s adultery with Bathsheba (11:1-27). He persuaded David to allow Absalom’s return to court (14:1-33), and he tried to talk David out of taking a census that provoked God’s anger (24:1-9; 1 Chr 21:1-6).<\/p>\n<p>Though he was very loyal to David, Joab sometimes acted in his own interest, and sometimes he disregarded the king’s orders. When Abner killed Joab’s brother Asahel (2 Sam 2:23), Joab killed Abner in revenge (3:26-30), despite Abner’s new loyalty to David (3:12-19). Later, Joab killed his own cousin Amasa (20:8-10), who commanded Absalom’s army (17:25), after David had appointed Amasa commander in Joab’s place (19:13; 20:4). Joab also killed Absalom against David’s direct order (18:5, 10-17). He then rebuked David for grieving Absalom’s death rather than congratulating the army (19:5-7). Joab was ruthless, and he regained the most powerful position in David’s army (20:23; 24:2; 1 Kgs 1:19).<\/p>\n<p>Joab sealed his fate by supporting Adonijah’s bid for David’s throne (1 Kgs 1:5-7). David’s deathbed instructions to Solomon included having Joab killed because of his murders of Abner and Amasa. When Solomon became king, he sent Benaiah to kill Joab even as Joab clung to the horns of the altar (1 Kgs 2:28-34). Joab met the same fate that he dealt to others throughout his life, and his executioner replaced him as commander of Israel’s army (1 Kgs 2:35).<\/p>\n<p><strong>Passages for Further Study<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>2 Sam 2:13-32; 3:22-39; 8:16; 10:7-14; 11:1-25; 12:26-28; 14:1-33; 17:25; 18:2–19:13; 20:7-23; 24:2-9; 1 Kgs 1:7, 19; 2:28-35; 11:15-16; 1 Chr 2:16; 11:6-8; 18:15; 19:8-15; 20:1; 21:2-6; 26:28; 27:24, 34; Ps 60:1-12<\/p>","content_en":"<h3>Joab<\/h3>\n<p>Joab was David’s nephew, the son of David’s sister Zeruiah (1 Chr 2:13-16); his brothers were Abishai and Asahel. Joab became commander of David’s armies because of his bravery and military skill (2 Sam 2:18; 8:16; 11:1; 1 Chr 18:15). As the first to attack the Jebusite city of Jerusalem, he was awarded the commander’s position (1 Chr 11:4-9). Joab also suppressed a rebellion among the Arameans and Ammonites (2 Sam 10:1-19; 1 Chr 19:8-15) and won many key battles for David against the northern army of Israel under Abner’s impressive command (2 Sam 2:12-32).<\/p>\n<p>Joab often acted to promote what he perceived were David’s interests. For example, he colluded with David in the death of Uriah the Hittite to cover up the king’s adultery with Bathsheba (11:1-27). He persuaded David to allow Absalom’s return to court (14:1-33), and he tried to talk David out of taking a census that provoked God’s anger (24:1-9; 1 Chr 21:1-6).<\/p>\n<p>Though he was very loyal to David, Joab sometimes acted in his own interest, and sometimes he disregarded the king’s orders. When Abner killed Joab’s brother Asahel (2 Sam 2:23), Joab killed Abner in revenge (3:26-30), despite Abner’s new loyalty to David (3:12-19). Later, Joab killed his own cousin Amasa (20:8-10), who commanded Absalom’s army (17:25), after David had appointed Amasa commander in Joab’s place (19:13; 20:4). Joab also killed Absalom against David’s direct order (18:5, 10-17). He then rebuked David for grieving Absalom’s death rather than congratulating the army (19:5-7). Joab was ruthless, and he regained the most powerful position in David’s army (20:23; 24:2; 1 Kgs 1:19).<\/p>\n<p>Joab sealed his fate by supporting Adonijah’s bid for David’s throne (1 Kgs 1:5-7). David’s deathbed instructions to Solomon included having Joab killed because of his murders of Abner and Amasa. When Solomon became king, he sent Benaiah to kill Joab even as Joab clung to the horns of the altar (1 Kgs 2:28-34). Joab met the same fate that he dealt to others throughout his life, and his executioner replaced him as commander of Israel’s army (1 Kgs 2:35).<\/p>\n<p><strong>Passages for Further Study<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>2 Sam 2:13-32; 3:22-39; 8:16; 10:7-14; 11:1-25; 12:26-28; 14:1-33; 17:25; 18:2–19:13; 20:7-23; 24:2-9; 1 Kgs 1:7, 19; 2:28-35; 11:15-16; 1 Chr 2:16; 11:6-8; 18:15; 19:8-15; 20:1; 21:2-6; 26:28; 27:24, 34; Ps 60:1-12<\/p>","summary_ro":"Joab Joab was David’s nephew, the son of David’s sister Zeruiah (1 Chr 2:13-16); his brothers were Abishai and Asahel. Joab became commander of David’s armies because of his bravery and military skill (2 Sam 2:18; 8:16; 11:1; 1 Chr 18:15). As the first to attack the Jebusite city of Jerusalem, he was awarded the commander’s position (1 Chr 11:4-9). Joab also suppressed a rebellion among the Arameans and Ammonites (2 Sam 10:1-19; 1 Chr 19:8-15) and won many key battles for David against the no...","summary_en":"Joab Joab was David’s nephew, the son of David’s sister Zeruiah (1 Chr 2:13-16); his brothers were Abishai and Asahel. Joab became commander of David’s armies because of his bravery and military skill (2 Sam 2:18; 8:16; 11:1; 1 Chr 18:15). As the first to attack the Jebusite city of Jerusalem, he was awarded the commander’s position (1 Chr 11:4-9). Joab also suppressed a rebellion among the Arameans and Ammonites (2 Sam 10:1-19; 1 Chr 19:8-15) and won many key battles for David against the no...","source":"Profiles.xml","external_url":null,"has_map":false,"has_picture":false},{"id":158,"type":"article","type_label":"Articol","type_icon":"📖","type_color":"#d4af37","title_ro":"Abigail","title_en":"Abigail","content_ro":"<h3>ABIGAIL<\/h3>\n<li>1. Nabal’s wife, who later became the wife of David (1 Sm 25:2-42). Nabal was a wealthy sheep owner whose holdings had been protected by David’s men. When David requested provisions in return for that protection, Nabal refused. Enraged, David set out with 400 armed men to destroy Nabal and his house. Abigail had been informed of her husband’s behavior and met David with many provisions, taking the blame for her foolish husband. David thanked God for using Abigail to restrain his anger.<\/li>\n<p>When Nabal woke from a drunken stupor the next morning and learned what had happened, he had a stroke from which he died 10 days later. Abigail then married David and shared his adventurous life among the Philistines (1 Sm 27:3). She was captured by the Amalekites and rescued by David (1 Sm 30:1-19). Abigail went with David to Hebron when he became king of Judah (2 Sm 2:2), and she bore his second son, Chileab (2 Sm 3:3), also called Daniel (1 Chr 3:1).<\/p>\n<li>2. David’s sister, who married Jether and gave birth to Amasa (1 Chr 2:16-17). There appears to be confusion as to the ancestry of this Abigail. In 1 Chronicles 2:13-17 she is listed as a daughter of Jesse. However, in 2 Samuel 17:25, her father is identified as Nahash. The discrepancy could be due to scribal error, or Nahash may be another name for Jesse, or the widow of Nahash could have married Jesse.<\/li>","content_en":"<h3>ABIGAIL<\/h3>\n<li>1. Nabal’s wife, who later became the wife of David (1 Sm 25:2-42). Nabal was a wealthy sheep owner whose holdings had been protected by David’s men. When David requested provisions in return for that protection, Nabal refused. Enraged, David set out with 400 armed men to destroy Nabal and his house. Abigail had been informed of her husband’s behavior and met David with many provisions, taking the blame for her foolish husband. David thanked God for using Abigail to restrain his anger.<\/li>\n<p>When Nabal woke from a drunken stupor the next morning and learned what had happened, he had a stroke from which he died 10 days later. Abigail then married David and shared his adventurous life among the Philistines (1 Sm 27:3). She was captured by the Amalekites and rescued by David (1 Sm 30:1-19). Abigail went with David to Hebron when he became king of Judah (2 Sm 2:2), and she bore his second son, Chileab (2 Sm 3:3), also called Daniel (1 Chr 3:1).<\/p>\n<li>2. David’s sister, who married Jether and gave birth to Amasa (1 Chr 2:16-17). There appears to be confusion as to the ancestry of this Abigail. In 1 Chronicles 2:13-17 she is listed as a daughter of Jesse. However, in 2 Samuel 17:25, her father is identified as Nahash. The discrepancy could be due to scribal error, or Nahash may be another name for Jesse, or the widow of Nahash could have married Jesse.<\/li>","summary_ro":"ABIGAIL 1. Nabal’s wife, who later became the wife of David (1 Sm 25:2-42). Nabal was a wealthy sheep owner whose holdings had been protected by David’s men. When David requested provisions in return for that protection, Nabal refused. Enraged, David set out with 400 armed men to destroy Nabal and his house. Abigail had been informed of her husband’s behavior and met David with many provisions, taking the blame for her foolish husband. David thanked God for using Abigail to restrain his anger...","summary_en":"ABIGAIL 1. Nabal’s wife, who later became the wife of David (1 Sm 25:2-42). Nabal was a wealthy sheep owner whose holdings had been protected by David’s men. When David requested provisions in return for that protection, Nabal refused. Enraged, David set out with 400 armed men to destroy Nabal and his house. Abigail had been informed of her husband’s behavior and met David with many provisions, taking the blame for her foolish husband. David thanked God for using Abigail to restrain his anger...","source":"Articles\/A.xml","external_url":null,"has_map":false,"has_picture":false},{"id":218,"type":"article","type_label":"Articol","type_icon":"📖","type_color":"#d4af37","title_ro":"Abinadab","title_en":"Abinadab","content_ro":"<h3>ABINADAB<\/h3>\n<li>1. Resident of Kiriath-jearim to whose home the ark of God was brought on its return by the Philistines (1 Sm 6:21–7:2).<\/li>\n<li>2. Jesse’s second son, and brother of David (1 Sm 16:8; 17:13; 1 Chr 2:13). This Abinadab served in Saul’s army for part of the Philistine war.<\/li>\n<li>3. KJV form of Ben-abinadab, one of King Solomon’s administrative officers in 1 Kings 4:11. <em>See<\/em> Ben-abinadab.<\/li>\n<li>4. One of Saul’s sons (1 Chr 8:33; 10:2).<\/li>","content_en":"<h3>ABINADAB<\/h3>\n<li>1. Resident of Kiriath-jearim to whose home the ark of God was brought on its return by the Philistines (1 Sm 6:21–7:2).<\/li>\n<li>2. Jesse’s second son, and brother of David (1 Sm 16:8; 17:13; 1 Chr 2:13). This Abinadab served in Saul’s army for part of the Philistine war.<\/li>\n<li>3. KJV form of Ben-abinadab, one of King Solomon’s administrative officers in 1 Kings 4:11. <em>See<\/em> Ben-abinadab.<\/li>\n<li>4. One of Saul’s sons (1 Chr 8:33; 10:2).<\/li>","summary_ro":"ABINADAB 1. Resident of Kiriath-jearim to whose home the ark of God was brought on its return by the Philistines (1 Sm 6:21–7:2). 2. Jesse’s second son, and brother of David (1 Sm 16:8; 17:13; 1 Chr 2:13). This Abinadab served in Saul’s army for part of the Philistine war. 3. KJV form of Ben-abinadab, one of King Solomon’s administrative officers in 1 Kings 4:11. See Ben-abinadab. 4. One of Saul’s sons (1 Chr 8:33; 10:2).","summary_en":"ABINADAB 1. Resident of Kiriath-jearim to whose home the ark of God was brought on its return by the Philistines (1 Sm 6:21–7:2). 2. Jesse’s second son, and brother of David (1 Sm 16:8; 17:13; 1 Chr 2:13). This Abinadab served in Saul’s army for part of the Philistine war. 3. KJV form of Ben-abinadab, one of King Solomon’s administrative officers in 1 Kings 4:11. See Ben-abinadab. 4. One of Saul’s sons (1 Chr 8:33; 10:2).","source":"Articles\/A.xml","external_url":null,"has_map":false,"has_picture":false},{"id":4233,"type":"article","type_label":"Articol","type_icon":"📖","type_color":"#d4af37","title_ro":"Ben-Abinadab","title_en":"Ben-Abinadab","content_ro":"<h3>BEN-ABINADAB<\/h3>\n<p>One of 12 officers appointed to requisition food for King Solomon’s household. His administrative district comprised the area around Naphath-dor, the coastal city south of Mt Carmel (1 Kgs 4:11). The name means “son of Abinadab” and probably indicates that Ben-abinadab was the son of Solomon’s uncle Abinadab (1 Sm 16:8; 1 Chr 2:13).<\/p>","content_en":"<h3>BEN-ABINADAB<\/h3>\n<p>One of 12 officers appointed to requisition food for King Solomon’s household. His administrative district comprised the area around Naphath-dor, the coastal city south of Mt Carmel (1 Kgs 4:11). The name means “son of Abinadab” and probably indicates that Ben-abinadab was the son of Solomon’s uncle Abinadab (1 Sm 16:8; 1 Chr 2:13).<\/p>","summary_ro":"BEN-ABINADAB One of 12 officers appointed to requisition food for King Solomon’s household. His administrative district comprised the area around Naphath-dor, the coastal city south of Mt Carmel (1 Kgs 4:11). The name means “son of Abinadab” and probably indicates that Ben-abinadab was the son of Solomon’s uncle Abinadab (1 Sm 16:8; 1 Chr 2:13).","summary_en":"BEN-ABINADAB One of 12 officers appointed to requisition food for King Solomon’s household. His administrative district comprised the area around Naphath-dor, the coastal city south of Mt Carmel (1 Kgs 4:11). The name means “son of Abinadab” and probably indicates that Ben-abinadab was the son of Solomon’s uncle Abinadab (1 Sm 16:8; 1 Chr 2:13).","source":"Articles\/B.xml","external_url":null,"has_map":false,"has_picture":false},{"id":10489,"type":"article","type_label":"Articol","type_icon":"📖","type_color":"#d4af37","title_ro":"Eliab","title_en":"Eliab","content_ro":"<h3>ELIAB<\/h3>\n<li>1. Helon’s son and leader of Zebulun’s tribe when the Israelites were roaming in the Sinai wilderness after their escape from Egypt (Nm 1:9; 2:7; 10:16). As leader, he presented his tribe’s offering at the consecration of the tabernacle (7:24, 29).<\/li>\n<li>2. Member of Reuben’s tribe and son of Pallu. Eliab was the father of Nemuel, Dathan, and Abiram. Dathan and Abiram rebelled against Moses and Aaron in the wilderness (Nm 16:1, 12; 26:8-9; Dt 11:6).<\/li>\n<li>3. Jesse’s eldest son and brother of King David. An impressive person physically, he was rejected by God for the kingship in favor of David (1 Sm 16:6; 1 Chr 2:13). Eliab served King Saul when Goliath defied Saul’s army (1 Sm 17:13, 28). He was appointed leader of Judah’s tribe during David’s reign (1 Chr 27:18). His granddaughter Mahalath married King Rehoboam of Judah (2 Chr 11:18).<\/li>\n<li>4. Variant name for Elihu in 1 Chronicles 6:27. <em>See<\/em> Elihu #1.<\/li>\n<li>5. Warrior from Gad’s tribe who joined David at Ziklag in his struggle against King Saul (1 Chr 12:9). Eliab was an expert with the shield and spear (v 8).<\/li>\n<li>6. Levite musician assigned to play the harp in the procession when King David brought the ark to Jerusalem (1 Chr 15:18). He was assigned permanently to service in the tabernacle (16:5).<\/li>","content_en":"<h3>ELIAB<\/h3>\n<li>1. Helon’s son and leader of Zebulun’s tribe when the Israelites were roaming in the Sinai wilderness after their escape from Egypt (Nm 1:9; 2:7; 10:16). As leader, he presented his tribe’s offering at the consecration of the tabernacle (7:24, 29).<\/li>\n<li>2. Member of Reuben’s tribe and son of Pallu. Eliab was the father of Nemuel, Dathan, and Abiram. Dathan and Abiram rebelled against Moses and Aaron in the wilderness (Nm 16:1, 12; 26:8-9; Dt 11:6).<\/li>\n<li>3. Jesse’s eldest son and brother of King David. An impressive person physically, he was rejected by God for the kingship in favor of David (1 Sm 16:6; 1 Chr 2:13). Eliab served King Saul when Goliath defied Saul’s army (1 Sm 17:13, 28). He was appointed leader of Judah’s tribe during David’s reign (1 Chr 27:18). His granddaughter Mahalath married King Rehoboam of Judah (2 Chr 11:18).<\/li>\n<li>4. Variant name for Elihu in 1 Chronicles 6:27. <em>See<\/em> Elihu #1.<\/li>\n<li>5. Warrior from Gad’s tribe who joined David at Ziklag in his struggle against King Saul (1 Chr 12:9). Eliab was an expert with the shield and spear (v 8).<\/li>\n<li>6. Levite musician assigned to play the harp in the procession when King David brought the ark to Jerusalem (1 Chr 15:18). He was assigned permanently to service in the tabernacle (16:5).<\/li>","summary_ro":"ELIAB 1. Helon’s son and leader of Zebulun’s tribe when the Israelites were roaming in the Sinai wilderness after their escape from Egypt (Nm 1:9; 2:7; 10:16). As leader, he presented his tribe’s offering at the consecration of the tabernacle (7:24, 29). 2. Member of Reuben’s tribe and son of Pallu. Eliab was the father of Nemuel, Dathan, and Abiram. Dathan and Abiram rebelled against Moses and Aaron in the wilderness (Nm 16:1, 12; 26:8-9; Dt 11:6). 3. Jesse’s eldest son and brother of King D...","summary_en":"ELIAB 1. Helon’s son and leader of Zebulun’s tribe when the Israelites were roaming in the Sinai wilderness after their escape from Egypt (Nm 1:9; 2:7; 10:16). As leader, he presented his tribe’s offering at the consecration of the tabernacle (7:24, 29). 2. Member of Reuben’s tribe and son of Pallu. Eliab was the father of Nemuel, Dathan, and Abiram. Dathan and Abiram rebelled against Moses and Aaron in the wilderness (Nm 16:1, 12; 26:8-9; Dt 11:6). 3. Jesse’s eldest son and brother of King D...","source":"Articles\/E.xml","external_url":null,"has_map":false,"has_picture":false},{"id":34625,"type":"article","type_label":"Articol","type_icon":"📖","type_color":"#d4af37","title_ro":"Shammah","title_en":"Shammah","content_ro":"<h3>SHAMMAH<\/h3>\n<li>1. One of Reuel’s four sons, the grandson of Esau and a chief in the land of Edom (Gn 36:13, 17; 1 Chr 1:37).<\/li>\n<li>2. Third of Jesse’s eight sons, the brother of David (1 Sm 16:9; 17:13) and the father of Jonathan (2 Sm 21:20-21) and Jonadab (2 Sm 13:3ff.). Shammah is alternately called Shimea in 1 Chronicles 2:13 and 20:7, Shimeah in 2 Samuel 13:3, and Shimei in 21:21.<\/li>\n<li>3. Son of Agee the Hararite and one of the elite among David’s mighty men. He was renowned for his valiant stand against the Philistines at Lehi (2 Sm 23:11-12).<\/li>\n<li>4. Harodite and one of David’s 30 valiant warriors. He was listed between Elhanan and Elika (2 Sm 23:24-25). The parallel passage of 1 Chronicles 11:27 reads Shammoth, the plural form of Shammah. In 27:8 Shamhuth the Irahite, the commander of a division of David’s soldiers, is no doubt the same man.<\/li>\n<li>5. Hararite and one of David’s mighty men, listed between Jonathan and Ahiam (2 Sm 23:33).<\/li>","content_en":"<h3>SHAMMAH<\/h3>\n<li>1. One of Reuel’s four sons, the grandson of Esau and a chief in the land of Edom (Gn 36:13, 17; 1 Chr 1:37).<\/li>\n<li>2. Third of Jesse’s eight sons, the brother of David (1 Sm 16:9; 17:13) and the father of Jonathan (2 Sm 21:20-21) and Jonadab (2 Sm 13:3ff.). Shammah is alternately called Shimea in 1 Chronicles 2:13 and 20:7, Shimeah in 2 Samuel 13:3, and Shimei in 21:21.<\/li>\n<li>3. Son of Agee the Hararite and one of the elite among David’s mighty men. He was renowned for his valiant stand against the Philistines at Lehi (2 Sm 23:11-12).<\/li>\n<li>4. Harodite and one of David’s 30 valiant warriors. He was listed between Elhanan and Elika (2 Sm 23:24-25). The parallel passage of 1 Chronicles 11:27 reads Shammoth, the plural form of Shammah. In 27:8 Shamhuth the Irahite, the commander of a division of David’s soldiers, is no doubt the same man.<\/li>\n<li>5. Hararite and one of David’s mighty men, listed between Jonathan and Ahiam (2 Sm 23:33).<\/li>","summary_ro":"SHAMMAH 1. One of Reuel’s four sons, the grandson of Esau and a chief in the land of Edom (Gn 36:13, 17; 1 Chr 1:37). 2. Third of Jesse’s eight sons, the brother of David (1 Sm 16:9; 17:13) and the father of Jonathan (2 Sm 21:20-21) and Jonadab (2 Sm 13:3ff.). Shammah is alternately called Shimea in 1 Chronicles 2:13 and 20:7, Shimeah in 2 Samuel 13:3, and Shimei in 21:21. 3. Son of Agee the Hararite and one of the elite among David’s mighty men. He was renowned for his valiant stand against ...","summary_en":"SHAMMAH 1. One of Reuel’s four sons, the grandson of Esau and a chief in the land of Edom (Gn 36:13, 17; 1 Chr 1:37). 2. Third of Jesse’s eight sons, the brother of David (1 Sm 16:9; 17:13) and the father of Jonathan (2 Sm 21:20-21) and Jonadab (2 Sm 13:3ff.). Shammah is alternately called Shimea in 1 Chronicles 2:13 and 20:7, Shimeah in 2 Samuel 13:3, and Shimei in 21:21. 3. Son of Agee the Hararite and one of the elite among David’s mighty men. He was renowned for his valiant stand against ...","source":"Articles\/S.xml","external_url":null,"has_map":false,"has_picture":false},{"id":35083,"type":"article","type_label":"Articol","type_icon":"📖","type_color":"#d4af37","title_ro":"Shimea","title_en":"Shimea","content_ro":"<h3>SHIMEA<\/h3>\n<li>1. Alternate name for Shammah, Jesse’s third son, in 1 Chronicles 2:13 and 20:7. <em>See<\/em> Shammah #2.<\/li>\n<li>2. David’s son borne to him by Bathsheba during his reign in Jerusalem (1 Chr 3:5). He is called Shammua in 2 Samuel 5:14 and 1 Chronicles 14:4.<\/li>\n<li>3. Uzzah’s son, the father of Haggiah and a descendant of Levi through Merari’s line (1 Chr 6:30).<\/li>\n<li>4. Gershonite Levite, Michael’s son, the father of Berekiah, and the grandfather of Asaph. Asaph, with Heman and Ethan, was appointed by David to lead the musicians before the sanctuary (1 Chr 6:39).<\/li>","content_en":"<h3>SHIMEA<\/h3>\n<li>1. Alternate name for Shammah, Jesse’s third son, in 1 Chronicles 2:13 and 20:7. <em>See<\/em> Shammah #2.<\/li>\n<li>2. David’s son borne to him by Bathsheba during his reign in Jerusalem (1 Chr 3:5). He is called Shammua in 2 Samuel 5:14 and 1 Chronicles 14:4.<\/li>\n<li>3. Uzzah’s son, the father of Haggiah and a descendant of Levi through Merari’s line (1 Chr 6:30).<\/li>\n<li>4. Gershonite Levite, Michael’s son, the father of Berekiah, and the grandfather of Asaph. Asaph, with Heman and Ethan, was appointed by David to lead the musicians before the sanctuary (1 Chr 6:39).<\/li>","summary_ro":"SHIMEA 1. Alternate name for Shammah, Jesse’s third son, in 1 Chronicles 2:13 and 20:7. See Shammah #2. 2. David’s son borne to him by Bathsheba during his reign in Jerusalem (1 Chr 3:5). He is called Shammua in 2 Samuel 5:14 and 1 Chronicles 14:4. 3. Uzzah’s son, the father of Haggiah and a descendant of Levi through Merari’s line (1 Chr 6:30). 4. Gershonite Levite, Michael’s son, the father of Berekiah, and the grandfather of Asaph. Asaph, with Heman and Ethan, was appointed by David to lea...","summary_en":"SHIMEA 1. Alternate name for Shammah, Jesse’s third son, in 1 Chronicles 2:13 and 20:7. See Shammah #2. 2. David’s son borne to him by Bathsheba during his reign in Jerusalem (1 Chr 3:5). He is called Shammua in 2 Samuel 5:14 and 1 Chronicles 14:4. 3. Uzzah’s son, the father of Haggiah and a descendant of Levi through Merari’s line (1 Chr 6:30). 4. Gershonite Levite, Michael’s son, the father of Berekiah, and the grandfather of Asaph. Asaph, with Heman and Ethan, was appointed by David to lea...","source":"Articles\/S.xml","external_url":null,"has_map":false,"has_picture":false},{"id":35129,"type":"article","type_label":"Articol","type_icon":"📖","type_color":"#d4af37","title_ro":"Shimma*","title_en":"Shimma*","content_ro":"<h3>SHIMMA*<\/h3>\n<p>KJV spelling of Shimea, an alternate name for Shammah, Jesse’s son, in 1 Chronicles 2:13. <em>See<\/em> Shammah #2.<\/p>","content_en":"<h3>SHIMMA*<\/h3>\n<p>KJV spelling of Shimea, an alternate name for Shammah, Jesse’s son, in 1 Chronicles 2:13. <em>See<\/em> Shammah #2.<\/p>","summary_ro":"SHIMMA* KJV spelling of Shimea, an alternate name for Shammah, Jesse’s son, in 1 Chronicles 2:13. See Shammah #2.","summary_en":"SHIMMA* KJV spelling of Shimea, an alternate name for Shammah, Jesse’s son, in 1 Chronicles 2:13. See Shammah #2.","source":"Articles\/S.xml","external_url":null,"has_map":false,"has_picture":false}],"14":[{"id":27352,"type":"article","type_label":"Articol","type_icon":"📖","type_color":"#d4af37","title_ro":"Nethaneel*, Nethanel","title_en":"Nethaneel*, Nethanel","content_ro":"<h3>NETHANEEL*, NETHANEL<\/h3>\n<p>Common OT name spelled Nethaneel in the <span>kjv<\/span>.<\/p>\n<p> 1. Zuar’s son and the prince of Issachar’s tribe at the start of Israel’s wilderness wanderings (Nm 1:8; 2:5; 10:15), who represented his kinsmen at the altar’s dedication (7:18, 23).<\/p>\n<li> 2. Judahite, the fourth son of Jesse and David’s brother (1 Chr 2:14).<\/li>\n<li> 3. One of the priests assigned to blow a trumpet before the ark in the procession led by David when the ark was moved to Jerusalem (1 Chr 15:24).<\/li>\n<li> 4. Levite and the father of Shemaiah, the scribe who recorded the 24 divisions of priests founded during David’s reign (1 Chr 24:6).<\/li>\n<li> 5. Korahite Levite and Obed-edom’s fifth son in David’s reign (1 Chr 26:4).<\/li>\n<li> 6. One of the princes sent by King Jehoshaphat to teach the law in the cities of Judah (2 Chr 17:7).<\/li>\n<li> 7. One of the Levitical chiefs who generously gave animals to the Levites for the celebration of the Passover feast during King Josiah’s reign (2 Chr 35:9).<\/li>\n<li> 8. Priest and one of Pashhur’s six sons who was encouraged by Ezra to divorce his foreign wife during the postexilic era (Ezr 10:22).<\/li>\n<li> 9. Head of Jedaiah’s priestly family during the days of Joiakim, the high priest, in postexilic Jerusalem (Neh 12:21).<\/li>\n<li>10. One of the priestly musicians who performed at the dedication of the Jerusalem wall during Nehemiah’s day (Neh 12:36).<\/li>","content_en":"<h3>NETHANEEL*, NETHANEL<\/h3>\n<p>Common OT name spelled Nethaneel in the <span>kjv<\/span>.<\/p>\n<p> 1. Zuar’s son and the prince of Issachar’s tribe at the start of Israel’s wilderness wanderings (Nm 1:8; 2:5; 10:15), who represented his kinsmen at the altar’s dedication (7:18, 23).<\/p>\n<li> 2. Judahite, the fourth son of Jesse and David’s brother (1 Chr 2:14).<\/li>\n<li> 3. One of the priests assigned to blow a trumpet before the ark in the procession led by David when the ark was moved to Jerusalem (1 Chr 15:24).<\/li>\n<li> 4. Levite and the father of Shemaiah, the scribe who recorded the 24 divisions of priests founded during David’s reign (1 Chr 24:6).<\/li>\n<li> 5. Korahite Levite and Obed-edom’s fifth son in David’s reign (1 Chr 26:4).<\/li>\n<li> 6. One of the princes sent by King Jehoshaphat to teach the law in the cities of Judah (2 Chr 17:7).<\/li>\n<li> 7. One of the Levitical chiefs who generously gave animals to the Levites for the celebration of the Passover feast during King Josiah’s reign (2 Chr 35:9).<\/li>\n<li> 8. Priest and one of Pashhur’s six sons who was encouraged by Ezra to divorce his foreign wife during the postexilic era (Ezr 10:22).<\/li>\n<li> 9. Head of Jedaiah’s priestly family during the days of Joiakim, the high priest, in postexilic Jerusalem (Neh 12:21).<\/li>\n<li>10. One of the priestly musicians who performed at the dedication of the Jerusalem wall during Nehemiah’s day (Neh 12:36).<\/li>","summary_ro":"NETHANEEL*, NETHANEL Common OT name spelled Nethaneel in the kjv. 1. Zuar’s son and the prince of Issachar’s tribe at the start of Israel’s wilderness wanderings (Nm 1:8; 2:5; 10:15), who represented his kinsmen at the altar’s dedication (7:18, 23). 2. Judahite, the fourth son of Jesse and David’s brother (1 Chr 2:14). 3. One of the priests assigned to blow a trumpet before the ark in the procession led by David when the ark was moved to Jerusalem (1 Chr 15:24). 4. Levite and the father of Sh...","summary_en":"NETHANEEL*, NETHANEL Common OT name spelled Nethaneel in the kjv. 1. Zuar’s son and the prince of Issachar’s tribe at the start of Israel’s wilderness wanderings (Nm 1:8; 2:5; 10:15), who represented his kinsmen at the altar’s dedication (7:18, 23). 2. Judahite, the fourth son of Jesse and David’s brother (1 Chr 2:14). 3. One of the priests assigned to blow a trumpet before the ark in the procession led by David when the ark was moved to Jerusalem (1 Chr 15:24). 4. Levite and the father of Sh...","source":"Articles\/N.xml","external_url":null,"has_map":false,"has_picture":false},{"id":32314,"type":"article","type_label":"Articol","type_icon":"📖","type_color":"#d4af37","title_ro":"Raddai","title_en":"Raddai","content_ro":"<h3>RADDAI<\/h3>\n<p>Fifth of Jesse’s seven sons and the brother of David from Judah’s tribe (1 Chr 2:14).<\/p>","content_en":"<h3>RADDAI<\/h3>\n<p>Fifth of Jesse’s seven sons and the brother of David from Judah’s tribe (1 Chr 2:14).<\/p>","summary_ro":"RADDAI Fifth of Jesse’s seven sons and the brother of David from Judah’s tribe (1 Chr 2:14).","summary_en":"RADDAI Fifth of Jesse’s seven sons and the brother of David from Judah’s tribe (1 Chr 2:14).","source":"Articles\/R.xml","external_url":null,"has_map":false,"has_picture":false},{"id":47552,"type":"study_note","type_label":"Notă de studiu","type_icon":"📝","type_color":"#06b6d4","title_ro":"Notă de studiu: 1 Cronici 2:14","title_en":"Study Note: 1 Cronici 2:14","content_ro":"<p><strong>2:14-15<\/strong> The Chronicler lists <em>David<\/em> as the <em>seventh<\/em> son of Jesse, while Samuel makes him the eighth (1 Sam 16:6-13; 17:12). Samuel does not provide the names of David’s fourth, fifth, or sixth brothers (<em>Nethanel<\/em><em>,<\/em> <em>Raddai<\/em><em>,<\/em> and <em>Ozem<\/em>). Later, the Chronicler lists a brother named Elihu, who might or might not have been an additional son (see study note on 1 Chr 27:18). The number seven (the “perfect” number) perhaps symbolizes that David was chosen by God to rule.<\/p>","content_en":"<p><strong>2:14-15<\/strong> The Chronicler lists <em>David<\/em> as the <em>seventh<\/em> son of Jesse, while Samuel makes him the eighth (1 Sam 16:6-13; 17:12). Samuel does not provide the names of David’s fourth, fifth, or sixth brothers (<em>Nethanel<\/em><em>,<\/em> <em>Raddai<\/em><em>,<\/em> and <em>Ozem<\/em>). Later, the Chronicler lists a brother named Elihu, who might or might not have been an additional son (see study note on 1 Chr 27:18). The number seven (the “perfect” number) perhaps symbolizes that David was chosen by God to rule.<\/p>","summary_ro":"2:14-15 The Chronicler lists David as the seventh son of Jesse, while Samuel makes him the eighth (1 Sam 16:6-13; 17:12). Samuel does not provide the names of David’s fourth, fifth, or sixth brothers (Nethanel, Raddai, and Ozem). Later, the Chronicler lists a brother named Elihu, who might or might not have been an additional son (see study note on 1 Chr 27:18). The number seven (the “perfect” number) perhaps symbolizes that David was chosen by God to rule.","summary_en":"2:14-15 The Chronicler lists David as the seventh son of Jesse, while Samuel makes him the eighth (1 Sam 16:6-13; 17:12). Samuel does not provide the names of David’s fourth, fifth, or sixth brothers (Nethanel, Raddai, and Ozem). Later, the Chronicler lists a brother named Elihu, who might or might not have been an additional son (see study note on 1 Chr 27:18). The number seven (the “perfect” number) perhaps symbolizes that David was chosen by God to rule.","source":"StudyNotes.xml","external_url":null,"has_map":false,"has_picture":false},{"id":75178,"type":"study_note","type_label":"Notă de studiu","type_icon":"📝","type_color":"#06b6d4","title_ro":"Notă de studiu: 1 Cronici 2:14","title_en":"Study Note: 1 Cronici 2:14","content_ro":"<p><strong>2:14-15<\/strong> The Chronicler lists <em>David<\/em> as the <em>seventh<\/em> son of Jesse, while Samuel makes him the eighth (1 Sam 16:6-13; 17:12). Samuel does not provide the names of David’s fourth, fifth, or sixth brothers (<em>Nethanel<\/em><em>,<\/em> <em>Raddai<\/em><em>,<\/em> and <em>Ozem<\/em>). Later, the Chronicler lists a brother named Elihu, who might or might not have been an additional son (see study note on 1 Chr 27:18). The number seven (the “perfect” number) perhaps symbolizes that David was chosen by God to rule.<\/p>","content_en":"<p><strong>2:14-15<\/strong> The Chronicler lists <em>David<\/em> as the <em>seventh<\/em> son of Jesse, while Samuel makes him the eighth (1 Sam 16:6-13; 17:12). Samuel does not provide the names of David’s fourth, fifth, or sixth brothers (<em>Nethanel<\/em><em>,<\/em> <em>Raddai<\/em><em>,<\/em> and <em>Ozem<\/em>). Later, the Chronicler lists a brother named Elihu, who might or might not have been an additional son (see study note on 1 Chr 27:18). The number seven (the “perfect” number) perhaps symbolizes that David was chosen by God to rule.<\/p>","summary_ro":"2:14-15 The Chronicler lists David as the seventh son of Jesse, while Samuel makes him the eighth (1 Sam 16:6-13; 17:12). Samuel does not provide the names of David’s fourth, fifth, or sixth brothers (Nethanel, Raddai, and Ozem). Later, the Chronicler lists a brother named Elihu, who might or might not have been an additional son (see study note on 1 Chr 27:18). The number seven (the “perfect” number) perhaps symbolizes that David was chosen by God to rule.","summary_en":"2:14-15 The Chronicler lists David as the seventh son of Jesse, while Samuel makes him the eighth (1 Sam 16:6-13; 17:12). Samuel does not provide the names of David’s fourth, fifth, or sixth brothers (Nethanel, Raddai, and Ozem). Later, the Chronicler lists a brother named Elihu, who might or might not have been an additional son (see study note on 1 Chr 27:18). The number seven (the “perfect” number) perhaps symbolizes that David was chosen by God to rule.","source":"StudyNotes.xml","external_url":null,"has_map":false,"has_picture":false},{"id":102804,"type":"study_note","type_label":"Notă de studiu","type_icon":"📝","type_color":"#06b6d4","title_ro":"Notă de studiu: 1 Cronici 2:14","title_en":"Study Note: 1 Cronici 2:14","content_ro":"<p><strong>2:14-15<\/strong> The Chronicler lists <em>David<\/em> as the <em>seventh<\/em> son of Jesse, while Samuel makes him the eighth (1 Sam 16:6-13; 17:12). Samuel does not provide the names of David’s fourth, fifth, or sixth brothers (<em>Nethanel<\/em><em>,<\/em> <em>Raddai<\/em><em>,<\/em> and <em>Ozem<\/em>). Later, the Chronicler lists a brother named Elihu, who might or might not have been an additional son (see study note on 1 Chr 27:18). The number seven (the “perfect” number) perhaps symbolizes that David was chosen by God to rule.<\/p>","content_en":"<p><strong>2:14-15<\/strong> The Chronicler lists <em>David<\/em> as the <em>seventh<\/em> son of Jesse, while Samuel makes him the eighth (1 Sam 16:6-13; 17:12). Samuel does not provide the names of David’s fourth, fifth, or sixth brothers (<em>Nethanel<\/em><em>,<\/em> <em>Raddai<\/em><em>,<\/em> and <em>Ozem<\/em>). Later, the Chronicler lists a brother named Elihu, who might or might not have been an additional son (see study note on 1 Chr 27:18). The number seven (the “perfect” number) perhaps symbolizes that David was chosen by God to rule.<\/p>","summary_ro":"2:14-15 The Chronicler lists David as the seventh son of Jesse, while Samuel makes him the eighth (1 Sam 16:6-13; 17:12). Samuel does not provide the names of David’s fourth, fifth, or sixth brothers (Nethanel, Raddai, and Ozem). Later, the Chronicler lists a brother named Elihu, who might or might not have been an additional son (see study note on 1 Chr 27:18). The number seven (the “perfect” number) perhaps symbolizes that David was chosen by God to rule.","summary_en":"2:14-15 The Chronicler lists David as the seventh son of Jesse, while Samuel makes him the eighth (1 Sam 16:6-13; 17:12). Samuel does not provide the names of David’s fourth, fifth, or sixth brothers (Nethanel, Raddai, and Ozem). Later, the Chronicler lists a brother named Elihu, who might or might not have been an additional son (see study note on 1 Chr 27:18). The number seven (the “perfect” number) perhaps symbolizes that David was chosen by God to rule.","source":"StudyNotes.xml","external_url":null,"has_map":false,"has_picture":false},{"id":130430,"type":"study_note","type_label":"Notă de studiu","type_icon":"📝","type_color":"#06b6d4","title_ro":"Notă de studiu: 1 Cronici 2:14","title_en":"Study Note: 1 Cronici 2:14","content_ro":"<p><strong>2:14-15<\/strong> The Chronicler lists <em>David<\/em> as the <em>seventh<\/em> son of Jesse, while Samuel makes him the eighth (1 Sam 16:6-13; 17:12). Samuel does not provide the names of David’s fourth, fifth, or sixth brothers (<em>Nethanel<\/em><em>,<\/em> <em>Raddai<\/em><em>,<\/em> and <em>Ozem<\/em>). Later, the Chronicler lists a brother named Elihu, who might or might not have been an additional son (see study note on 1 Chr 27:18). The number seven (the “perfect” number) perhaps symbolizes that David was chosen by God to rule.<\/p>","content_en":"<p><strong>2:14-15<\/strong> The Chronicler lists <em>David<\/em> as the <em>seventh<\/em> son of Jesse, while Samuel makes him the eighth (1 Sam 16:6-13; 17:12). Samuel does not provide the names of David’s fourth, fifth, or sixth brothers (<em>Nethanel<\/em><em>,<\/em> <em>Raddai<\/em><em>,<\/em> and <em>Ozem<\/em>). Later, the Chronicler lists a brother named Elihu, who might or might not have been an additional son (see study note on 1 Chr 27:18). The number seven (the “perfect” number) perhaps symbolizes that David was chosen by God to rule.<\/p>","summary_ro":"2:14-15 The Chronicler lists David as the seventh son of Jesse, while Samuel makes him the eighth (1 Sam 16:6-13; 17:12). Samuel does not provide the names of David’s fourth, fifth, or sixth brothers (Nethanel, Raddai, and Ozem). Later, the Chronicler lists a brother named Elihu, who might or might not have been an additional son (see study note on 1 Chr 27:18). The number seven (the “perfect” number) perhaps symbolizes that David was chosen by God to rule.","summary_en":"2:14-15 The Chronicler lists David as the seventh son of Jesse, while Samuel makes him the eighth (1 Sam 16:6-13; 17:12). Samuel does not provide the names of David’s fourth, fifth, or sixth brothers (Nethanel, Raddai, and Ozem). Later, the Chronicler lists a brother named Elihu, who might or might not have been an additional son (see study note on 1 Chr 27:18). The number seven (the “perfect” number) perhaps symbolizes that David was chosen by God to rule.","source":"StudyNotes.xml","external_url":null,"has_map":false,"has_picture":false}],"15":[{"id":28689,"type":"article","type_label":"Articol","type_icon":"📖","type_color":"#d4af37","title_ro":"Ozem","title_en":"Ozem","content_ro":"<h3>OZEM<\/h3>\n<li>1. Sixth son of Jesse and a descendant of Hezron (1 Chr 2:15).<\/li>\n<li>2. Fourth son of Jerahmeel by his first wife (1 Chr 2:25).<\/li>","content_en":"<h3>OZEM<\/h3>\n<li>1. Sixth son of Jesse and a descendant of Hezron (1 Chr 2:15).<\/li>\n<li>2. Fourth son of Jerahmeel by his first wife (1 Chr 2:25).<\/li>","summary_ro":"OZEM 1. Sixth son of Jesse and a descendant of Hezron (1 Chr 2:15). 2. Fourth son of Jerahmeel by his first wife (1 Chr 2:25).","summary_en":"OZEM 1. Sixth son of Jesse and a descendant of Hezron (1 Chr 2:15). 2. Fourth son of Jerahmeel by his first wife (1 Chr 2:25).","source":"Articles\/O.xml","external_url":null,"has_map":false,"has_picture":false}],"16":[{"id":41416,"type":"profile","type_label":"Profil","type_icon":"👤","type_color":"#f59e0b","title_ro":"Abishai","title_en":"Abishai","content_ro":"<h3>Abishai<\/h3>\n<p>Abishai was a powerful and successful warrior and a leader in David’s army. He was David’s nephew, a son of David’s sister Zeruiah and the brother of Joab and Asahel (1 Chr 2:13-16).<\/p>\n<p>Abishai was completely devoted to David and quick to suggest violence against David’s enemies. When God allowed David and Abishai to penetrate Saul’s war camp while the troops were sleeping, Abishai wanted to assassinate Saul, but David restrained him. Later, when the revolt of Absalom required that David leave Jerusalem, the king was cursed by Shimei, a member of Saul’s family, and Abishai wanted to execute Shimei (2 Sam 16:5-9). David twice rejected that proposal (2 Sam 16:10-13; 19:18-23). The vengeful spirit of Abishai and his brothers also came out in an earlier conflict: After Saul’s general, Abner, killed Abishai’s brother Asahel in self-defense, Joab and Abishai took revenge by killing Abner (3:22-30).<\/p>\n<p>Abishai was brave and very capable. He once killed three hundred soldiers in a single battle. For this, he was made leader of the Thirty, a group of especially skillful warriors surpassed only by the Three (1 Chr 11:20-21). Abishai also won a major victory over the Edomites (1 Chr 18:12-13). In a battle with the Philistines, Abishai saved David’s life by killing the giant Ishbi-benob (2 Sam 21:15-17). Abishai also led the army, and when it divided for strategic purposes, Abishai led one group while his brother Joab led the other (10:1-19; 18:1-18). Their military efforts were usually very successful.<\/p>\n<p>Though Joab’s actions eventually led to his death, we nowhere read about the same fate befalling Abishai, who, like Joab, was a violently impulsive military leader.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Passages for Further Study<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>1 Sam 26:6-12; 2 Sam 2:18; 3:30, 39; 10:10-14; 16:9-12; 18:1-8; 19:21-23; 20:6-10; 21:17; 23:18-19; 1 Chr 2:16; 11:20-21; 18:12-13; 19:11-15<\/p>","content_en":"<h3>Abishai<\/h3>\n<p>Abishai was a powerful and successful warrior and a leader in David’s army. He was David’s nephew, a son of David’s sister Zeruiah and the brother of Joab and Asahel (1 Chr 2:13-16).<\/p>\n<p>Abishai was completely devoted to David and quick to suggest violence against David’s enemies. When God allowed David and Abishai to penetrate Saul’s war camp while the troops were sleeping, Abishai wanted to assassinate Saul, but David restrained him. Later, when the revolt of Absalom required that David leave Jerusalem, the king was cursed by Shimei, a member of Saul’s family, and Abishai wanted to execute Shimei (2 Sam 16:5-9). David twice rejected that proposal (2 Sam 16:10-13; 19:18-23). The vengeful spirit of Abishai and his brothers also came out in an earlier conflict: After Saul’s general, Abner, killed Abishai’s brother Asahel in self-defense, Joab and Abishai took revenge by killing Abner (3:22-30).<\/p>\n<p>Abishai was brave and very capable. He once killed three hundred soldiers in a single battle. For this, he was made leader of the Thirty, a group of especially skillful warriors surpassed only by the Three (1 Chr 11:20-21). Abishai also won a major victory over the Edomites (1 Chr 18:12-13). In a battle with the Philistines, Abishai saved David’s life by killing the giant Ishbi-benob (2 Sam 21:15-17). Abishai also led the army, and when it divided for strategic purposes, Abishai led one group while his brother Joab led the other (10:1-19; 18:1-18). Their military efforts were usually very successful.<\/p>\n<p>Though Joab’s actions eventually led to his death, we nowhere read about the same fate befalling Abishai, who, like Joab, was a violently impulsive military leader.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Passages for Further Study<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>1 Sam 26:6-12; 2 Sam 2:18; 3:30, 39; 10:10-14; 16:9-12; 18:1-8; 19:21-23; 20:6-10; 21:17; 23:18-19; 1 Chr 2:16; 11:20-21; 18:12-13; 19:11-15<\/p>","summary_ro":"Abishai Abishai was a powerful and successful warrior and a leader in David’s army. He was David’s nephew, a son of David’s sister Zeruiah and the brother of Joab and Asahel (1 Chr 2:13-16). Abishai was completely devoted to David and quick to suggest violence against David’s enemies. When God allowed David and Abishai to penetrate Saul’s war camp while the troops were sleeping, Abishai wanted to assassinate Saul, but David restrained him. Later, when the revolt of Absalom required that David...","summary_en":"Abishai Abishai was a powerful and successful warrior and a leader in David’s army. He was David’s nephew, a son of David’s sister Zeruiah and the brother of Joab and Asahel (1 Chr 2:13-16). Abishai was completely devoted to David and quick to suggest violence against David’s enemies. When God allowed David and Abishai to penetrate Saul’s war camp while the troops were sleeping, Abishai wanted to assassinate Saul, but David restrained him. Later, when the revolt of Absalom required that David...","source":"Profiles.xml","external_url":null,"has_map":false,"has_picture":false},{"id":41454,"type":"profile","type_label":"Profil","type_icon":"👤","type_color":"#f59e0b","title_ro":"Joab","title_en":"Joab","content_ro":"<h3>Joab<\/h3>\n<p>Joab was David’s nephew, the son of David’s sister Zeruiah (1 Chr 2:13-16); his brothers were Abishai and Asahel. Joab became commander of David’s armies because of his bravery and military skill (2 Sam 2:18; 8:16; 11:1; 1 Chr 18:15). As the first to attack the Jebusite city of Jerusalem, he was awarded the commander’s position (1 Chr 11:4-9). Joab also suppressed a rebellion among the Arameans and Ammonites (2 Sam 10:1-19; 1 Chr 19:8-15) and won many key battles for David against the northern army of Israel under Abner’s impressive command (2 Sam 2:12-32).<\/p>\n<p>Joab often acted to promote what he perceived were David’s interests. For example, he colluded with David in the death of Uriah the Hittite to cover up the king’s adultery with Bathsheba (11:1-27). He persuaded David to allow Absalom’s return to court (14:1-33), and he tried to talk David out of taking a census that provoked God’s anger (24:1-9; 1 Chr 21:1-6).<\/p>\n<p>Though he was very loyal to David, Joab sometimes acted in his own interest, and sometimes he disregarded the king’s orders. When Abner killed Joab’s brother Asahel (2 Sam 2:23), Joab killed Abner in revenge (3:26-30), despite Abner’s new loyalty to David (3:12-19). Later, Joab killed his own cousin Amasa (20:8-10), who commanded Absalom’s army (17:25), after David had appointed Amasa commander in Joab’s place (19:13; 20:4). Joab also killed Absalom against David’s direct order (18:5, 10-17). He then rebuked David for grieving Absalom’s death rather than congratulating the army (19:5-7). Joab was ruthless, and he regained the most powerful position in David’s army (20:23; 24:2; 1 Kgs 1:19).<\/p>\n<p>Joab sealed his fate by supporting Adonijah’s bid for David’s throne (1 Kgs 1:5-7). David’s deathbed instructions to Solomon included having Joab killed because of his murders of Abner and Amasa. When Solomon became king, he sent Benaiah to kill Joab even as Joab clung to the horns of the altar (1 Kgs 2:28-34). Joab met the same fate that he dealt to others throughout his life, and his executioner replaced him as commander of Israel’s army (1 Kgs 2:35).<\/p>\n<p><strong>Passages for Further Study<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>2 Sam 2:13-32; 3:22-39; 8:16; 10:7-14; 11:1-25; 12:26-28; 14:1-33; 17:25; 18:2–19:13; 20:7-23; 24:2-9; 1 Kgs 1:7, 19; 2:28-35; 11:15-16; 1 Chr 2:16; 11:6-8; 18:15; 19:8-15; 20:1; 21:2-6; 26:28; 27:24, 34; Ps 60:1-12<\/p>","content_en":"<h3>Joab<\/h3>\n<p>Joab was David’s nephew, the son of David’s sister Zeruiah (1 Chr 2:13-16); his brothers were Abishai and Asahel. Joab became commander of David’s armies because of his bravery and military skill (2 Sam 2:18; 8:16; 11:1; 1 Chr 18:15). As the first to attack the Jebusite city of Jerusalem, he was awarded the commander’s position (1 Chr 11:4-9). Joab also suppressed a rebellion among the Arameans and Ammonites (2 Sam 10:1-19; 1 Chr 19:8-15) and won many key battles for David against the northern army of Israel under Abner’s impressive command (2 Sam 2:12-32).<\/p>\n<p>Joab often acted to promote what he perceived were David’s interests. For example, he colluded with David in the death of Uriah the Hittite to cover up the king’s adultery with Bathsheba (11:1-27). He persuaded David to allow Absalom’s return to court (14:1-33), and he tried to talk David out of taking a census that provoked God’s anger (24:1-9; 1 Chr 21:1-6).<\/p>\n<p>Though he was very loyal to David, Joab sometimes acted in his own interest, and sometimes he disregarded the king’s orders. When Abner killed Joab’s brother Asahel (2 Sam 2:23), Joab killed Abner in revenge (3:26-30), despite Abner’s new loyalty to David (3:12-19). Later, Joab killed his own cousin Amasa (20:8-10), who commanded Absalom’s army (17:25), after David had appointed Amasa commander in Joab’s place (19:13; 20:4). Joab also killed Absalom against David’s direct order (18:5, 10-17). He then rebuked David for grieving Absalom’s death rather than congratulating the army (19:5-7). Joab was ruthless, and he regained the most powerful position in David’s army (20:23; 24:2; 1 Kgs 1:19).<\/p>\n<p>Joab sealed his fate by supporting Adonijah’s bid for David’s throne (1 Kgs 1:5-7). David’s deathbed instructions to Solomon included having Joab killed because of his murders of Abner and Amasa. When Solomon became king, he sent Benaiah to kill Joab even as Joab clung to the horns of the altar (1 Kgs 2:28-34). Joab met the same fate that he dealt to others throughout his life, and his executioner replaced him as commander of Israel’s army (1 Kgs 2:35).<\/p>\n<p><strong>Passages for Further Study<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>2 Sam 2:13-32; 3:22-39; 8:16; 10:7-14; 11:1-25; 12:26-28; 14:1-33; 17:25; 18:2–19:13; 20:7-23; 24:2-9; 1 Kgs 1:7, 19; 2:28-35; 11:15-16; 1 Chr 2:16; 11:6-8; 18:15; 19:8-15; 20:1; 21:2-6; 26:28; 27:24, 34; Ps 60:1-12<\/p>","summary_ro":"Joab Joab was David’s nephew, the son of David’s sister Zeruiah (1 Chr 2:13-16); his brothers were Abishai and Asahel. Joab became commander of David’s armies because of his bravery and military skill (2 Sam 2:18; 8:16; 11:1; 1 Chr 18:15). As the first to attack the Jebusite city of Jerusalem, he was awarded the commander’s position (1 Chr 11:4-9). Joab also suppressed a rebellion among the Arameans and Ammonites (2 Sam 10:1-19; 1 Chr 19:8-15) and won many key battles for David against the no...","summary_en":"Joab Joab was David’s nephew, the son of David’s sister Zeruiah (1 Chr 2:13-16); his brothers were Abishai and Asahel. Joab became commander of David’s armies because of his bravery and military skill (2 Sam 2:18; 8:16; 11:1; 1 Chr 18:15). As the first to attack the Jebusite city of Jerusalem, he was awarded the commander’s position (1 Chr 11:4-9). Joab also suppressed a rebellion among the Arameans and Ammonites (2 Sam 10:1-19; 1 Chr 19:8-15) and won many key battles for David against the no...","source":"Profiles.xml","external_url":null,"has_map":false,"has_picture":false},{"id":69042,"type":"profile","type_label":"Profil","type_icon":"👤","type_color":"#f59e0b","title_ro":"Abishai","title_en":"Abishai","content_ro":"<h3>Abishai<\/h3>\n<p>Abishai was a powerful and successful warrior and a leader in David’s army. He was David’s nephew, a son of David’s sister Zeruiah and the brother of Joab and Asahel (1 Chr 2:13-16).<\/p>\n<p>Abishai was completely devoted to David and quick to suggest violence against David’s enemies. When God allowed David and Abishai to penetrate Saul’s war camp while the troops were sleeping, Abishai wanted to assassinate Saul, but David restrained him. Later, when the revolt of Absalom required that David leave Jerusalem, the king was cursed by Shimei, a member of Saul’s family, and Abishai wanted to execute Shimei (2 Sam 16:5-9). David twice rejected that proposal (2 Sam 16:10-13; 19:18-23). The vengeful spirit of Abishai and his brothers also came out in an earlier conflict: After Saul’s general, Abner, killed Abishai’s brother Asahel in self-defense, Joab and Abishai took revenge by killing Abner (3:22-30).<\/p>\n<p>Abishai was brave and very capable. He once killed three hundred soldiers in a single battle. For this, he was made leader of the Thirty, a group of especially skillful warriors surpassed only by the Three (1 Chr 11:20-21). Abishai also won a major victory over the Edomites (1 Chr 18:12-13). In a battle with the Philistines, Abishai saved David’s life by killing the giant Ishbi-benob (2 Sam 21:15-17). Abishai also led the army, and when it divided for strategic purposes, Abishai led one group while his brother Joab led the other (10:1-19; 18:1-18). Their military efforts were usually very successful.<\/p>\n<p>Though Joab’s actions eventually led to his death, we nowhere read about the same fate befalling Abishai, who, like Joab, was a violently impulsive military leader.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Passages for Further Study<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>1 Sam 26:6-12; 2 Sam 2:18; 3:30, 39; 10:10-14; 16:9-12; 18:1-8; 19:21-23; 20:6-10; 21:17; 23:18-19; 1 Chr 2:16; 11:20-21; 18:12-13; 19:11-15<\/p>","content_en":"<h3>Abishai<\/h3>\n<p>Abishai was a powerful and successful warrior and a leader in David’s army. He was David’s nephew, a son of David’s sister Zeruiah and the brother of Joab and Asahel (1 Chr 2:13-16).<\/p>\n<p>Abishai was completely devoted to David and quick to suggest violence against David’s enemies. When God allowed David and Abishai to penetrate Saul’s war camp while the troops were sleeping, Abishai wanted to assassinate Saul, but David restrained him. Later, when the revolt of Absalom required that David leave Jerusalem, the king was cursed by Shimei, a member of Saul’s family, and Abishai wanted to execute Shimei (2 Sam 16:5-9). David twice rejected that proposal (2 Sam 16:10-13; 19:18-23). The vengeful spirit of Abishai and his brothers also came out in an earlier conflict: After Saul’s general, Abner, killed Abishai’s brother Asahel in self-defense, Joab and Abishai took revenge by killing Abner (3:22-30).<\/p>\n<p>Abishai was brave and very capable. He once killed three hundred soldiers in a single battle. For this, he was made leader of the Thirty, a group of especially skillful warriors surpassed only by the Three (1 Chr 11:20-21). Abishai also won a major victory over the Edomites (1 Chr 18:12-13). In a battle with the Philistines, Abishai saved David’s life by killing the giant Ishbi-benob (2 Sam 21:15-17). Abishai also led the army, and when it divided for strategic purposes, Abishai led one group while his brother Joab led the other (10:1-19; 18:1-18). Their military efforts were usually very successful.<\/p>\n<p>Though Joab’s actions eventually led to his death, we nowhere read about the same fate befalling Abishai, who, like Joab, was a violently impulsive military leader.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Passages for Further Study<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>1 Sam 26:6-12; 2 Sam 2:18; 3:30, 39; 10:10-14; 16:9-12; 18:1-8; 19:21-23; 20:6-10; 21:17; 23:18-19; 1 Chr 2:16; 11:20-21; 18:12-13; 19:11-15<\/p>","summary_ro":"Abishai Abishai was a powerful and successful warrior and a leader in David’s army. He was David’s nephew, a son of David’s sister Zeruiah and the brother of Joab and Asahel (1 Chr 2:13-16). Abishai was completely devoted to David and quick to suggest violence against David’s enemies. When God allowed David and Abishai to penetrate Saul’s war camp while the troops were sleeping, Abishai wanted to assassinate Saul, but David restrained him. Later, when the revolt of Absalom required that David...","summary_en":"Abishai Abishai was a powerful and successful warrior and a leader in David’s army. He was David’s nephew, a son of David’s sister Zeruiah and the brother of Joab and Asahel (1 Chr 2:13-16). Abishai was completely devoted to David and quick to suggest violence against David’s enemies. When God allowed David and Abishai to penetrate Saul’s war camp while the troops were sleeping, Abishai wanted to assassinate Saul, but David restrained him. Later, when the revolt of Absalom required that David...","source":"Profiles.xml","external_url":null,"has_map":false,"has_picture":false},{"id":69080,"type":"profile","type_label":"Profil","type_icon":"👤","type_color":"#f59e0b","title_ro":"Joab","title_en":"Joab","content_ro":"<h3>Joab<\/h3>\n<p>Joab was David’s nephew, the son of David’s sister Zeruiah (1 Chr 2:13-16); his brothers were Abishai and Asahel. Joab became commander of David’s armies because of his bravery and military skill (2 Sam 2:18; 8:16; 11:1; 1 Chr 18:15). As the first to attack the Jebusite city of Jerusalem, he was awarded the commander’s position (1 Chr 11:4-9). Joab also suppressed a rebellion among the Arameans and Ammonites (2 Sam 10:1-19; 1 Chr 19:8-15) and won many key battles for David against the northern army of Israel under Abner’s impressive command (2 Sam 2:12-32).<\/p>\n<p>Joab often acted to promote what he perceived were David’s interests. For example, he colluded with David in the death of Uriah the Hittite to cover up the king’s adultery with Bathsheba (11:1-27). He persuaded David to allow Absalom’s return to court (14:1-33), and he tried to talk David out of taking a census that provoked God’s anger (24:1-9; 1 Chr 21:1-6).<\/p>\n<p>Though he was very loyal to David, Joab sometimes acted in his own interest, and sometimes he disregarded the king’s orders. When Abner killed Joab’s brother Asahel (2 Sam 2:23), Joab killed Abner in revenge (3:26-30), despite Abner’s new loyalty to David (3:12-19). Later, Joab killed his own cousin Amasa (20:8-10), who commanded Absalom’s army (17:25), after David had appointed Amasa commander in Joab’s place (19:13; 20:4). Joab also killed Absalom against David’s direct order (18:5, 10-17). He then rebuked David for grieving Absalom’s death rather than congratulating the army (19:5-7). Joab was ruthless, and he regained the most powerful position in David’s army (20:23; 24:2; 1 Kgs 1:19).<\/p>\n<p>Joab sealed his fate by supporting Adonijah’s bid for David’s throne (1 Kgs 1:5-7). David’s deathbed instructions to Solomon included having Joab killed because of his murders of Abner and Amasa. When Solomon became king, he sent Benaiah to kill Joab even as Joab clung to the horns of the altar (1 Kgs 2:28-34). Joab met the same fate that he dealt to others throughout his life, and his executioner replaced him as commander of Israel’s army (1 Kgs 2:35).<\/p>\n<p><strong>Passages for Further Study<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>2 Sam 2:13-32; 3:22-39; 8:16; 10:7-14; 11:1-25; 12:26-28; 14:1-33; 17:25; 18:2–19:13; 20:7-23; 24:2-9; 1 Kgs 1:7, 19; 2:28-35; 11:15-16; 1 Chr 2:16; 11:6-8; 18:15; 19:8-15; 20:1; 21:2-6; 26:28; 27:24, 34; Ps 60:1-12<\/p>","content_en":"<h3>Joab<\/h3>\n<p>Joab was David’s nephew, the son of David’s sister Zeruiah (1 Chr 2:13-16); his brothers were Abishai and Asahel. Joab became commander of David’s armies because of his bravery and military skill (2 Sam 2:18; 8:16; 11:1; 1 Chr 18:15). As the first to attack the Jebusite city of Jerusalem, he was awarded the commander’s position (1 Chr 11:4-9). Joab also suppressed a rebellion among the Arameans and Ammonites (2 Sam 10:1-19; 1 Chr 19:8-15) and won many key battles for David against the northern army of Israel under Abner’s impressive command (2 Sam 2:12-32).<\/p>\n<p>Joab often acted to promote what he perceived were David’s interests. For example, he colluded with David in the death of Uriah the Hittite to cover up the king’s adultery with Bathsheba (11:1-27). He persuaded David to allow Absalom’s return to court (14:1-33), and he tried to talk David out of taking a census that provoked God’s anger (24:1-9; 1 Chr 21:1-6).<\/p>\n<p>Though he was very loyal to David, Joab sometimes acted in his own interest, and sometimes he disregarded the king’s orders. When Abner killed Joab’s brother Asahel (2 Sam 2:23), Joab killed Abner in revenge (3:26-30), despite Abner’s new loyalty to David (3:12-19). Later, Joab killed his own cousin Amasa (20:8-10), who commanded Absalom’s army (17:25), after David had appointed Amasa commander in Joab’s place (19:13; 20:4). Joab also killed Absalom against David’s direct order (18:5, 10-17). He then rebuked David for grieving Absalom’s death rather than congratulating the army (19:5-7). Joab was ruthless, and he regained the most powerful position in David’s army (20:23; 24:2; 1 Kgs 1:19).<\/p>\n<p>Joab sealed his fate by supporting Adonijah’s bid for David’s throne (1 Kgs 1:5-7). David’s deathbed instructions to Solomon included having Joab killed because of his murders of Abner and Amasa. When Solomon became king, he sent Benaiah to kill Joab even as Joab clung to the horns of the altar (1 Kgs 2:28-34). Joab met the same fate that he dealt to others throughout his life, and his executioner replaced him as commander of Israel’s army (1 Kgs 2:35).<\/p>\n<p><strong>Passages for Further Study<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>2 Sam 2:13-32; 3:22-39; 8:16; 10:7-14; 11:1-25; 12:26-28; 14:1-33; 17:25; 18:2–19:13; 20:7-23; 24:2-9; 1 Kgs 1:7, 19; 2:28-35; 11:15-16; 1 Chr 2:16; 11:6-8; 18:15; 19:8-15; 20:1; 21:2-6; 26:28; 27:24, 34; Ps 60:1-12<\/p>","summary_ro":"Joab Joab was David’s nephew, the son of David’s sister Zeruiah (1 Chr 2:13-16); his brothers were Abishai and Asahel. Joab became commander of David’s armies because of his bravery and military skill (2 Sam 2:18; 8:16; 11:1; 1 Chr 18:15). As the first to attack the Jebusite city of Jerusalem, he was awarded the commander’s position (1 Chr 11:4-9). Joab also suppressed a rebellion among the Arameans and Ammonites (2 Sam 10:1-19; 1 Chr 19:8-15) and won many key battles for David against the no...","summary_en":"Joab Joab was David’s nephew, the son of David’s sister Zeruiah (1 Chr 2:13-16); his brothers were Abishai and Asahel. Joab became commander of David’s armies because of his bravery and military skill (2 Sam 2:18; 8:16; 11:1; 1 Chr 18:15). As the first to attack the Jebusite city of Jerusalem, he was awarded the commander’s position (1 Chr 11:4-9). Joab also suppressed a rebellion among the Arameans and Ammonites (2 Sam 10:1-19; 1 Chr 19:8-15) and won many key battles for David against the no...","source":"Profiles.xml","external_url":null,"has_map":false,"has_picture":false},{"id":96668,"type":"profile","type_label":"Profil","type_icon":"👤","type_color":"#f59e0b","title_ro":"Abishai","title_en":"Abishai","content_ro":"<h3>Abishai<\/h3>\n<p>Abishai was a powerful and successful warrior and a leader in David’s army. He was David’s nephew, a son of David’s sister Zeruiah and the brother of Joab and Asahel (1 Chr 2:13-16).<\/p>\n<p>Abishai was completely devoted to David and quick to suggest violence against David’s enemies. When God allowed David and Abishai to penetrate Saul’s war camp while the troops were sleeping, Abishai wanted to assassinate Saul, but David restrained him. Later, when the revolt of Absalom required that David leave Jerusalem, the king was cursed by Shimei, a member of Saul’s family, and Abishai wanted to execute Shimei (2 Sam 16:5-9). David twice rejected that proposal (2 Sam 16:10-13; 19:18-23). The vengeful spirit of Abishai and his brothers also came out in an earlier conflict: After Saul’s general, Abner, killed Abishai’s brother Asahel in self-defense, Joab and Abishai took revenge by killing Abner (3:22-30).<\/p>\n<p>Abishai was brave and very capable. He once killed three hundred soldiers in a single battle. For this, he was made leader of the Thirty, a group of especially skillful warriors surpassed only by the Three (1 Chr 11:20-21). Abishai also won a major victory over the Edomites (1 Chr 18:12-13). In a battle with the Philistines, Abishai saved David’s life by killing the giant Ishbi-benob (2 Sam 21:15-17). Abishai also led the army, and when it divided for strategic purposes, Abishai led one group while his brother Joab led the other (10:1-19; 18:1-18). Their military efforts were usually very successful.<\/p>\n<p>Though Joab’s actions eventually led to his death, we nowhere read about the same fate befalling Abishai, who, like Joab, was a violently impulsive military leader.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Passages for Further Study<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>1 Sam 26:6-12; 2 Sam 2:18; 3:30, 39; 10:10-14; 16:9-12; 18:1-8; 19:21-23; 20:6-10; 21:17; 23:18-19; 1 Chr 2:16; 11:20-21; 18:12-13; 19:11-15<\/p>","content_en":"<h3>Abishai<\/h3>\n<p>Abishai was a powerful and successful warrior and a leader in David’s army. He was David’s nephew, a son of David’s sister Zeruiah and the brother of Joab and Asahel (1 Chr 2:13-16).<\/p>\n<p>Abishai was completely devoted to David and quick to suggest violence against David’s enemies. When God allowed David and Abishai to penetrate Saul’s war camp while the troops were sleeping, Abishai wanted to assassinate Saul, but David restrained him. Later, when the revolt of Absalom required that David leave Jerusalem, the king was cursed by Shimei, a member of Saul’s family, and Abishai wanted to execute Shimei (2 Sam 16:5-9). David twice rejected that proposal (2 Sam 16:10-13; 19:18-23). The vengeful spirit of Abishai and his brothers also came out in an earlier conflict: After Saul’s general, Abner, killed Abishai’s brother Asahel in self-defense, Joab and Abishai took revenge by killing Abner (3:22-30).<\/p>\n<p>Abishai was brave and very capable. He once killed three hundred soldiers in a single battle. For this, he was made leader of the Thirty, a group of especially skillful warriors surpassed only by the Three (1 Chr 11:20-21). Abishai also won a major victory over the Edomites (1 Chr 18:12-13). In a battle with the Philistines, Abishai saved David’s life by killing the giant Ishbi-benob (2 Sam 21:15-17). Abishai also led the army, and when it divided for strategic purposes, Abishai led one group while his brother Joab led the other (10:1-19; 18:1-18). Their military efforts were usually very successful.<\/p>\n<p>Though Joab’s actions eventually led to his death, we nowhere read about the same fate befalling Abishai, who, like Joab, was a violently impulsive military leader.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Passages for Further Study<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>1 Sam 26:6-12; 2 Sam 2:18; 3:30, 39; 10:10-14; 16:9-12; 18:1-8; 19:21-23; 20:6-10; 21:17; 23:18-19; 1 Chr 2:16; 11:20-21; 18:12-13; 19:11-15<\/p>","summary_ro":"Abishai Abishai was a powerful and successful warrior and a leader in David’s army. He was David’s nephew, a son of David’s sister Zeruiah and the brother of Joab and Asahel (1 Chr 2:13-16). Abishai was completely devoted to David and quick to suggest violence against David’s enemies. When God allowed David and Abishai to penetrate Saul’s war camp while the troops were sleeping, Abishai wanted to assassinate Saul, but David restrained him. Later, when the revolt of Absalom required that David...","summary_en":"Abishai Abishai was a powerful and successful warrior and a leader in David’s army. He was David’s nephew, a son of David’s sister Zeruiah and the brother of Joab and Asahel (1 Chr 2:13-16). Abishai was completely devoted to David and quick to suggest violence against David’s enemies. When God allowed David and Abishai to penetrate Saul’s war camp while the troops were sleeping, Abishai wanted to assassinate Saul, but David restrained him. Later, when the revolt of Absalom required that David...","source":"Profiles.xml","external_url":null,"has_map":false,"has_picture":false},{"id":96706,"type":"profile","type_label":"Profil","type_icon":"👤","type_color":"#f59e0b","title_ro":"Joab","title_en":"Joab","content_ro":"<h3>Joab<\/h3>\n<p>Joab was David’s nephew, the son of David’s sister Zeruiah (1 Chr 2:13-16); his brothers were Abishai and Asahel. Joab became commander of David’s armies because of his bravery and military skill (2 Sam 2:18; 8:16; 11:1; 1 Chr 18:15). As the first to attack the Jebusite city of Jerusalem, he was awarded the commander’s position (1 Chr 11:4-9). Joab also suppressed a rebellion among the Arameans and Ammonites (2 Sam 10:1-19; 1 Chr 19:8-15) and won many key battles for David against the northern army of Israel under Abner’s impressive command (2 Sam 2:12-32).<\/p>\n<p>Joab often acted to promote what he perceived were David’s interests. For example, he colluded with David in the death of Uriah the Hittite to cover up the king’s adultery with Bathsheba (11:1-27). He persuaded David to allow Absalom’s return to court (14:1-33), and he tried to talk David out of taking a census that provoked God’s anger (24:1-9; 1 Chr 21:1-6).<\/p>\n<p>Though he was very loyal to David, Joab sometimes acted in his own interest, and sometimes he disregarded the king’s orders. When Abner killed Joab’s brother Asahel (2 Sam 2:23), Joab killed Abner in revenge (3:26-30), despite Abner’s new loyalty to David (3:12-19). Later, Joab killed his own cousin Amasa (20:8-10), who commanded Absalom’s army (17:25), after David had appointed Amasa commander in Joab’s place (19:13; 20:4). Joab also killed Absalom against David’s direct order (18:5, 10-17). He then rebuked David for grieving Absalom’s death rather than congratulating the army (19:5-7). Joab was ruthless, and he regained the most powerful position in David’s army (20:23; 24:2; 1 Kgs 1:19).<\/p>\n<p>Joab sealed his fate by supporting Adonijah’s bid for David’s throne (1 Kgs 1:5-7). David’s deathbed instructions to Solomon included having Joab killed because of his murders of Abner and Amasa. When Solomon became king, he sent Benaiah to kill Joab even as Joab clung to the horns of the altar (1 Kgs 2:28-34). Joab met the same fate that he dealt to others throughout his life, and his executioner replaced him as commander of Israel’s army (1 Kgs 2:35).<\/p>\n<p><strong>Passages for Further Study<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>2 Sam 2:13-32; 3:22-39; 8:16; 10:7-14; 11:1-25; 12:26-28; 14:1-33; 17:25; 18:2–19:13; 20:7-23; 24:2-9; 1 Kgs 1:7, 19; 2:28-35; 11:15-16; 1 Chr 2:16; 11:6-8; 18:15; 19:8-15; 20:1; 21:2-6; 26:28; 27:24, 34; Ps 60:1-12<\/p>","content_en":"<h3>Joab<\/h3>\n<p>Joab was David’s nephew, the son of David’s sister Zeruiah (1 Chr 2:13-16); his brothers were Abishai and Asahel. Joab became commander of David’s armies because of his bravery and military skill (2 Sam 2:18; 8:16; 11:1; 1 Chr 18:15). As the first to attack the Jebusite city of Jerusalem, he was awarded the commander’s position (1 Chr 11:4-9). Joab also suppressed a rebellion among the Arameans and Ammonites (2 Sam 10:1-19; 1 Chr 19:8-15) and won many key battles for David against the northern army of Israel under Abner’s impressive command (2 Sam 2:12-32).<\/p>\n<p>Joab often acted to promote what he perceived were David’s interests. For example, he colluded with David in the death of Uriah the Hittite to cover up the king’s adultery with Bathsheba (11:1-27). He persuaded David to allow Absalom’s return to court (14:1-33), and he tried to talk David out of taking a census that provoked God’s anger (24:1-9; 1 Chr 21:1-6).<\/p>\n<p>Though he was very loyal to David, Joab sometimes acted in his own interest, and sometimes he disregarded the king’s orders. When Abner killed Joab’s brother Asahel (2 Sam 2:23), Joab killed Abner in revenge (3:26-30), despite Abner’s new loyalty to David (3:12-19). Later, Joab killed his own cousin Amasa (20:8-10), who commanded Absalom’s army (17:25), after David had appointed Amasa commander in Joab’s place (19:13; 20:4). Joab also killed Absalom against David’s direct order (18:5, 10-17). He then rebuked David for grieving Absalom’s death rather than congratulating the army (19:5-7). Joab was ruthless, and he regained the most powerful position in David’s army (20:23; 24:2; 1 Kgs 1:19).<\/p>\n<p>Joab sealed his fate by supporting Adonijah’s bid for David’s throne (1 Kgs 1:5-7). David’s deathbed instructions to Solomon included having Joab killed because of his murders of Abner and Amasa. When Solomon became king, he sent Benaiah to kill Joab even as Joab clung to the horns of the altar (1 Kgs 2:28-34). Joab met the same fate that he dealt to others throughout his life, and his executioner replaced him as commander of Israel’s army (1 Kgs 2:35).<\/p>\n<p><strong>Passages for Further Study<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>2 Sam 2:13-32; 3:22-39; 8:16; 10:7-14; 11:1-25; 12:26-28; 14:1-33; 17:25; 18:2–19:13; 20:7-23; 24:2-9; 1 Kgs 1:7, 19; 2:28-35; 11:15-16; 1 Chr 2:16; 11:6-8; 18:15; 19:8-15; 20:1; 21:2-6; 26:28; 27:24, 34; Ps 60:1-12<\/p>","summary_ro":"Joab Joab was David’s nephew, the son of David’s sister Zeruiah (1 Chr 2:13-16); his brothers were Abishai and Asahel. Joab became commander of David’s armies because of his bravery and military skill (2 Sam 2:18; 8:16; 11:1; 1 Chr 18:15). As the first to attack the Jebusite city of Jerusalem, he was awarded the commander’s position (1 Chr 11:4-9). Joab also suppressed a rebellion among the Arameans and Ammonites (2 Sam 10:1-19; 1 Chr 19:8-15) and won many key battles for David against the no...","summary_en":"Joab Joab was David’s nephew, the son of David’s sister Zeruiah (1 Chr 2:13-16); his brothers were Abishai and Asahel. Joab became commander of David’s armies because of his bravery and military skill (2 Sam 2:18; 8:16; 11:1; 1 Chr 18:15). As the first to attack the Jebusite city of Jerusalem, he was awarded the commander’s position (1 Chr 11:4-9). Joab also suppressed a rebellion among the Arameans and Ammonites (2 Sam 10:1-19; 1 Chr 19:8-15) and won many key battles for David against the no...","source":"Profiles.xml","external_url":null,"has_map":false,"has_picture":false},{"id":124294,"type":"profile","type_label":"Profil","type_icon":"👤","type_color":"#f59e0b","title_ro":"Abishai","title_en":"Abishai","content_ro":"<h3>Abishai<\/h3>\n<p>Abishai was a powerful and successful warrior and a leader in David’s army. He was David’s nephew, a son of David’s sister Zeruiah and the brother of Joab and Asahel (1 Chr 2:13-16).<\/p>\n<p>Abishai was completely devoted to David and quick to suggest violence against David’s enemies. When God allowed David and Abishai to penetrate Saul’s war camp while the troops were sleeping, Abishai wanted to assassinate Saul, but David restrained him. Later, when the revolt of Absalom required that David leave Jerusalem, the king was cursed by Shimei, a member of Saul’s family, and Abishai wanted to execute Shimei (2 Sam 16:5-9). David twice rejected that proposal (2 Sam 16:10-13; 19:18-23). The vengeful spirit of Abishai and his brothers also came out in an earlier conflict: After Saul’s general, Abner, killed Abishai’s brother Asahel in self-defense, Joab and Abishai took revenge by killing Abner (3:22-30).<\/p>\n<p>Abishai was brave and very capable. He once killed three hundred soldiers in a single battle. For this, he was made leader of the Thirty, a group of especially skillful warriors surpassed only by the Three (1 Chr 11:20-21). Abishai also won a major victory over the Edomites (1 Chr 18:12-13). In a battle with the Philistines, Abishai saved David’s life by killing the giant Ishbi-benob (2 Sam 21:15-17). Abishai also led the army, and when it divided for strategic purposes, Abishai led one group while his brother Joab led the other (10:1-19; 18:1-18). Their military efforts were usually very successful.<\/p>\n<p>Though Joab’s actions eventually led to his death, we nowhere read about the same fate befalling Abishai, who, like Joab, was a violently impulsive military leader.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Passages for Further Study<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>1 Sam 26:6-12; 2 Sam 2:18; 3:30, 39; 10:10-14; 16:9-12; 18:1-8; 19:21-23; 20:6-10; 21:17; 23:18-19; 1 Chr 2:16; 11:20-21; 18:12-13; 19:11-15<\/p>","content_en":"<h3>Abishai<\/h3>\n<p>Abishai was a powerful and successful warrior and a leader in David’s army. He was David’s nephew, a son of David’s sister Zeruiah and the brother of Joab and Asahel (1 Chr 2:13-16).<\/p>\n<p>Abishai was completely devoted to David and quick to suggest violence against David’s enemies. When God allowed David and Abishai to penetrate Saul’s war camp while the troops were sleeping, Abishai wanted to assassinate Saul, but David restrained him. Later, when the revolt of Absalom required that David leave Jerusalem, the king was cursed by Shimei, a member of Saul’s family, and Abishai wanted to execute Shimei (2 Sam 16:5-9). David twice rejected that proposal (2 Sam 16:10-13; 19:18-23). The vengeful spirit of Abishai and his brothers also came out in an earlier conflict: After Saul’s general, Abner, killed Abishai’s brother Asahel in self-defense, Joab and Abishai took revenge by killing Abner (3:22-30).<\/p>\n<p>Abishai was brave and very capable. He once killed three hundred soldiers in a single battle. For this, he was made leader of the Thirty, a group of especially skillful warriors surpassed only by the Three (1 Chr 11:20-21). Abishai also won a major victory over the Edomites (1 Chr 18:12-13). In a battle with the Philistines, Abishai saved David’s life by killing the giant Ishbi-benob (2 Sam 21:15-17). Abishai also led the army, and when it divided for strategic purposes, Abishai led one group while his brother Joab led the other (10:1-19; 18:1-18). Their military efforts were usually very successful.<\/p>\n<p>Though Joab’s actions eventually led to his death, we nowhere read about the same fate befalling Abishai, who, like Joab, was a violently impulsive military leader.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Passages for Further Study<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>1 Sam 26:6-12; 2 Sam 2:18; 3:30, 39; 10:10-14; 16:9-12; 18:1-8; 19:21-23; 20:6-10; 21:17; 23:18-19; 1 Chr 2:16; 11:20-21; 18:12-13; 19:11-15<\/p>","summary_ro":"Abishai Abishai was a powerful and successful warrior and a leader in David’s army. He was David’s nephew, a son of David’s sister Zeruiah and the brother of Joab and Asahel (1 Chr 2:13-16). Abishai was completely devoted to David and quick to suggest violence against David’s enemies. When God allowed David and Abishai to penetrate Saul’s war camp while the troops were sleeping, Abishai wanted to assassinate Saul, but David restrained him. Later, when the revolt of Absalom required that David...","summary_en":"Abishai Abishai was a powerful and successful warrior and a leader in David’s army. He was David’s nephew, a son of David’s sister Zeruiah and the brother of Joab and Asahel (1 Chr 2:13-16). Abishai was completely devoted to David and quick to suggest violence against David’s enemies. When God allowed David and Abishai to penetrate Saul’s war camp while the troops were sleeping, Abishai wanted to assassinate Saul, but David restrained him. Later, when the revolt of Absalom required that David...","source":"Profiles.xml","external_url":null,"has_map":false,"has_picture":false},{"id":124332,"type":"profile","type_label":"Profil","type_icon":"👤","type_color":"#f59e0b","title_ro":"Joab","title_en":"Joab","content_ro":"<h3>Joab<\/h3>\n<p>Joab was David’s nephew, the son of David’s sister Zeruiah (1 Chr 2:13-16); his brothers were Abishai and Asahel. Joab became commander of David’s armies because of his bravery and military skill (2 Sam 2:18; 8:16; 11:1; 1 Chr 18:15). As the first to attack the Jebusite city of Jerusalem, he was awarded the commander’s position (1 Chr 11:4-9). Joab also suppressed a rebellion among the Arameans and Ammonites (2 Sam 10:1-19; 1 Chr 19:8-15) and won many key battles for David against the northern army of Israel under Abner’s impressive command (2 Sam 2:12-32).<\/p>\n<p>Joab often acted to promote what he perceived were David’s interests. For example, he colluded with David in the death of Uriah the Hittite to cover up the king’s adultery with Bathsheba (11:1-27). He persuaded David to allow Absalom’s return to court (14:1-33), and he tried to talk David out of taking a census that provoked God’s anger (24:1-9; 1 Chr 21:1-6).<\/p>\n<p>Though he was very loyal to David, Joab sometimes acted in his own interest, and sometimes he disregarded the king’s orders. When Abner killed Joab’s brother Asahel (2 Sam 2:23), Joab killed Abner in revenge (3:26-30), despite Abner’s new loyalty to David (3:12-19). Later, Joab killed his own cousin Amasa (20:8-10), who commanded Absalom’s army (17:25), after David had appointed Amasa commander in Joab’s place (19:13; 20:4). Joab also killed Absalom against David’s direct order (18:5, 10-17). He then rebuked David for grieving Absalom’s death rather than congratulating the army (19:5-7). Joab was ruthless, and he regained the most powerful position in David’s army (20:23; 24:2; 1 Kgs 1:19).<\/p>\n<p>Joab sealed his fate by supporting Adonijah’s bid for David’s throne (1 Kgs 1:5-7). David’s deathbed instructions to Solomon included having Joab killed because of his murders of Abner and Amasa. When Solomon became king, he sent Benaiah to kill Joab even as Joab clung to the horns of the altar (1 Kgs 2:28-34). Joab met the same fate that he dealt to others throughout his life, and his executioner replaced him as commander of Israel’s army (1 Kgs 2:35).<\/p>\n<p><strong>Passages for Further Study<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>2 Sam 2:13-32; 3:22-39; 8:16; 10:7-14; 11:1-25; 12:26-28; 14:1-33; 17:25; 18:2–19:13; 20:7-23; 24:2-9; 1 Kgs 1:7, 19; 2:28-35; 11:15-16; 1 Chr 2:16; 11:6-8; 18:15; 19:8-15; 20:1; 21:2-6; 26:28; 27:24, 34; Ps 60:1-12<\/p>","content_en":"<h3>Joab<\/h3>\n<p>Joab was David’s nephew, the son of David’s sister Zeruiah (1 Chr 2:13-16); his brothers were Abishai and Asahel. Joab became commander of David’s armies because of his bravery and military skill (2 Sam 2:18; 8:16; 11:1; 1 Chr 18:15). As the first to attack the Jebusite city of Jerusalem, he was awarded the commander’s position (1 Chr 11:4-9). Joab also suppressed a rebellion among the Arameans and Ammonites (2 Sam 10:1-19; 1 Chr 19:8-15) and won many key battles for David against the northern army of Israel under Abner’s impressive command (2 Sam 2:12-32).<\/p>\n<p>Joab often acted to promote what he perceived were David’s interests. For example, he colluded with David in the death of Uriah the Hittite to cover up the king’s adultery with Bathsheba (11:1-27). He persuaded David to allow Absalom’s return to court (14:1-33), and he tried to talk David out of taking a census that provoked God’s anger (24:1-9; 1 Chr 21:1-6).<\/p>\n<p>Though he was very loyal to David, Joab sometimes acted in his own interest, and sometimes he disregarded the king’s orders. When Abner killed Joab’s brother Asahel (2 Sam 2:23), Joab killed Abner in revenge (3:26-30), despite Abner’s new loyalty to David (3:12-19). Later, Joab killed his own cousin Amasa (20:8-10), who commanded Absalom’s army (17:25), after David had appointed Amasa commander in Joab’s place (19:13; 20:4). Joab also killed Absalom against David’s direct order (18:5, 10-17). He then rebuked David for grieving Absalom’s death rather than congratulating the army (19:5-7). Joab was ruthless, and he regained the most powerful position in David’s army (20:23; 24:2; 1 Kgs 1:19).<\/p>\n<p>Joab sealed his fate by supporting Adonijah’s bid for David’s throne (1 Kgs 1:5-7). David’s deathbed instructions to Solomon included having Joab killed because of his murders of Abner and Amasa. When Solomon became king, he sent Benaiah to kill Joab even as Joab clung to the horns of the altar (1 Kgs 2:28-34). Joab met the same fate that he dealt to others throughout his life, and his executioner replaced him as commander of Israel’s army (1 Kgs 2:35).<\/p>\n<p><strong>Passages for Further Study<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>2 Sam 2:13-32; 3:22-39; 8:16; 10:7-14; 11:1-25; 12:26-28; 14:1-33; 17:25; 18:2–19:13; 20:7-23; 24:2-9; 1 Kgs 1:7, 19; 2:28-35; 11:15-16; 1 Chr 2:16; 11:6-8; 18:15; 19:8-15; 20:1; 21:2-6; 26:28; 27:24, 34; Ps 60:1-12<\/p>","summary_ro":"Joab Joab was David’s nephew, the son of David’s sister Zeruiah (1 Chr 2:13-16); his brothers were Abishai and Asahel. Joab became commander of David’s armies because of his bravery and military skill (2 Sam 2:18; 8:16; 11:1; 1 Chr 18:15). As the first to attack the Jebusite city of Jerusalem, he was awarded the commander’s position (1 Chr 11:4-9). Joab also suppressed a rebellion among the Arameans and Ammonites (2 Sam 10:1-19; 1 Chr 19:8-15) and won many key battles for David against the no...","summary_en":"Joab Joab was David’s nephew, the son of David’s sister Zeruiah (1 Chr 2:13-16); his brothers were Abishai and Asahel. Joab became commander of David’s armies because of his bravery and military skill (2 Sam 2:18; 8:16; 11:1; 1 Chr 18:15). As the first to attack the Jebusite city of Jerusalem, he was awarded the commander’s position (1 Chr 11:4-9). Joab also suppressed a rebellion among the Arameans and Ammonites (2 Sam 10:1-19; 1 Chr 19:8-15) and won many key battles for David against the no...","source":"Profiles.xml","external_url":null,"has_map":false,"has_picture":false},{"id":157,"type":"article","type_label":"Articol","type_icon":"📖","type_color":"#d4af37","title_ro":"Abigail","title_en":"Abigail","content_ro":"<h3>ABIGAIL<\/h3>\n<li>1. Nabal’s wife, who later became the wife of David (1 Sm 25:2-42). Nabal was a wealthy sheep owner whose holdings had been protected by David’s men. When David requested provisions in return for that protection, Nabal refused. Enraged, David set out with 400 armed men to destroy Nabal and his house. Abigail had been informed of her husband’s behavior and met David with many provisions, taking the blame for her foolish husband. David thanked God for using Abigail to restrain his anger.<\/li>\n<p>When Nabal woke from a drunken stupor the next morning and learned what had happened, he had a stroke from which he died 10 days later. Abigail then married David and shared his adventurous life among the Philistines (1 Sm 27:3). She was captured by the Amalekites and rescued by David (1 Sm 30:1-19). Abigail went with David to Hebron when he became king of Judah (2 Sm 2:2), and she bore his second son, Chileab (2 Sm 3:3), also called Daniel (1 Chr 3:1).<\/p>\n<li>2. David’s sister, who married Jether and gave birth to Amasa (1 Chr 2:16-17). There appears to be confusion as to the ancestry of this Abigail. In 1 Chronicles 2:13-17 she is listed as a daughter of Jesse. However, in 2 Samuel 17:25, her father is identified as Nahash. The discrepancy could be due to scribal error, or Nahash may be another name for Jesse, or the widow of Nahash could have married Jesse.<\/li>","content_en":"<h3>ABIGAIL<\/h3>\n<li>1. Nabal’s wife, who later became the wife of David (1 Sm 25:2-42). Nabal was a wealthy sheep owner whose holdings had been protected by David’s men. When David requested provisions in return for that protection, Nabal refused. Enraged, David set out with 400 armed men to destroy Nabal and his house. Abigail had been informed of her husband’s behavior and met David with many provisions, taking the blame for her foolish husband. David thanked God for using Abigail to restrain his anger.<\/li>\n<p>When Nabal woke from a drunken stupor the next morning and learned what had happened, he had a stroke from which he died 10 days later. Abigail then married David and shared his adventurous life among the Philistines (1 Sm 27:3). She was captured by the Amalekites and rescued by David (1 Sm 30:1-19). Abigail went with David to Hebron when he became king of Judah (2 Sm 2:2), and she bore his second son, Chileab (2 Sm 3:3), also called Daniel (1 Chr 3:1).<\/p>\n<li>2. David’s sister, who married Jether and gave birth to Amasa (1 Chr 2:16-17). There appears to be confusion as to the ancestry of this Abigail. In 1 Chronicles 2:13-17 she is listed as a daughter of Jesse. However, in 2 Samuel 17:25, her father is identified as Nahash. The discrepancy could be due to scribal error, or Nahash may be another name for Jesse, or the widow of Nahash could have married Jesse.<\/li>","summary_ro":"ABIGAIL 1. Nabal’s wife, who later became the wife of David (1 Sm 25:2-42). Nabal was a wealthy sheep owner whose holdings had been protected by David’s men. When David requested provisions in return for that protection, Nabal refused. Enraged, David set out with 400 armed men to destroy Nabal and his house. Abigail had been informed of her husband’s behavior and met David with many provisions, taking the blame for her foolish husband. David thanked God for using Abigail to restrain his anger...","summary_en":"ABIGAIL 1. Nabal’s wife, who later became the wife of David (1 Sm 25:2-42). Nabal was a wealthy sheep owner whose holdings had been protected by David’s men. When David requested provisions in return for that protection, Nabal refused. Enraged, David set out with 400 armed men to destroy Nabal and his house. Abigail had been informed of her husband’s behavior and met David with many provisions, taking the blame for her foolish husband. David thanked God for using Abigail to restrain his anger...","source":"Articles\/A.xml","external_url":null,"has_map":false,"has_picture":false},{"id":229,"type":"article","type_label":"Articol","type_icon":"📖","type_color":"#d4af37","title_ro":"Abishai","title_en":"Abishai","content_ro":"<h3>ABISHAI<\/h3>\n<p>David’s nephew, son of Zeruiah (by an unnamed father) and brother of Joab and Asahel (1 Chr 2:16). Abishai volunteered to accompany David to Saul’s camp one night and would have killed the sleeping Saul if David had not restrained him (1 Sm 26:6-12). He also helped Joab kill Abner, Saul’s general, in revenge for the death of another brother (2 Sm 3:30). Later Abishai won a victory over the Edomites (1 Chr 18:12-13) and was second in command in a decisive battle against the Ammonites (1 Chr 19:10-15). Often vengeful and cruel, Abishai wanted to behead the spiteful Shimei during Absalom’s rebellion, but again David intervened (2 Sm 16:5-12; 19:21-23). When King David fled beyond the Jordan, Abishai was given command of one of David’s three divisions that crushed the rebellion (2 Sm 18:1-15).<\/p>\n<p>In a later battle with the Philistines, Abishai saved David’s life by killing the giant Ishbi-benob (2 Sm 21:15-17). He ranked among David’s bravest warriors (2 Sm 23:18-19; 1 Chr 11:20-21).<\/p>","content_en":"<h3>ABISHAI<\/h3>\n<p>David’s nephew, son of Zeruiah (by an unnamed father) and brother of Joab and Asahel (1 Chr 2:16). Abishai volunteered to accompany David to Saul’s camp one night and would have killed the sleeping Saul if David had not restrained him (1 Sm 26:6-12). He also helped Joab kill Abner, Saul’s general, in revenge for the death of another brother (2 Sm 3:30). Later Abishai won a victory over the Edomites (1 Chr 18:12-13) and was second in command in a decisive battle against the Ammonites (1 Chr 19:10-15). Often vengeful and cruel, Abishai wanted to behead the spiteful Shimei during Absalom’s rebellion, but again David intervened (2 Sm 16:5-12; 19:21-23). When King David fled beyond the Jordan, Abishai was given command of one of David’s three divisions that crushed the rebellion (2 Sm 18:1-15).<\/p>\n<p>In a later battle with the Philistines, Abishai saved David’s life by killing the giant Ishbi-benob (2 Sm 21:15-17). He ranked among David’s bravest warriors (2 Sm 23:18-19; 1 Chr 11:20-21).<\/p>","summary_ro":"ABISHAI David’s nephew, son of Zeruiah (by an unnamed father) and brother of Joab and Asahel (1 Chr 2:16). Abishai volunteered to accompany David to Saul’s camp one night and would have killed the sleeping Saul if David had not restrained him (1 Sm 26:6-12). He also helped Joab kill Abner, Saul’s general, in revenge for the death of another brother (2 Sm 3:30). Later Abishai won a victory over the Edomites (1 Chr 18:12-13) and was second in command in a decisive battle against the Ammonites (...","summary_en":"ABISHAI David’s nephew, son of Zeruiah (by an unnamed father) and brother of Joab and Asahel (1 Chr 2:16). Abishai volunteered to accompany David to Saul’s camp one night and would have killed the sleeping Saul if David had not restrained him (1 Sm 26:6-12). He also helped Joab kill Abner, Saul’s general, in revenge for the death of another brother (2 Sm 3:30). Later Abishai won a victory over the Edomites (1 Chr 18:12-13) and was second in command in a decisive battle against the Ammonites (...","source":"Articles\/A.xml","external_url":null,"has_map":false,"has_picture":false},{"id":2823,"type":"article","type_label":"Articol","type_icon":"📖","type_color":"#d4af37","title_ro":"Asahel","title_en":"Asahel","content_ro":"<h3>ASAHEL<\/h3>\n<li>1. Warrior among David’s mighty men known as “the thirty” (2 Sm 23:24; 1 Chr 11:26). Asahel was the son of David’s half sister Zeruiah and the brother of Joab and Abishai (2 Sm 2:18; 1 Chr 2:16). In the battle of Gibeon, David’s general Joab engaged the forces of Abner, leader of Ishbosheth’s army. Asahel, who “could run like a deer,” pursued Abner, but in the ensuing encounter Abner killed Asahel (2 Sm 2:18-23, 32).<\/li>\n<li>2. One of the Levites sent out by King Jehoshaphat of Judah to teach the people the law of the Lord (2 Chr 17:8).<\/li>\n<li>3. Temple aide appointed by King Hezekiah to take care of the tithed offerings given to support the Levites (2 Chr 31:13).<\/li>\n<li>4. Father of Jonathan. Jonathan (not to be confused with Saul’s son) opposed the appointment of a commission to take action concerning the foreign (pagan) wives of some of the Jews after the Babylonian exile (Ezr 10:15).<\/li>","content_en":"<h3>ASAHEL<\/h3>\n<li>1. Warrior among David’s mighty men known as “the thirty” (2 Sm 23:24; 1 Chr 11:26). Asahel was the son of David’s half sister Zeruiah and the brother of Joab and Abishai (2 Sm 2:18; 1 Chr 2:16). In the battle of Gibeon, David’s general Joab engaged the forces of Abner, leader of Ishbosheth’s army. Asahel, who “could run like a deer,” pursued Abner, but in the ensuing encounter Abner killed Asahel (2 Sm 2:18-23, 32).<\/li>\n<li>2. One of the Levites sent out by King Jehoshaphat of Judah to teach the people the law of the Lord (2 Chr 17:8).<\/li>\n<li>3. Temple aide appointed by King Hezekiah to take care of the tithed offerings given to support the Levites (2 Chr 31:13).<\/li>\n<li>4. Father of Jonathan. Jonathan (not to be confused with Saul’s son) opposed the appointment of a commission to take action concerning the foreign (pagan) wives of some of the Jews after the Babylonian exile (Ezr 10:15).<\/li>","summary_ro":"ASAHEL 1. Warrior among David’s mighty men known as “the thirty” (2 Sm 23:24; 1 Chr 11:26). Asahel was the son of David’s half sister Zeruiah and the brother of Joab and Abishai (2 Sm 2:18; 1 Chr 2:16). In the battle of Gibeon, David’s general Joab engaged the forces of Abner, leader of Ishbosheth’s army. Asahel, who “could run like a deer,” pursued Abner, but in the ensuing encounter Abner killed Asahel (2 Sm 2:18-23, 32). 2. One of the Levites sent out by King Jehoshaphat of Judah to teach ...","summary_en":"ASAHEL 1. Warrior among David’s mighty men known as “the thirty” (2 Sm 23:24; 1 Chr 11:26). Asahel was the son of David’s half sister Zeruiah and the brother of Joab and Abishai (2 Sm 2:18; 1 Chr 2:16). In the battle of Gibeon, David’s general Joab engaged the forces of Abner, leader of Ishbosheth’s army. Asahel, who “could run like a deer,” pursued Abner, but in the ensuing encounter Abner killed Asahel (2 Sm 2:18-23, 32). 2. One of the Levites sent out by King Jehoshaphat of Judah to teach ...","source":"Articles\/A.xml","external_url":null,"has_map":false,"has_picture":false},{"id":19881,"type":"article","type_label":"Articol","type_icon":"📖","type_color":"#d4af37","title_ro":"Joab","title_en":"Joab","content_ro":"<h3>JOAB<\/h3>\n<li>1. Son of Zeruiah, the half sister of David (1 Chr 2:16), who, along with his brothers Abishai and Asahel, was well known for his military valor in Judah (2 Sm 2:18; cf. 1 Sm 26:6). According to 2 Samuel, Joab rose to prominence and distinguished himself at the battle of Gibeon when Saul’s troops under Abner were vanquished (2 Sm 2:8-32). Because Abner had slain Joab’s brother Asahel (v 23), Joab later killed Abner in revenge (3:26-30), despite Abner’s new loyalty to David (vv 12-19). Possibly Joab sensed that Abner would be his rival. Nevertheless, David praised the slain commander as a prince and a great man (vv 31-39) and set a curse on the house of Joab for his insubordination (vv 26-29, 39). This incident illumines Joab’s sometimes unscrupulous and ruthless behavior.<\/li>\n<p>Joab spearheaded David’s siege of the Jebusite city of Jerusalem, and when David consolidated his reign there, Joab became the commander of the king’s army (2 Sm 8:16; 11:1; cf. 1 Chr 11:6-8; 18:15). He suppressed a rebellion among the Syrians and Ammonites (2 Sm 10:7-14; 1 Chr 19:8-15). At Rabbah he not only conquered the city (2 Sm 11–12) but arranged for the death of Uriah the Hittite so that David could take Uriah’s wife, Bathsheba.<\/p>\n<p>Joab’s loyalties to David and shrewd control of the army are seen during Absalom’s rebellion (2 Sm 15). Joab suppressed the conspiracy (ch 18), but ignoring a direct order from David not to kill his son (18:5), brutally killed him anyway (vv 10-17). When David mourned, Joab rebuked the king, urging that a crisis with the army was imminent (19:5-7). This insubordination led David to replace Joab with Amasa as commander (v 13), but later, at Gibeon, Joab also killed him dishonorably (20:8-10). Joab’s influence in the army must have been great, since he regained his former role as military commander (2 Sm 20:23, 24:2; 1 Kgs 1:19).<\/p>\n<p>At the end of David’s reign, Joab supported the conspiracy of Adonijah and Abiathar against the throne (1 Kgs 1:7). David’s distrust of him led the king to warn Solomon specifically about Joab’s repeated treacheries (2:5-9). Solomon had to resolve the problem of an untrustworthy army. Therefore, upon his father’s death, Solomon pursued the conspirators Adonijah (v 23), Abiathar (v 26), and Joab (v 28). Solomon’s officer Benaiah found Joab at the altar seeking refuge and killed him there (vv 28-35), thus cleansing Solomon’s reign from the wrongdoing of Joab.<\/p>\n<li>2. KJV translation (“Ataroth, the house of Joab”) of Atroth-beth-joab in 1 Chronicles 2:54. <em>See<\/em> Atroth-beth-joab.<\/li>\n<li>3. Judahite, Seraiah’s son from the house of Kenaz and forefather of the residents of the valley of craftsmen (1 Chr 4:14).<\/li>\n<li>4. Forefather of a clan of Jews who returned to Palestine with Zerubbabel following the exile (Ezr 2:6; Neh 7:11).<\/li>\n<li>5. Forefather of a family of which 219 members returned with Ezra to Palestine following the exile (Ezr 8:9). He is perhaps identifiable with #4 above.<\/li>","content_en":"<h3>JOAB<\/h3>\n<li>1. Son of Zeruiah, the half sister of David (1 Chr 2:16), who, along with his brothers Abishai and Asahel, was well known for his military valor in Judah (2 Sm 2:18; cf. 1 Sm 26:6). According to 2 Samuel, Joab rose to prominence and distinguished himself at the battle of Gibeon when Saul’s troops under Abner were vanquished (2 Sm 2:8-32). Because Abner had slain Joab’s brother Asahel (v 23), Joab later killed Abner in revenge (3:26-30), despite Abner’s new loyalty to David (vv 12-19). Possibly Joab sensed that Abner would be his rival. Nevertheless, David praised the slain commander as a prince and a great man (vv 31-39) and set a curse on the house of Joab for his insubordination (vv 26-29, 39). This incident illumines Joab’s sometimes unscrupulous and ruthless behavior.<\/li>\n<p>Joab spearheaded David’s siege of the Jebusite city of Jerusalem, and when David consolidated his reign there, Joab became the commander of the king’s army (2 Sm 8:16; 11:1; cf. 1 Chr 11:6-8; 18:15). He suppressed a rebellion among the Syrians and Ammonites (2 Sm 10:7-14; 1 Chr 19:8-15). At Rabbah he not only conquered the city (2 Sm 11–12) but arranged for the death of Uriah the Hittite so that David could take Uriah’s wife, Bathsheba.<\/p>\n<p>Joab’s loyalties to David and shrewd control of the army are seen during Absalom’s rebellion (2 Sm 15). Joab suppressed the conspiracy (ch 18), but ignoring a direct order from David not to kill his son (18:5), brutally killed him anyway (vv 10-17). When David mourned, Joab rebuked the king, urging that a crisis with the army was imminent (19:5-7). This insubordination led David to replace Joab with Amasa as commander (v 13), but later, at Gibeon, Joab also killed him dishonorably (20:8-10). Joab’s influence in the army must have been great, since he regained his former role as military commander (2 Sm 20:23, 24:2; 1 Kgs 1:19).<\/p>\n<p>At the end of David’s reign, Joab supported the conspiracy of Adonijah and Abiathar against the throne (1 Kgs 1:7). David’s distrust of him led the king to warn Solomon specifically about Joab’s repeated treacheries (2:5-9). Solomon had to resolve the problem of an untrustworthy army. Therefore, upon his father’s death, Solomon pursued the conspirators Adonijah (v 23), Abiathar (v 26), and Joab (v 28). Solomon’s officer Benaiah found Joab at the altar seeking refuge and killed him there (vv 28-35), thus cleansing Solomon’s reign from the wrongdoing of Joab.<\/p>\n<li>2. KJV translation (“Ataroth, the house of Joab”) of Atroth-beth-joab in 1 Chronicles 2:54. <em>See<\/em> Atroth-beth-joab.<\/li>\n<li>3. Judahite, Seraiah’s son from the house of Kenaz and forefather of the residents of the valley of craftsmen (1 Chr 4:14).<\/li>\n<li>4. Forefather of a clan of Jews who returned to Palestine with Zerubbabel following the exile (Ezr 2:6; Neh 7:11).<\/li>\n<li>5. Forefather of a family of which 219 members returned with Ezra to Palestine following the exile (Ezr 8:9). He is perhaps identifiable with #4 above.<\/li>","summary_ro":"JOAB 1. Son of Zeruiah, the half sister of David (1 Chr 2:16), who, along with his brothers Abishai and Asahel, was well known for his military valor in Judah (2 Sm 2:18; cf. 1 Sm 26:6). According to 2 Samuel, Joab rose to prominence and distinguished himself at the battle of Gibeon when Saul’s troops under Abner were vanquished (2 Sm 2:8-32). Because Abner had slain Joab’s brother Asahel (v 23), Joab later killed Abner in revenge (3:26-30), despite Abner’s new loyalty to David (vv 12-19). Po...","summary_en":"JOAB 1. Son of Zeruiah, the half sister of David (1 Chr 2:16), who, along with his brothers Abishai and Asahel, was well known for his military valor in Judah (2 Sm 2:18; cf. 1 Sm 26:6). According to 2 Samuel, Joab rose to prominence and distinguished himself at the battle of Gibeon when Saul’s troops under Abner were vanquished (2 Sm 2:8-32). Because Abner had slain Joab’s brother Asahel (v 23), Joab later killed Abner in revenge (3:26-30), despite Abner’s new loyalty to David (vv 12-19). Po...","source":"Articles\/J.xml","external_url":null,"has_map":false,"has_picture":false},{"id":26846,"type":"article","type_label":"Articol","type_icon":"📖","type_color":"#d4af37","title_ro":"Nahash","title_en":"Nahash","content_ro":"<h3>NAHASH<\/h3>\n<li>1. King of the Ammonites who laid siege to Jabesh-gilead during the days of Saul. The men of the city, offering themselves in servitude, petitioned Nahash to make a treaty with them; he agreed to do so on the condition that he gouge out each one’s right eye to shame all of Israel. Given a week’s reprieve from his threat, the men of Jabesh organized a secret war plan with Saul and Israel, resulting in the destruction of Nahash’s Ammonite army (1 Sm 11:1-2; 12:12). He later honored a reconciliation with David, which his son Hanun, on bad counsel, disregarded (2 Sm 10:2; 1 Chr 19:1-2).<\/li>\n<li>2. Father of Abigail and Zeruiah (2 Sm 17:25). In 1 Chronicles 2:16, Abigail and Zeruiah are listed as the daughters of Jesse and the sisters of David and his brothers. Various theories have been offered to resolve this difference. The most feasible suggests that Nahash’s wife bore him Abigail and Zeruiah; after his death, his widow married Jesse and subsequently bore David.<\/li>\n<li>3. Father of Shobi from Rabbah, the chief Ammonite city east of the Jordan. Shobi, along with Makir and Barzillai, took care of David’s domestic needs during his flight from Absalom (2 Sm 17:27). He is perhaps identifiable with #1 above.<\/li>","content_en":"<h3>NAHASH<\/h3>\n<li>1. King of the Ammonites who laid siege to Jabesh-gilead during the days of Saul. The men of the city, offering themselves in servitude, petitioned Nahash to make a treaty with them; he agreed to do so on the condition that he gouge out each one’s right eye to shame all of Israel. Given a week’s reprieve from his threat, the men of Jabesh organized a secret war plan with Saul and Israel, resulting in the destruction of Nahash’s Ammonite army (1 Sm 11:1-2; 12:12). He later honored a reconciliation with David, which his son Hanun, on bad counsel, disregarded (2 Sm 10:2; 1 Chr 19:1-2).<\/li>\n<li>2. Father of Abigail and Zeruiah (2 Sm 17:25). In 1 Chronicles 2:16, Abigail and Zeruiah are listed as the daughters of Jesse and the sisters of David and his brothers. Various theories have been offered to resolve this difference. The most feasible suggests that Nahash’s wife bore him Abigail and Zeruiah; after his death, his widow married Jesse and subsequently bore David.<\/li>\n<li>3. Father of Shobi from Rabbah, the chief Ammonite city east of the Jordan. Shobi, along with Makir and Barzillai, took care of David’s domestic needs during his flight from Absalom (2 Sm 17:27). He is perhaps identifiable with #1 above.<\/li>","summary_ro":"NAHASH 1. King of the Ammonites who laid siege to Jabesh-gilead during the days of Saul. The men of the city, offering themselves in servitude, petitioned Nahash to make a treaty with them; he agreed to do so on the condition that he gouge out each one’s right eye to shame all of Israel. Given a week’s reprieve from his threat, the men of Jabesh organized a secret war plan with Saul and Israel, resulting in the destruction of Nahash’s Ammonite army (1 Sm 11:1-2; 12:12). He later honored a rec...","summary_en":"NAHASH 1. King of the Ammonites who laid siege to Jabesh-gilead during the days of Saul. The men of the city, offering themselves in servitude, petitioned Nahash to make a treaty with them; he agreed to do so on the condition that he gouge out each one’s right eye to shame all of Israel. Given a week’s reprieve from his threat, the men of Jabesh organized a secret war plan with Saul and Israel, resulting in the destruction of Nahash’s Ammonite army (1 Sm 11:1-2; 12:12). He later honored a rec...","source":"Articles\/N.xml","external_url":null,"has_map":false,"has_picture":false}],"17":[{"id":1241,"type":"article","type_label":"Articol","type_icon":"📖","type_color":"#d4af37","title_ro":"Amasa","title_en":"Amasa","content_ro":"<h3>AMASA<\/h3>\n<li>1. Son of Ithra (Jether) and David’s sister Abigail (2 Sm 17:25; 1 Chr 2:17), and therefore David’s nephew. Amasa was a captain who supported Absalom in his rebellion against his father, David. After Absalom was killed by David’s general Joab, David pardoned Amasa and replaced Joab with him (2 Sm 19:13). Greatly offended, Joab awaited his revenge and, as soon as he had opportunity, treacherously assassinated his unsuspecting rival (2 Sm 20:4-13). David was unable to punish Joab but instructed his son Solomon to see that Joab was executed for murdering Amasa and another of David’s generals (1 Kgs 2:5-6, 28-34).<\/li>\n<li>2. Hadlai’s son from Ephraim’s tribe. Amasa supported the prophet Oded’s opposition to making slaves of women and children captured from the southern kingdom of Judah in the time of King Ahaz (2 Chr 28:8-13).<\/li>","content_en":"<h3>AMASA<\/h3>\n<li>1. Son of Ithra (Jether) and David’s sister Abigail (2 Sm 17:25; 1 Chr 2:17), and therefore David’s nephew. Amasa was a captain who supported Absalom in his rebellion against his father, David. After Absalom was killed by David’s general Joab, David pardoned Amasa and replaced Joab with him (2 Sm 19:13). Greatly offended, Joab awaited his revenge and, as soon as he had opportunity, treacherously assassinated his unsuspecting rival (2 Sm 20:4-13). David was unable to punish Joab but instructed his son Solomon to see that Joab was executed for murdering Amasa and another of David’s generals (1 Kgs 2:5-6, 28-34).<\/li>\n<li>2. Hadlai’s son from Ephraim’s tribe. Amasa supported the prophet Oded’s opposition to making slaves of women and children captured from the southern kingdom of Judah in the time of King Ahaz (2 Chr 28:8-13).<\/li>","summary_ro":"AMASA 1. Son of Ithra (Jether) and David’s sister Abigail (2 Sm 17:25; 1 Chr 2:17), and therefore David’s nephew. Amasa was a captain who supported Absalom in his rebellion against his father, David. After Absalom was killed by David’s general Joab, David pardoned Amasa and replaced Joab with him (2 Sm 19:13). Greatly offended, Joab awaited his revenge and, as soon as he had opportunity, treacherously assassinated his unsuspecting rival (2 Sm 20:4-13). David was unable to punish Joab but inst...","summary_en":"AMASA 1. Son of Ithra (Jether) and David’s sister Abigail (2 Sm 17:25; 1 Chr 2:17), and therefore David’s nephew. Amasa was a captain who supported Absalom in his rebellion against his father, David. After Absalom was killed by David’s general Joab, David pardoned Amasa and replaced Joab with him (2 Sm 19:13). Greatly offended, Joab awaited his revenge and, as soon as he had opportunity, treacherously assassinated his unsuspecting rival (2 Sm 20:4-13). David was unable to punish Joab but inst...","source":"Articles\/A.xml","external_url":null,"has_map":false,"has_picture":false},{"id":18095,"type":"article","type_label":"Articol","type_icon":"📖","type_color":"#d4af37","title_ro":"Ithra*","title_en":"Ithra*","content_ro":"<h3>ITHRA*<\/h3>\n<p>Father of Amasa by Abigail, Zeruiah’s sister (2 Sm 17:25, <span>nlt<\/span> mg). He is called Jether in 1 Kings 2:5, 32 and 1 Chronicles 2:17.<\/p>","content_en":"<h3>ITHRA*<\/h3>\n<p>Father of Amasa by Abigail, Zeruiah’s sister (2 Sm 17:25, <span>nlt<\/span> mg). He is called Jether in 1 Kings 2:5, 32 and 1 Chronicles 2:17.<\/p>","summary_ro":"ITHRA* Father of Amasa by Abigail, Zeruiah’s sister (2 Sm 17:25, nlt mg). He is called Jether in 1 Kings 2:5, 32 and 1 Chronicles 2:17.","summary_en":"ITHRA* Father of Amasa by Abigail, Zeruiah’s sister (2 Sm 17:25, nlt mg). He is called Jether in 1 Kings 2:5, 32 and 1 Chronicles 2:17.","source":"Articles\/I.xml","external_url":null,"has_map":false,"has_picture":false},{"id":19728,"type":"article","type_label":"Articol","type_icon":"📖","type_color":"#d4af37","title_ro":"Jether","title_en":"Jether","content_ro":"<h3>JETHER<\/h3>\n<li>1. Firstborn son of Gideon who, because of his youth, was afraid to execute the Midianite kings Zebah and Zalmunna at his father’s request (Jgs 8:20).<\/li>\n<li>2. Ishmaelite and the father of Amasa (1 Kgs 2:5, 32; 1 Chr 2:17). He is alternately called Ithra in 2 Samuel 17:25. <em>See<\/em> Ithra.<\/li>\n<li>3. Firstborn son of Jada, the brother of Jonathan, and a descendant of Judah through Hezron’s line. He fathered no children (1 Chr 2:32).<\/li>\n<li>4. Judahite and the firstborn of Ezrah’s four sons (1 Chr 4:17).<\/li>\n<li>5. Asherite, the father of three sons (1 Chr 7:38) and probably identical with Ithran, Zophah’s son, in 1 Chronicles 7:37.<\/li>","content_en":"<h3>JETHER<\/h3>\n<li>1. Firstborn son of Gideon who, because of his youth, was afraid to execute the Midianite kings Zebah and Zalmunna at his father’s request (Jgs 8:20).<\/li>\n<li>2. Ishmaelite and the father of Amasa (1 Kgs 2:5, 32; 1 Chr 2:17). He is alternately called Ithra in 2 Samuel 17:25. <em>See<\/em> Ithra.<\/li>\n<li>3. Firstborn son of Jada, the brother of Jonathan, and a descendant of Judah through Hezron’s line. He fathered no children (1 Chr 2:32).<\/li>\n<li>4. Judahite and the firstborn of Ezrah’s four sons (1 Chr 4:17).<\/li>\n<li>5. Asherite, the father of three sons (1 Chr 7:38) and probably identical with Ithran, Zophah’s son, in 1 Chronicles 7:37.<\/li>","summary_ro":"JETHER 1. Firstborn son of Gideon who, because of his youth, was afraid to execute the Midianite kings Zebah and Zalmunna at his father’s request (Jgs 8:20). 2. Ishmaelite and the father of Amasa (1 Kgs 2:5, 32; 1 Chr 2:17). He is alternately called Ithra in 2 Samuel 17:25. See Ithra. 3. Firstborn son of Jada, the brother of Jonathan, and a descendant of Judah through Hezron’s line. He fathered no children (1 Chr 2:32). 4. Judahite and the firstborn of Ezrah’s four sons (1 Chr 4:17). 5. Asher...","summary_en":"JETHER 1. Firstborn son of Gideon who, because of his youth, was afraid to execute the Midianite kings Zebah and Zalmunna at his father’s request (Jgs 8:20). 2. Ishmaelite and the father of Amasa (1 Kgs 2:5, 32; 1 Chr 2:17). He is alternately called Ithra in 2 Samuel 17:25. See Ithra. 3. Firstborn son of Jada, the brother of Jonathan, and a descendant of Judah through Hezron’s line. He fathered no children (1 Chr 2:32). 4. Judahite and the firstborn of Ezrah’s four sons (1 Chr 4:17). 5. Asher...","source":"Articles\/J.xml","external_url":null,"has_map":false,"has_picture":false}],"18":[{"id":2625,"type":"article","type_label":"Articol","type_icon":"📖","type_color":"#d4af37","title_ro":"Ardon","title_en":"Ardon","content_ro":"<h3>ARDON<\/h3>\n<p>Caleb’s third son by Azubah; a descendant of Judah (1 Chr 2:18).<\/p>","content_en":"<h3>ARDON<\/h3>\n<p>Caleb’s third son by Azubah; a descendant of Judah (1 Chr 2:18).<\/p>","summary_ro":"ARDON Caleb’s third son by Azubah; a descendant of Judah (1 Chr 2:18).","summary_en":"ARDON Caleb’s third son by Azubah; a descendant of Judah (1 Chr 2:18).","source":"Articles\/A.xml","external_url":null,"has_map":false,"has_picture":false},{"id":3346,"type":"article","type_label":"Articol","type_icon":"📖","type_color":"#d4af37","title_ro":"Azubah","title_en":"Azubah","content_ro":"<h3>AZUBAH<\/h3>\n<li>1. Shilhi’s daughter and mother of King Jehoshaphat of Judah (1 Kgs 22:42; 2 Chr 20:31).<\/li>\n<li>2. First wife of Caleb and mother of three of his sons (1 Chr 2:18-19).<\/li>","content_en":"<h3>AZUBAH<\/h3>\n<li>1. Shilhi’s daughter and mother of King Jehoshaphat of Judah (1 Kgs 22:42; 2 Chr 20:31).<\/li>\n<li>2. First wife of Caleb and mother of three of his sons (1 Chr 2:18-19).<\/li>","summary_ro":"AZUBAH 1. Shilhi’s daughter and mother of King Jehoshaphat of Judah (1 Kgs 22:42; 2 Chr 20:31). 2. First wife of Caleb and mother of three of his sons (1 Chr 2:18-19).","summary_en":"AZUBAH 1. Shilhi’s daughter and mother of King Jehoshaphat of Judah (1 Kgs 22:42; 2 Chr 20:31). 2. First wife of Caleb and mother of three of his sons (1 Chr 2:18-19).","source":"Articles\/A.xml","external_url":null,"has_map":false,"has_picture":false},{"id":5963,"type":"article","type_label":"Articol","type_icon":"📖","type_color":"#d4af37","title_ro":"Caleb","title_en":"Caleb","content_ro":"<h3>CALEB<\/h3>\n<li>1. Son of Jephunneh the Kenizzite (Nm 32:12; Jos 14:6) and older brother of Kenaz (Jgs 1:13). Caleb was one of the 12 spies sent to scout out the land of Canaan. Although he and Joshua, another spy, recommended an immediate attack, their suggestion was rejected by the Israelite tribes because of other reports of heavily defended fortresses. Consequently, entrance into Canaan, the Promised Land, was delayed for some years as a divine judgment (Nm 14:21-23, 34-35).<\/li>\n<p>When Israel under Joshua’s leadership finally occupied Canaan, Caleb, at age 85 (Jos 14:6-7, 10), was assigned Hebron, which he conquered by overcoming its Anakim inhabitants (vv 13-14). Caleb offered his daughter Achsah to whomever would overthrow nearby Debir (Kiriath-sepher). Othniel, Kenaz’s son and Achsah’s cousin, was able to claim her as his wife by conquering the town (15:16-17).<\/p>\n<p>Hebron later became a Levitical city of refuge (Jos 21:13; 1 Chr 6:55-57). In some portion of Caleb’s territory David spent time as an outlaw and met his future wife Abigail, then the wife of Nabal, a Calebite (1 Sm 25:3). Here also his wives were captured by Amalekite marauders who had raided southern Judah and “the Negev of Caleb” (1 Sm 30:14).<\/p>\n<li>2. Hezron’s son and brother of Jerahmeel (1 Chr 2:18, 42), also called Chelubai (v 9). Many scholars, however, believe that this Caleb is the same as #1 above because (1) Achsah is mentioned as the daughter of both (v 49); and (2) the prominent place of an otherwise unknown Caleb in the genealogy would be hard to account for. According to these scholars, Caleb was listed as a son of Hezron (the grandson of Judah) in order to establish his position and inheritance in Judah’s tribe. In reality, however, Caleb was a foreigner, son of Jephunneh, a Kenizzite, who had joined himself and his clan to Judah’s tribe. Some support this view by arguing that Caleb is a Horite rather than Israelite name.<\/li>\n<li>3. Hur’s son, according to the <span>kjv<\/span> (1 Chr 2:50). Most likely, however, the <span>kjv<\/span> joins what should be two separate phrases. The <span>nlt<\/span> correctly renders it, “These were all descendants of Caleb. The sons of Hur . . .”<\/li>","content_en":"<h3>CALEB<\/h3>\n<li>1. Son of Jephunneh the Kenizzite (Nm 32:12; Jos 14:6) and older brother of Kenaz (Jgs 1:13). Caleb was one of the 12 spies sent to scout out the land of Canaan. Although he and Joshua, another spy, recommended an immediate attack, their suggestion was rejected by the Israelite tribes because of other reports of heavily defended fortresses. Consequently, entrance into Canaan, the Promised Land, was delayed for some years as a divine judgment (Nm 14:21-23, 34-35).<\/li>\n<p>When Israel under Joshua’s leadership finally occupied Canaan, Caleb, at age 85 (Jos 14:6-7, 10), was assigned Hebron, which he conquered by overcoming its Anakim inhabitants (vv 13-14). Caleb offered his daughter Achsah to whomever would overthrow nearby Debir (Kiriath-sepher). Othniel, Kenaz’s son and Achsah’s cousin, was able to claim her as his wife by conquering the town (15:16-17).<\/p>\n<p>Hebron later became a Levitical city of refuge (Jos 21:13; 1 Chr 6:55-57). In some portion of Caleb’s territory David spent time as an outlaw and met his future wife Abigail, then the wife of Nabal, a Calebite (1 Sm 25:3). Here also his wives were captured by Amalekite marauders who had raided southern Judah and “the Negev of Caleb” (1 Sm 30:14).<\/p>\n<li>2. Hezron’s son and brother of Jerahmeel (1 Chr 2:18, 42), also called Chelubai (v 9). Many scholars, however, believe that this Caleb is the same as #1 above because (1) Achsah is mentioned as the daughter of both (v 49); and (2) the prominent place of an otherwise unknown Caleb in the genealogy would be hard to account for. According to these scholars, Caleb was listed as a son of Hezron (the grandson of Judah) in order to establish his position and inheritance in Judah’s tribe. In reality, however, Caleb was a foreigner, son of Jephunneh, a Kenizzite, who had joined himself and his clan to Judah’s tribe. Some support this view by arguing that Caleb is a Horite rather than Israelite name.<\/li>\n<li>3. Hur’s son, according to the <span>kjv<\/span> (1 Chr 2:50). Most likely, however, the <span>kjv<\/span> joins what should be two separate phrases. The <span>nlt<\/span> correctly renders it, “These were all descendants of Caleb. The sons of Hur . . .”<\/li>","summary_ro":"CALEB 1. Son of Jephunneh the Kenizzite (Nm 32:12; Jos 14:6) and older brother of Kenaz (Jgs 1:13). Caleb was one of the 12 spies sent to scout out the land of Canaan. Although he and Joshua, another spy, recommended an immediate attack, their suggestion was rejected by the Israelite tribes because of other reports of heavily defended fortresses. Consequently, entrance into Canaan, the Promised Land, was delayed for some years as a divine judgment (Nm 14:21-23, 34-35). When Israel under Joshu...","summary_en":"CALEB 1. Son of Jephunneh the Kenizzite (Nm 32:12; Jos 14:6) and older brother of Kenaz (Jgs 1:13). Caleb was one of the 12 spies sent to scout out the land of Canaan. Although he and Joshua, another spy, recommended an immediate attack, their suggestion was rejected by the Israelite tribes because of other reports of heavily defended fortresses. Consequently, entrance into Canaan, the Promised Land, was delayed for some years as a divine judgment (Nm 14:21-23, 34-35). When Israel under Joshu...","source":"Articles\/C.xml","external_url":null,"has_map":false,"has_picture":false},{"id":6255,"type":"article","type_label":"Articol","type_icon":"📖","type_color":"#d4af37","title_ro":"Chelubai*","title_en":"Chelubai*","content_ro":"<h3>CHELUBAI*<\/h3>\n<p>Hezron’s son and the brother of Jerahmeel (1 Chr 2:9); alternately called Caleb in 1 Chronicles 2:18, 42. <em>See<\/em> Caleb #2.<\/p>","content_en":"<h3>CHELUBAI*<\/h3>\n<p>Hezron’s son and the brother of Jerahmeel (1 Chr 2:9); alternately called Caleb in 1 Chronicles 2:18, 42. <em>See<\/em> Caleb #2.<\/p>","summary_ro":"CHELUBAI* Hezron’s son and the brother of Jerahmeel (1 Chr 2:9); alternately called Caleb in 1 Chronicles 2:18, 42. See Caleb #2.","summary_en":"CHELUBAI* Hezron’s son and the brother of Jerahmeel (1 Chr 2:9); alternately called Caleb in 1 Chronicles 2:18, 42. See Caleb #2.","source":"Articles\/C.xml","external_url":null,"has_map":false,"has_picture":false},{"id":19157,"type":"article","type_label":"Articol","type_icon":"📖","type_color":"#d4af37","title_ro":"Jerioth","title_en":"Jerioth","content_ro":"<h3>JERIOTH<\/h3>\n<p>One of Caleb’s wives, according to 1 Chronicles 2:18.<\/p>","content_en":"<h3>JERIOTH<\/h3>\n<p>One of Caleb’s wives, according to 1 Chronicles 2:18.<\/p>","summary_ro":"JERIOTH One of Caleb’s wives, according to 1 Chronicles 2:18.","summary_en":"JERIOTH One of Caleb’s wives, according to 1 Chronicles 2:18.","source":"Articles\/J.xml","external_url":null,"has_map":false,"has_picture":false},{"id":19323,"type":"article","type_label":"Articol","type_icon":"📖","type_color":"#d4af37","title_ro":"Jesher","title_en":"Jesher","content_ro":"<h3>JESHER<\/h3>\n<p>Caleb’s son from Judah’s tribe (1 Chr 2:18).<\/p>","content_en":"<h3>JESHER<\/h3>\n<p>Caleb’s son from Judah’s tribe (1 Chr 2:18).<\/p>","summary_ro":"JESHER Caleb’s son from Judah’s tribe (1 Chr 2:18).","summary_en":"JESHER Caleb’s son from Judah’s tribe (1 Chr 2:18).","source":"Articles\/J.xml","external_url":null,"has_map":false,"has_picture":false},{"id":35184,"type":"article","type_label":"Articol","type_icon":"📖","type_color":"#d4af37","title_ro":"Shobab","title_en":"Shobab","content_ro":"<h3>SHOBAB<\/h3>\n<li>1. Second of David’s four sons by Bathsheba (2 Sm 5:14; 1 Chr 3:5; 14:4).<\/li>\n<li>2. Caleb’s son by his wife Azubah (1 Chr 2:18).<\/li>","content_en":"<h3>SHOBAB<\/h3>\n<li>1. Second of David’s four sons by Bathsheba (2 Sm 5:14; 1 Chr 3:5; 14:4).<\/li>\n<li>2. Caleb’s son by his wife Azubah (1 Chr 2:18).<\/li>","summary_ro":"SHOBAB 1. Second of David’s four sons by Bathsheba (2 Sm 5:14; 1 Chr 3:5; 14:4). 2. Caleb’s son by his wife Azubah (1 Chr 2:18).","summary_en":"SHOBAB 1. Second of David’s four sons by Bathsheba (2 Sm 5:14; 1 Chr 3:5; 14:4). 2. Caleb’s son by his wife Azubah (1 Chr 2:18).","source":"Articles\/S.xml","external_url":null,"has_map":false,"has_picture":false}],"19":[{"id":11006,"type":"article","type_label":"Articol","type_icon":"📖","type_color":"#d4af37","title_ro":"Ephrath (Person)","title_en":"Ephrath (Person)","content_ro":"<h3>EPHRATH (P<span>erson<\/span>)<\/h3>\n<p>Mother of Hur and Caleb’s second wife (1 Chr 2:19, 50).<\/p>","content_en":"<h3>EPHRATH (P<span>erson<\/span>)<\/h3>\n<p>Mother of Hur and Caleb’s second wife (1 Chr 2:19, 50).<\/p>","summary_ro":"EPHRATH (Person) Mother of Hur and Caleb’s second wife (1 Chr 2:19, 50).","summary_en":"EPHRATH (Person) Mother of Hur and Caleb’s second wife (1 Chr 2:19, 50).","source":"Articles\/E.xml","external_url":null,"has_map":false,"has_picture":false},{"id":17014,"type":"article","type_label":"Articol","type_icon":"📖","type_color":"#d4af37","title_ro":"Hur","title_en":"Hur","content_ro":"<h3>HUR<\/h3>\n<li>1. Aaron’s assistant in supporting Moses’ hands until the Amalekites were defeated at Rephidim (Ex 17:8-13). He is mentioned again as assisting Aaron in overseeing Israel while Moses was on Mt Sinai (24:14). According to Josephus, Hur was the husband of Miriam, the sister of Moses (<em>Antiquities<\/em> 3.2.4).<\/li>\n<li>2. Fourth of the five kings of Midian who was killed with Balaam by the Israelites under Moses (Nm 31:8). He is also referred to as one of the “princes of Midian” and “Sihon” (Jos 13:21).<\/li>\n<li>3. Father of one of the 12 officers whom Solomon appointed to provide food for the king’s household (1 Kgs 4:8, <span>kjv<\/span>; <span>nlt<\/span> “Ben-hur”).<\/li>\n<li>4. Son of Caleb and Ephrath and the grandfather of Bezalel (1 Chr 2:19-20; cf. Ex 31:2; 38:22). Although some interpreters regard the Hur discussed in #1 as the grandfather of Bezalel, others think that the Hur who assisted Moses and the Hur who was Bezalel’s grandfather were different men.<\/li>\n<li>5. Father (or perhaps family name) of Rephaiah, a postexilic leader who assisted Nehemiah in rebuilding the Jerusalem wall (Neh 3:9).<\/li>","content_en":"<h3>HUR<\/h3>\n<li>1. Aaron’s assistant in supporting Moses’ hands until the Amalekites were defeated at Rephidim (Ex 17:8-13). He is mentioned again as assisting Aaron in overseeing Israel while Moses was on Mt Sinai (24:14). According to Josephus, Hur was the husband of Miriam, the sister of Moses (<em>Antiquities<\/em> 3.2.4).<\/li>\n<li>2. Fourth of the five kings of Midian who was killed with Balaam by the Israelites under Moses (Nm 31:8). He is also referred to as one of the “princes of Midian” and “Sihon” (Jos 13:21).<\/li>\n<li>3. Father of one of the 12 officers whom Solomon appointed to provide food for the king’s household (1 Kgs 4:8, <span>kjv<\/span>; <span>nlt<\/span> “Ben-hur”).<\/li>\n<li>4. Son of Caleb and Ephrath and the grandfather of Bezalel (1 Chr 2:19-20; cf. Ex 31:2; 38:22). Although some interpreters regard the Hur discussed in #1 as the grandfather of Bezalel, others think that the Hur who assisted Moses and the Hur who was Bezalel’s grandfather were different men.<\/li>\n<li>5. Father (or perhaps family name) of Rephaiah, a postexilic leader who assisted Nehemiah in rebuilding the Jerusalem wall (Neh 3:9).<\/li>","summary_ro":"HUR 1. Aaron’s assistant in supporting Moses’ hands until the Amalekites were defeated at Rephidim (Ex 17:8-13). He is mentioned again as assisting Aaron in overseeing Israel while Moses was on Mt Sinai (24:14). According to Josephus, Hur was the husband of Miriam, the sister of Moses (Antiquities 3.2.4). 2. Fourth of the five kings of Midian who was killed with Balaam by the Israelites under Moses (Nm 31:8). He is also referred to as one of the “princes of Midian” and “Sihon” (Jos 13:21). 3....","summary_en":"HUR 1. Aaron’s assistant in supporting Moses’ hands until the Amalekites were defeated at Rephidim (Ex 17:8-13). He is mentioned again as assisting Aaron in overseeing Israel while Moses was on Mt Sinai (24:14). According to Josephus, Hur was the husband of Miriam, the sister of Moses (Antiquities 3.2.4). 2. Fourth of the five kings of Midian who was killed with Balaam by the Israelites under Moses (Nm 31:8). He is also referred to as one of the “princes of Midian” and “Sihon” (Jos 13:21). 3....","source":"Articles\/H.xml","external_url":null,"has_map":false,"has_picture":false}],"20":[{"id":4611,"type":"article","type_label":"Articol","type_icon":"📖","type_color":"#d4af37","title_ro":"Bezaleel*, Bezalel","title_en":"Bezaleel*, Bezalel","content_ro":"<h3>BEZALEEL*, BEZALEL<\/h3>\n<li>1. Uri’s son and the master craftsman from Judah’s tribe who was specially equipped by God to be in charge of the construction and furnishing of the tabernacle (Ex 31:2; 35:30-31; 36:1-2; 37:1; 38:22; 1 Chr 2:20; 2 Chr 1:5) In the <span>kjv<\/span> the name is Bezaleel.<\/li>\n<li>2. Pahath-moab’s son, who obeyed Ezra’s exhortation to divorce his pagan wife after the exile (Ezr 10:30). In the <span>kjv<\/span> the name is Bezaleel.<\/li>","content_en":"<h3>BEZALEEL*, BEZALEL<\/h3>\n<li>1. Uri’s son and the master craftsman from Judah’s tribe who was specially equipped by God to be in charge of the construction and furnishing of the tabernacle (Ex 31:2; 35:30-31; 36:1-2; 37:1; 38:22; 1 Chr 2:20; 2 Chr 1:5) In the <span>kjv<\/span> the name is Bezaleel.<\/li>\n<li>2. Pahath-moab’s son, who obeyed Ezra’s exhortation to divorce his pagan wife after the exile (Ezr 10:30). In the <span>kjv<\/span> the name is Bezaleel.<\/li>","summary_ro":"BEZALEEL*, BEZALEL 1. Uri’s son and the master craftsman from Judah’s tribe who was specially equipped by God to be in charge of the construction and furnishing of the tabernacle (Ex 31:2; 35:30-31; 36:1-2; 37:1; 38:22; 1 Chr 2:20; 2 Chr 1:5) In the kjv the name is Bezaleel. 2. Pahath-moab’s son, who obeyed Ezra’s exhortation to divorce his pagan wife after the exile (Ezr 10:30). In the kjv the name is Bezaleel.","summary_en":"BEZALEEL*, BEZALEL 1. Uri’s son and the master craftsman from Judah’s tribe who was specially equipped by God to be in charge of the construction and furnishing of the tabernacle (Ex 31:2; 35:30-31; 36:1-2; 37:1; 38:22; 1 Chr 2:20; 2 Chr 1:5) In the kjv the name is Bezaleel. 2. Pahath-moab’s son, who obeyed Ezra’s exhortation to divorce his pagan wife after the exile (Ezr 10:30). In the kjv the name is Bezaleel.","source":"Articles\/B.xml","external_url":null,"has_map":false,"has_picture":false},{"id":37887,"type":"article","type_label":"Articol","type_icon":"📖","type_color":"#d4af37","title_ro":"Uri","title_en":"Uri","content_ro":"<h3>URI<\/h3>\n<li>1. Father of Bezalel from Judah’s tribe, and a builder of the tabernacle (Ex 31:2; 35:30; 38:22; 1 Chr 2:20; 2 Chr 1:5).<\/li>\n<li>2. Father of Geber, one of Solomon’s officers in Gilead (1 Kgs 4:19).<\/li>\n<li>3. One of the temple gatekeepers who put away his foreign wife at Ezra’s request (Ezr 10:24).<\/li>","content_en":"<h3>URI<\/h3>\n<li>1. Father of Bezalel from Judah’s tribe, and a builder of the tabernacle (Ex 31:2; 35:30; 38:22; 1 Chr 2:20; 2 Chr 1:5).<\/li>\n<li>2. Father of Geber, one of Solomon’s officers in Gilead (1 Kgs 4:19).<\/li>\n<li>3. One of the temple gatekeepers who put away his foreign wife at Ezra’s request (Ezr 10:24).<\/li>","summary_ro":"URI 1. Father of Bezalel from Judah’s tribe, and a builder of the tabernacle (Ex 31:2; 35:30; 38:22; 1 Chr 2:20; 2 Chr 1:5). 2. Father of Geber, one of Solomon’s officers in Gilead (1 Kgs 4:19). 3. One of the temple gatekeepers who put away his foreign wife at Ezra’s request (Ezr 10:24).","summary_en":"URI 1. Father of Bezalel from Judah’s tribe, and a builder of the tabernacle (Ex 31:2; 35:30; 38:22; 1 Chr 2:20; 2 Chr 1:5). 2. Father of Geber, one of Solomon’s officers in Gilead (1 Kgs 4:19). 3. One of the temple gatekeepers who put away his foreign wife at Ezra’s request (Ezr 10:24).","source":"Articles\/U.xml","external_url":null,"has_map":false,"has_picture":false},{"id":47553,"type":"study_note","type_label":"Notă de studiu","type_icon":"📝","type_color":"#06b6d4","title_ro":"Notă de studiu: 1 Cronici 2:20","title_en":"Study Note: 1 Cronici 2:20","content_ro":"<p><strong>2:20<\/strong> The Lord chose <em>Bezalel<\/em><em>,<\/em> a craftsman descended from Hezron, to construct the Tabernacle (see Exod 31:1-2).<\/p>","content_en":"<p><strong>2:20<\/strong> The Lord chose <em>Bezalel<\/em><em>,<\/em> a craftsman descended from Hezron, to construct the Tabernacle (see Exod 31:1-2).<\/p>","summary_ro":"2:20 The Lord chose Bezalel, a craftsman descended from Hezron, to construct the Tabernacle (see Exod 31:1-2).","summary_en":"2:20 The Lord chose Bezalel, a craftsman descended from Hezron, to construct the Tabernacle (see Exod 31:1-2).","source":"StudyNotes.xml","external_url":null,"has_map":false,"has_picture":false},{"id":75179,"type":"study_note","type_label":"Notă de studiu","type_icon":"📝","type_color":"#06b6d4","title_ro":"Notă de studiu: 1 Cronici 2:20","title_en":"Study Note: 1 Cronici 2:20","content_ro":"<p><strong>2:20<\/strong> The Lord chose <em>Bezalel<\/em><em>,<\/em> a craftsman descended from Hezron, to construct the Tabernacle (see Exod 31:1-2).<\/p>","content_en":"<p><strong>2:20<\/strong> The Lord chose <em>Bezalel<\/em><em>,<\/em> a craftsman descended from Hezron, to construct the Tabernacle (see Exod 31:1-2).<\/p>","summary_ro":"2:20 The Lord chose Bezalel, a craftsman descended from Hezron, to construct the Tabernacle (see Exod 31:1-2).","summary_en":"2:20 The Lord chose Bezalel, a craftsman descended from Hezron, to construct the Tabernacle (see Exod 31:1-2).","source":"StudyNotes.xml","external_url":null,"has_map":false,"has_picture":false},{"id":102805,"type":"study_note","type_label":"Notă de studiu","type_icon":"📝","type_color":"#06b6d4","title_ro":"Notă de studiu: 1 Cronici 2:20","title_en":"Study Note: 1 Cronici 2:20","content_ro":"<p><strong>2:20<\/strong> The Lord chose <em>Bezalel<\/em><em>,<\/em> a craftsman descended from Hezron, to construct the Tabernacle (see Exod 31:1-2).<\/p>","content_en":"<p><strong>2:20<\/strong> The Lord chose <em>Bezalel<\/em><em>,<\/em> a craftsman descended from Hezron, to construct the Tabernacle (see Exod 31:1-2).<\/p>","summary_ro":"2:20 The Lord chose Bezalel, a craftsman descended from Hezron, to construct the Tabernacle (see Exod 31:1-2).","summary_en":"2:20 The Lord chose Bezalel, a craftsman descended from Hezron, to construct the Tabernacle (see Exod 31:1-2).","source":"StudyNotes.xml","external_url":null,"has_map":false,"has_picture":false},{"id":130431,"type":"study_note","type_label":"Notă de studiu","type_icon":"📝","type_color":"#06b6d4","title_ro":"Notă de studiu: 1 Cronici 2:20","title_en":"Study Note: 1 Cronici 2:20","content_ro":"<p><strong>2:20<\/strong> The Lord chose <em>Bezalel<\/em><em>,<\/em> a craftsman descended from Hezron, to construct the Tabernacle (see Exod 31:1-2).<\/p>","content_en":"<p><strong>2:20<\/strong> The Lord chose <em>Bezalel<\/em><em>,<\/em> a craftsman descended from Hezron, to construct the Tabernacle (see Exod 31:1-2).<\/p>","summary_ro":"2:20 The Lord chose Bezalel, a craftsman descended from Hezron, to construct the Tabernacle (see Exod 31:1-2).","summary_en":"2:20 The Lord chose Bezalel, a craftsman descended from Hezron, to construct the Tabernacle (see Exod 31:1-2).","source":"StudyNotes.xml","external_url":null,"has_map":false,"has_picture":false}],"21":[{"id":15499,"type":"article","type_label":"Articol","type_icon":"📖","type_color":"#d4af37","title_ro":"Havoth-Jair*, Havvoth-Jair*","title_en":"Havoth-Jair*, Havvoth-Jair*","content_ro":"<h3>HAVOTH-JAIR*, HAVVOTH-JAIR*<\/h3>\n<p>Series of settlements on the edge of Bashan across the Jordan captured by Jair, according to Numbers 32:41 (<span>nlt<\/span> mg). Because of their location, they fell into the allotment of the half-tribe of Manasseh. The number of these villages is given in Joshua 13:29-30 as 60, and they are probably included in the cities and towns of 1 Chronicles 2:22-23, although only 23 cities are specified as belonging to Jair. The <span>kjv<\/span> rendering as “Bashan-havoth-jair” (Dt 3:14) makes the location as specific as in the Hebrew. In Judges 10:4, a judge named Jair had 30 sons who controlled 30 cities named Havvoth-jair. But he is obviously different from the Jair of Numbers 32:41. If his sons controlled only 30 settlements, he himself probably governed the remaining 30. In 1 Chronicles 2:21-24, which reflects a relationship between Judah and Manasseh, Jair was said to have 23 cities in Gilead when Geshur and Aram captured 60 towns from the tent settlements of Jair and Kenath and its dependencies. While the variant numbers present difficulties, the narrative itself may be the Chronicler’s way of indicating Judah’s sense of sovereignty over Gilead.<\/p>","content_en":"<h3>HAVOTH-JAIR*, HAVVOTH-JAIR*<\/h3>\n<p>Series of settlements on the edge of Bashan across the Jordan captured by Jair, according to Numbers 32:41 (<span>nlt<\/span> mg). Because of their location, they fell into the allotment of the half-tribe of Manasseh. The number of these villages is given in Joshua 13:29-30 as 60, and they are probably included in the cities and towns of 1 Chronicles 2:22-23, although only 23 cities are specified as belonging to Jair. The <span>kjv<\/span> rendering as “Bashan-havoth-jair” (Dt 3:14) makes the location as specific as in the Hebrew. In Judges 10:4, a judge named Jair had 30 sons who controlled 30 cities named Havvoth-jair. But he is obviously different from the Jair of Numbers 32:41. If his sons controlled only 30 settlements, he himself probably governed the remaining 30. In 1 Chronicles 2:21-24, which reflects a relationship between Judah and Manasseh, Jair was said to have 23 cities in Gilead when Geshur and Aram captured 60 towns from the tent settlements of Jair and Kenath and its dependencies. While the variant numbers present difficulties, the narrative itself may be the Chronicler’s way of indicating Judah’s sense of sovereignty over Gilead.<\/p>","summary_ro":"HAVOTH-JAIR*, HAVVOTH-JAIR* Series of settlements on the edge of Bashan across the Jordan captured by Jair, according to Numbers 32:41 (nlt mg). Because of their location, they fell into the allotment of the half-tribe of Manasseh. The number of these villages is given in Joshua 13:29-30 as 60, and they are probably included in the cities and towns of 1 Chronicles 2:22-23, although only 23 cities are specified as belonging to Jair. The kjv rendering as “Bashan-havoth-jair” (Dt 3:14) makes the...","summary_en":"HAVOTH-JAIR*, HAVVOTH-JAIR* Series of settlements on the edge of Bashan across the Jordan captured by Jair, according to Numbers 32:41 (nlt mg). Because of their location, they fell into the allotment of the half-tribe of Manasseh. The number of these villages is given in Joshua 13:29-30 as 60, and they are probably included in the cities and towns of 1 Chronicles 2:22-23, although only 23 cities are specified as belonging to Jair. The kjv rendering as “Bashan-havoth-jair” (Dt 3:14) makes the...","source":"Articles\/H.xml","external_url":null,"has_map":false,"has_picture":false},{"id":24232,"type":"article","type_label":"Articol","type_icon":"📖","type_color":"#d4af37","title_ro":"Tribe of Manasseh","title_en":"Tribe of Manasseh","content_ro":"<h3>MANASSEH, Tribe of<\/h3>\n<p>Geographically, the largest of the 12 tribes of Israel, and unique in having two territories, a half-tribe in each. Isolated from each other by the Jordan River valley, they developed separately. The half-tribe west of the Jordan was more important, both in OT and NT times, because it was the main tribe of the northern kingdom of Israel (931–722 <span>BC<\/span>) and one of the main ancestral stocks of the Samaritans.<\/p>\n<p class=\"h2\" id=\"EarlyHistory\">Early History<\/p>\n<h5>Its Roots<\/h5>\n<p>Its families traced their origins back to Joseph’s elder son Manasseh, to Manasseh’s son Makir or grandson Gilead, or to later descendants such as Zelophehad and Jair. A fair harmony can be constructed from the biblical genealogical data in Gn 48:5-6; Nm 26:28-34; Jos 17:1-3; 1 Chr 2:21-23; and 7:14-19, a text corrupted by several copyists’ errors. The mention of Asriel in 1 Chronicles 7:14 seems to be a copyist’s mistake; otherwise, the accounts are capable of being reconciled, even if each list preserved different data and none is complete in itself.<\/p>\n<h5>Its Size<\/h5>\n<p>One year after the exodus, Manasseh had the smallest army, according to Moses’ first census (Nm 1:34-35). On the eve of the conquest of Canaan, after wandering 38 years in the Sinai wilderness and then conquering Transjordan, it had the sixth largest fighting force, according to a second census (Nm 26:28-34)—52,700 men.<\/p>\n<h5>Its First Settlements<\/h5>\n<p>The soldiers of the eastern half-tribe of Manasseh settled their families in Gilead, which they captured under Moses’ leadership from the Amorite king Og (Nm 21:32-35; 32:39-42; Dt 3:1-15). Then, under Joshua, they crossed the Jordan to help the other tribes conquer Canaan (Nm 32:1-32; Jos 1:12-18). Subsequently, the western half-tribe received its allotment and began to settle in the central hill country (Jos 16:1-9; ch 17). After the remaining tribes received their shares of land, the army from the eastern half-tribe returned home (22:1-9). En route to their families in Gilead, they helped to build an altar by the Jordan River. This act was intended to preserve national unity, but it nearly started a civil war (vv 10-34).<\/p>\n<p class=\"h2\" id=\"TheEasternHalf-Tribe\">The Eastern Half-Tribe<\/p>\n<h5>Its Territory<\/h5>\n<p>Moses allotted the eastern half-tribe nearly 3,000 square miles (7,770 square kilometers) of territory in three geographical regions (northern Gilead, Bashan, and Mt Hermon), but it succeeded in controlling only about 800 square miles (2,072 square kilometers)—the half of Gilead north of the Jabbok River (and south of the Yarmuk River)—despite successful initial conquests (Nm 32:39-42; Dt 3:12-15; Jos 13:8-13) and gradual northern expansion much later (1 Chr 5:23).<\/p>\n<p>The territory occupied was mostly a high plateau with a mountainous center. It was watered well by rains in winter and by a heavy dew in summer. Olive trees, grapevines, and wheat thrived, and goats and sheep could find adequate pasture on the eastern slopes, which merged gradually into the desert to the east.<\/p>\n<h5>People and Places<\/h5>\n<p>Prominent citizens of the eastern half-tribe included the “judges” Jair and Jephthah (Jgs 10:3-5; 11:6-12) and David’s benefactor Barzillai (2 Sm 19:31-39). Principal cities were Jabeth-gilead and Ramoth-gilead, a city of refuge and a Levitical city, respectively (originally in Gad—Jos 20:8; 21:38).<\/p>\n<p>The eastern territory was usually called simply “the half-tribe of Manasseh,” until David (c. 1000–961 <span>BC<\/span>) made it an administrative district (1 Chr 27:21). Solomon (970–930 <span>BC<\/span>) divided and incorporated it into two new districts (1 Kgs 4:13-14). Under Jeroboam I (930–909 <span>BC<\/span>), it joined, on equal terms, with eight other tribes and with the western half-tribe, to form a confederacy of ten tribes—the northern kingdom of Israel—in 930 <span>BC<\/span>. Syria and Assyria both held eastern Manasseh temporarily, in the ninth and eighth centuries <span>BC<\/span> (cf. 2 Kgs 10:32-33; 13:7 with 14:25; and 2 Kgs 15:29 with 2 Chr 34:6-7). King Tiglath-pileser III (745–727 <span>BC<\/span>) of Assyria invaded the area, conquered it, deported its people, and scattered them throughout his empire (1 Chr 5:26; cf. 2 Kgs 15:29) about ten years before the rest of the northern kingdom fell to the Assyrians in 722 <span>BC<\/span>. Most of the western Manassites who were left behind intermarried with the foreigners, began to worship pagan gods, and became ancestors of the Samaritans (2 Kgs 17:24-41). Subsequently, the region was known as Gilead. By NT times the region was partly in the Decapolis and partly in Perea.<\/p>","content_en":"<h3>MANASSEH, Tribe of<\/h3>\n<p>Geographically, the largest of the 12 tribes of Israel, and unique in having two territories, a half-tribe in each. Isolated from each other by the Jordan River valley, they developed separately. The half-tribe west of the Jordan was more important, both in OT and NT times, because it was the main tribe of the northern kingdom of Israel (931–722 <span>BC<\/span>) and one of the main ancestral stocks of the Samaritans.<\/p>\n<p class=\"h2\" id=\"EarlyHistory\">Early History<\/p>\n<h5>Its Roots<\/h5>\n<p>Its families traced their origins back to Joseph’s elder son Manasseh, to Manasseh’s son Makir or grandson Gilead, or to later descendants such as Zelophehad and Jair. A fair harmony can be constructed from the biblical genealogical data in Gn 48:5-6; Nm 26:28-34; Jos 17:1-3; 1 Chr 2:21-23; and 7:14-19, a text corrupted by several copyists’ errors. The mention of Asriel in 1 Chronicles 7:14 seems to be a copyist’s mistake; otherwise, the accounts are capable of being reconciled, even if each list preserved different data and none is complete in itself.<\/p>\n<h5>Its Size<\/h5>\n<p>One year after the exodus, Manasseh had the smallest army, according to Moses’ first census (Nm 1:34-35). On the eve of the conquest of Canaan, after wandering 38 years in the Sinai wilderness and then conquering Transjordan, it had the sixth largest fighting force, according to a second census (Nm 26:28-34)—52,700 men.<\/p>\n<h5>Its First Settlements<\/h5>\n<p>The soldiers of the eastern half-tribe of Manasseh settled their families in Gilead, which they captured under Moses’ leadership from the Amorite king Og (Nm 21:32-35; 32:39-42; Dt 3:1-15). Then, under Joshua, they crossed the Jordan to help the other tribes conquer Canaan (Nm 32:1-32; Jos 1:12-18). Subsequently, the western half-tribe received its allotment and began to settle in the central hill country (Jos 16:1-9; ch 17). After the remaining tribes received their shares of land, the army from the eastern half-tribe returned home (22:1-9). En route to their families in Gilead, they helped to build an altar by the Jordan River. This act was intended to preserve national unity, but it nearly started a civil war (vv 10-34).<\/p>\n<p class=\"h2\" id=\"TheEasternHalf-Tribe\">The Eastern Half-Tribe<\/p>\n<h5>Its Territory<\/h5>\n<p>Moses allotted the eastern half-tribe nearly 3,000 square miles (7,770 square kilometers) of territory in three geographical regions (northern Gilead, Bashan, and Mt Hermon), but it succeeded in controlling only about 800 square miles (2,072 square kilometers)—the half of Gilead north of the Jabbok River (and south of the Yarmuk River)—despite successful initial conquests (Nm 32:39-42; Dt 3:12-15; Jos 13:8-13) and gradual northern expansion much later (1 Chr 5:23).<\/p>\n<p>The territory occupied was mostly a high plateau with a mountainous center. It was watered well by rains in winter and by a heavy dew in summer. Olive trees, grapevines, and wheat thrived, and goats and sheep could find adequate pasture on the eastern slopes, which merged gradually into the desert to the east.<\/p>\n<h5>People and Places<\/h5>\n<p>Prominent citizens of the eastern half-tribe included the “judges” Jair and Jephthah (Jgs 10:3-5; 11:6-12) and David’s benefactor Barzillai (2 Sm 19:31-39). Principal cities were Jabeth-gilead and Ramoth-gilead, a city of refuge and a Levitical city, respectively (originally in Gad—Jos 20:8; 21:38).<\/p>\n<p>The eastern territory was usually called simply “the half-tribe of Manasseh,” until David (c. 1000–961 <span>BC<\/span>) made it an administrative district (1 Chr 27:21). Solomon (970–930 <span>BC<\/span>) divided and incorporated it into two new districts (1 Kgs 4:13-14). Under Jeroboam I (930–909 <span>BC<\/span>), it joined, on equal terms, with eight other tribes and with the western half-tribe, to form a confederacy of ten tribes—the northern kingdom of Israel—in 930 <span>BC<\/span>. Syria and Assyria both held eastern Manasseh temporarily, in the ninth and eighth centuries <span>BC<\/span> (cf. 2 Kgs 10:32-33; 13:7 with 14:25; and 2 Kgs 15:29 with 2 Chr 34:6-7). King Tiglath-pileser III (745–727 <span>BC<\/span>) of Assyria invaded the area, conquered it, deported its people, and scattered them throughout his empire (1 Chr 5:26; cf. 2 Kgs 15:29) about ten years before the rest of the northern kingdom fell to the Assyrians in 722 <span>BC<\/span>. Most of the western Manassites who were left behind intermarried with the foreigners, began to worship pagan gods, and became ancestors of the Samaritans (2 Kgs 17:24-41). Subsequently, the region was known as Gilead. By NT times the region was partly in the Decapolis and partly in Perea.<\/p>","summary_ro":"MANASSEH, Tribe of Geographically, the largest of the 12 tribes of Israel, and unique in having two territories, a half-tribe in each. Isolated from each other by the Jordan River valley, they developed separately. The half-tribe west of the Jordan was more important, both in OT and NT times, because it was the main tribe of the northern kingdom of Israel (931–722 BC) and one of the main ancestral stocks of the Samaritans. Early History Its Roots Its families traced their origins back to Jose...","summary_en":"MANASSEH, Tribe of Geographically, the largest of the 12 tribes of Israel, and unique in having two territories, a half-tribe in each. Isolated from each other by the Jordan River valley, they developed separately. The half-tribe west of the Jordan was more important, both in OT and NT times, because it was the main tribe of the northern kingdom of Israel (931–722 BC) and one of the main ancestral stocks of the Samaritans. Early History Its Roots Its families traced their origins back to Jose...","source":"Articles\/M.xml","external_url":null,"has_map":false,"has_picture":false},{"id":34303,"type":"article","type_label":"Articol","type_icon":"📖","type_color":"#d4af37","title_ro":"Segub","title_en":"Segub","content_ro":"<h3>SEGUB<\/h3>\n<li>1. Youngest son of Hiel the Bethelite. Hiel rebuilt Jericho during the reign of King Ahab of Israel. His violation of Joshua’s curse against anyone rebuilding the city (Jos 6:26) cost him his oldest and youngest sons. Segub was killed as a result of the rebuilding of the city gates (1 Kgs 16:34).<\/li>\n<li>2. Son borne to Hezron by the daughter of Makir, the father of Gilead. Segub was the father of Jair (1 Chr 2:21-22).<\/li>","content_en":"<h3>SEGUB<\/h3>\n<li>1. Youngest son of Hiel the Bethelite. Hiel rebuilt Jericho during the reign of King Ahab of Israel. His violation of Joshua’s curse against anyone rebuilding the city (Jos 6:26) cost him his oldest and youngest sons. Segub was killed as a result of the rebuilding of the city gates (1 Kgs 16:34).<\/li>\n<li>2. Son borne to Hezron by the daughter of Makir, the father of Gilead. Segub was the father of Jair (1 Chr 2:21-22).<\/li>","summary_ro":"SEGUB 1. Youngest son of Hiel the Bethelite. Hiel rebuilt Jericho during the reign of King Ahab of Israel. His violation of Joshua’s curse against anyone rebuilding the city (Jos 6:26) cost him his oldest and youngest sons. Segub was killed as a result of the rebuilding of the city gates (1 Kgs 16:34). 2. Son borne to Hezron by the daughter of Makir, the father of Gilead. Segub was the father of Jair (1 Chr 2:21-22).","summary_en":"SEGUB 1. Youngest son of Hiel the Bethelite. Hiel rebuilt Jericho during the reign of King Ahab of Israel. His violation of Joshua’s curse against anyone rebuilding the city (Jos 6:26) cost him his oldest and youngest sons. Segub was killed as a result of the rebuilding of the city gates (1 Kgs 16:34). 2. Son borne to Hezron by the daughter of Makir, the father of Gilead. Segub was the father of Jair (1 Chr 2:21-22).","source":"Articles\/S.xml","external_url":null,"has_map":false,"has_picture":false},{"id":47554,"type":"study_note","type_label":"Notă de studiu","type_icon":"📝","type_color":"#06b6d4","title_ro":"Notă de studiu: 1 Cronici 2:21","title_en":"Study Note: 1 Cronici 2:21","content_ro":"<p><strong>2:21-23<\/strong> Some of the families of <em>Gilead<\/em><em>,<\/em> listed elsewhere as members of the tribe of Manasseh (cp. Num 32:39-42), also had a connection with the tribe of Judah.<\/p>","content_en":"<p><strong>2:21-23<\/strong> Some of the families of <em>Gilead<\/em><em>,<\/em> listed elsewhere as members of the tribe of Manasseh (cp. Num 32:39-42), also had a connection with the tribe of Judah.<\/p>","summary_ro":"2:21-23 Some of the families of Gilead, listed elsewhere as members of the tribe of Manasseh (cp. Num 32:39-42), also had a connection with the tribe of Judah.","summary_en":"2:21-23 Some of the families of Gilead, listed elsewhere as members of the tribe of Manasseh (cp. Num 32:39-42), also had a connection with the tribe of Judah.","source":"StudyNotes.xml","external_url":null,"has_map":false,"has_picture":false},{"id":75180,"type":"study_note","type_label":"Notă de studiu","type_icon":"📝","type_color":"#06b6d4","title_ro":"Notă de studiu: 1 Cronici 2:21","title_en":"Study Note: 1 Cronici 2:21","content_ro":"<p><strong>2:21-23<\/strong> Some of the families of <em>Gilead<\/em><em>,<\/em> listed elsewhere as members of the tribe of Manasseh (cp. Num 32:39-42), also had a connection with the tribe of Judah.<\/p>","content_en":"<p><strong>2:21-23<\/strong> Some of the families of <em>Gilead<\/em><em>,<\/em> listed elsewhere as members of the tribe of Manasseh (cp. Num 32:39-42), also had a connection with the tribe of Judah.<\/p>","summary_ro":"2:21-23 Some of the families of Gilead, listed elsewhere as members of the tribe of Manasseh (cp. Num 32:39-42), also had a connection with the tribe of Judah.","summary_en":"2:21-23 Some of the families of Gilead, listed elsewhere as members of the tribe of Manasseh (cp. Num 32:39-42), also had a connection with the tribe of Judah.","source":"StudyNotes.xml","external_url":null,"has_map":false,"has_picture":false},{"id":102806,"type":"study_note","type_label":"Notă de studiu","type_icon":"📝","type_color":"#06b6d4","title_ro":"Notă de studiu: 1 Cronici 2:21","title_en":"Study Note: 1 Cronici 2:21","content_ro":"<p><strong>2:21-23<\/strong> Some of the families of <em>Gilead<\/em><em>,<\/em> listed elsewhere as members of the tribe of Manasseh (cp. Num 32:39-42), also had a connection with the tribe of Judah.<\/p>","content_en":"<p><strong>2:21-23<\/strong> Some of the families of <em>Gilead<\/em><em>,<\/em> listed elsewhere as members of the tribe of Manasseh (cp. Num 32:39-42), also had a connection with the tribe of Judah.<\/p>","summary_ro":"2:21-23 Some of the families of Gilead, listed elsewhere as members of the tribe of Manasseh (cp. Num 32:39-42), also had a connection with the tribe of Judah.","summary_en":"2:21-23 Some of the families of Gilead, listed elsewhere as members of the tribe of Manasseh (cp. Num 32:39-42), also had a connection with the tribe of Judah.","source":"StudyNotes.xml","external_url":null,"has_map":false,"has_picture":false},{"id":130432,"type":"study_note","type_label":"Notă de studiu","type_icon":"📝","type_color":"#06b6d4","title_ro":"Notă de studiu: 1 Cronici 2:21","title_en":"Study Note: 1 Cronici 2:21","content_ro":"<p><strong>2:21-23<\/strong> Some of the families of <em>Gilead<\/em><em>,<\/em> listed elsewhere as members of the tribe of Manasseh (cp. Num 32:39-42), also had a connection with the tribe of Judah.<\/p>","content_en":"<p><strong>2:21-23<\/strong> Some of the families of <em>Gilead<\/em><em>,<\/em> listed elsewhere as members of the tribe of Manasseh (cp. Num 32:39-42), also had a connection with the tribe of Judah.<\/p>","summary_ro":"2:21-23 Some of the families of Gilead, listed elsewhere as members of the tribe of Manasseh (cp. Num 32:39-42), also had a connection with the tribe of Judah.","summary_en":"2:21-23 Some of the families of Gilead, listed elsewhere as members of the tribe of Manasseh (cp. Num 32:39-42), also had a connection with the tribe of Judah.","source":"StudyNotes.xml","external_url":null,"has_map":false,"has_picture":false}],"22":[{"id":15496,"type":"article","type_label":"Articol","type_icon":"📖","type_color":"#d4af37","title_ro":"Havoth-Jair*, Havvoth-Jair*","title_en":"Havoth-Jair*, Havvoth-Jair*","content_ro":"<h3>HAVOTH-JAIR*, HAVVOTH-JAIR*<\/h3>\n<p>Series of settlements on the edge of Bashan across the Jordan captured by Jair, according to Numbers 32:41 (<span>nlt<\/span> mg). Because of their location, they fell into the allotment of the half-tribe of Manasseh. The number of these villages is given in Joshua 13:29-30 as 60, and they are probably included in the cities and towns of 1 Chronicles 2:22-23, although only 23 cities are specified as belonging to Jair. The <span>kjv<\/span> rendering as “Bashan-havoth-jair” (Dt 3:14) makes the location as specific as in the Hebrew. In Judges 10:4, a judge named Jair had 30 sons who controlled 30 cities named Havvoth-jair. But he is obviously different from the Jair of Numbers 32:41. If his sons controlled only 30 settlements, he himself probably governed the remaining 30. In 1 Chronicles 2:21-24, which reflects a relationship between Judah and Manasseh, Jair was said to have 23 cities in Gilead when Geshur and Aram captured 60 towns from the tent settlements of Jair and Kenath and its dependencies. While the variant numbers present difficulties, the narrative itself may be the Chronicler’s way of indicating Judah’s sense of sovereignty over Gilead.<\/p>","content_en":"<h3>HAVOTH-JAIR*, HAVVOTH-JAIR*<\/h3>\n<p>Series of settlements on the edge of Bashan across the Jordan captured by Jair, according to Numbers 32:41 (<span>nlt<\/span> mg). Because of their location, they fell into the allotment of the half-tribe of Manasseh. The number of these villages is given in Joshua 13:29-30 as 60, and they are probably included in the cities and towns of 1 Chronicles 2:22-23, although only 23 cities are specified as belonging to Jair. The <span>kjv<\/span> rendering as “Bashan-havoth-jair” (Dt 3:14) makes the location as specific as in the Hebrew. In Judges 10:4, a judge named Jair had 30 sons who controlled 30 cities named Havvoth-jair. But he is obviously different from the Jair of Numbers 32:41. If his sons controlled only 30 settlements, he himself probably governed the remaining 30. In 1 Chronicles 2:21-24, which reflects a relationship between Judah and Manasseh, Jair was said to have 23 cities in Gilead when Geshur and Aram captured 60 towns from the tent settlements of Jair and Kenath and its dependencies. While the variant numbers present difficulties, the narrative itself may be the Chronicler’s way of indicating Judah’s sense of sovereignty over Gilead.<\/p>","summary_ro":"HAVOTH-JAIR*, HAVVOTH-JAIR* Series of settlements on the edge of Bashan across the Jordan captured by Jair, according to Numbers 32:41 (nlt mg). Because of their location, they fell into the allotment of the half-tribe of Manasseh. The number of these villages is given in Joshua 13:29-30 as 60, and they are probably included in the cities and towns of 1 Chronicles 2:22-23, although only 23 cities are specified as belonging to Jair. The kjv rendering as “Bashan-havoth-jair” (Dt 3:14) makes the...","summary_en":"HAVOTH-JAIR*, HAVVOTH-JAIR* Series of settlements on the edge of Bashan across the Jordan captured by Jair, according to Numbers 32:41 (nlt mg). Because of their location, they fell into the allotment of the half-tribe of Manasseh. The number of these villages is given in Joshua 13:29-30 as 60, and they are probably included in the cities and towns of 1 Chronicles 2:22-23, although only 23 cities are specified as belonging to Jair. The kjv rendering as “Bashan-havoth-jair” (Dt 3:14) makes the...","source":"Articles\/H.xml","external_url":null,"has_map":false,"has_picture":false}],"23":[{"id":13707,"type":"article","type_label":"Articol","type_icon":"📖","type_color":"#d4af37","title_ro":"Geshurites Geshur","title_en":"Geshurites Geshur","content_ro":"<h3>GESHUR, GESHURITES<\/h3>\n<li>1. District and its inhabitants east of the Jordan River, in the tribal allotment of the half-tribe of Manasseh (Jos 13:11). Most Bible geographers place it near Bashan, on the northeast shore of the Sea of Galilee. In their conquest of the land, the Israelites defeated Og, king of Bashan, and Jair of Manasseh took Bashan as far as the border of the Geshurites and Maacathites (Dt 3:14). Though the land of the Geshurites was given to the Transjordanian tribes (Jos 13:11), Israel did not drive them out (v 13). Later, Geshur and Aram took at least 60 towns from the Israelites in Transjordan (1 Chr 2:23).<\/li>\n<p>David married Maacah, daughter of Talmai, king of Geshur, and she bore Absalom (2 Sm 3:3; 1 Chr 3:2). After the vengeful murder of Amnon, Absalom fled to Geshur for refuge with his grandfather, Talmai (2 Sm 13:37) and stayed there three years.<\/p>\n<p><em>See also<\/em> Syria, Syrians.<\/p>\n<li>2. Name of an area and its people south of Philistia. Among the lands not yet taken at the time of Joshua’s advanced old age are listed “all the regions of the Philistines and Geshurites: from the Shihor River on the east of Egypt to the territory of Ekron on the north” (Jos 13:2-3, <span>niv<\/span>). When David lived at Ziklag, in the territory of Achish, king of Gath, David made raids upon the Geshurites and others “as far as Shur, to the land of Egypt” (1 Sm 27:8).<\/li>","content_en":"<h3>GESHUR, GESHURITES<\/h3>\n<li>1. District and its inhabitants east of the Jordan River, in the tribal allotment of the half-tribe of Manasseh (Jos 13:11). Most Bible geographers place it near Bashan, on the northeast shore of the Sea of Galilee. In their conquest of the land, the Israelites defeated Og, king of Bashan, and Jair of Manasseh took Bashan as far as the border of the Geshurites and Maacathites (Dt 3:14). Though the land of the Geshurites was given to the Transjordanian tribes (Jos 13:11), Israel did not drive them out (v 13). Later, Geshur and Aram took at least 60 towns from the Israelites in Transjordan (1 Chr 2:23).<\/li>\n<p>David married Maacah, daughter of Talmai, king of Geshur, and she bore Absalom (2 Sm 3:3; 1 Chr 3:2). After the vengeful murder of Amnon, Absalom fled to Geshur for refuge with his grandfather, Talmai (2 Sm 13:37) and stayed there three years.<\/p>\n<p><em>See also<\/em> Syria, Syrians.<\/p>\n<li>2. Name of an area and its people south of Philistia. Among the lands not yet taken at the time of Joshua’s advanced old age are listed “all the regions of the Philistines and Geshurites: from the Shihor River on the east of Egypt to the territory of Ekron on the north” (Jos 13:2-3, <span>niv<\/span>). When David lived at Ziklag, in the territory of Achish, king of Gath, David made raids upon the Geshurites and others “as far as Shur, to the land of Egypt” (1 Sm 27:8).<\/li>","summary_ro":"GESHUR, GESHURITES 1. District and its inhabitants east of the Jordan River, in the tribal allotment of the half-tribe of Manasseh (Jos 13:11). Most Bible geographers place it near Bashan, on the northeast shore of the Sea of Galilee. In their conquest of the land, the Israelites defeated Og, king of Bashan, and Jair of Manasseh took Bashan as far as the border of the Geshurites and Maacathites (Dt 3:14). Though the land of the Geshurites was given to the Transjordanian tribes (Jos 13:11), Is...","summary_en":"GESHUR, GESHURITES 1. District and its inhabitants east of the Jordan River, in the tribal allotment of the half-tribe of Manasseh (Jos 13:11). Most Bible geographers place it near Bashan, on the northeast shore of the Sea of Galilee. In their conquest of the land, the Israelites defeated Og, king of Bashan, and Jair of Manasseh took Bashan as far as the border of the Geshurites and Maacathites (Dt 3:14). Though the land of the Geshurites was given to the Transjordanian tribes (Jos 13:11), Is...","source":"Articles\/G.xml","external_url":null,"has_map":false,"has_picture":false},{"id":18343,"type":"article","type_label":"Articol","type_icon":"📖","type_color":"#d4af37","title_ro":"Jair","title_en":"Jair","content_ro":"<h3>JAIR<\/h3>\n<li>1. Descendant of Manasseh (Nm 32:41), who at the time of the Conquest took several villages in the Argob region of Bashan and Gilead and called them after his own name, Havvoth-jair, meaning “Towns of Jair” (Dt 3:14; cf. Jos 13:30; 1 Kgs 4:13; 1 Chr 2:23).<\/li>\n<p><em>See also<\/em> Havoth-jair, Havvoth-jair.<\/p>\n<li>2. One of the judges of Israel. He judged Israel 22 years. His being a Gileadite makes it probable that he was a descendant of #1 above (Jgs 10:3-5).<\/li>\n<li>3. Father of Elhanan, who killed Lahmi, Goliath’s brother (1 Chr 20:5). In 2 Samuel 21:19 he is called Jaare-oregim.<\/li>\n<li>4. Father of Mordecai (Est 2:5). Because of the time lapse from the capture of Jeconiah, king of Judah (597 <span>BC<\/span>), to the beginning of the reign of Xerxes, king of Persia (486 <span>BC<\/span>), Jair was either the one taken captive with Jeconiah or his father, Shimei, was, in which case Jair would have been born during the Captivity.<\/li>","content_en":"<h3>JAIR<\/h3>\n<li>1. Descendant of Manasseh (Nm 32:41), who at the time of the Conquest took several villages in the Argob region of Bashan and Gilead and called them after his own name, Havvoth-jair, meaning “Towns of Jair” (Dt 3:14; cf. Jos 13:30; 1 Kgs 4:13; 1 Chr 2:23).<\/li>\n<p><em>See also<\/em> Havoth-jair, Havvoth-jair.<\/p>\n<li>2. One of the judges of Israel. He judged Israel 22 years. His being a Gileadite makes it probable that he was a descendant of #1 above (Jgs 10:3-5).<\/li>\n<li>3. Father of Elhanan, who killed Lahmi, Goliath’s brother (1 Chr 20:5). In 2 Samuel 21:19 he is called Jaare-oregim.<\/li>\n<li>4. Father of Mordecai (Est 2:5). Because of the time lapse from the capture of Jeconiah, king of Judah (597 <span>BC<\/span>), to the beginning of the reign of Xerxes, king of Persia (486 <span>BC<\/span>), Jair was either the one taken captive with Jeconiah or his father, Shimei, was, in which case Jair would have been born during the Captivity.<\/li>","summary_ro":"JAIR 1. Descendant of Manasseh (Nm 32:41), who at the time of the Conquest took several villages in the Argob region of Bashan and Gilead and called them after his own name, Havvoth-jair, meaning “Towns of Jair” (Dt 3:14; cf. Jos 13:30; 1 Kgs 4:13; 1 Chr 2:23). See also Havoth-jair, Havvoth-jair. 2. One of the judges of Israel. He judged Israel 22 years. His being a Gileadite makes it probable that he was a descendant of #1 above (Jgs 10:3-5). 3. Father of Elhanan, who killed Lahmi, Goliath’s...","summary_en":"JAIR 1. Descendant of Manasseh (Nm 32:41), who at the time of the Conquest took several villages in the Argob region of Bashan and Gilead and called them after his own name, Havvoth-jair, meaning “Towns of Jair” (Dt 3:14; cf. Jos 13:30; 1 Kgs 4:13; 1 Chr 2:23). See also Havoth-jair, Havvoth-jair. 2. One of the judges of Israel. He judged Israel 22 years. His being a Gileadite makes it probable that he was a descendant of #1 above (Jgs 10:3-5). 3. Father of Elhanan, who killed Lahmi, Goliath’s...","source":"Articles\/J.xml","external_url":null,"has_map":false,"has_picture":false},{"id":21584,"type":"article","type_label":"Articol","type_icon":"📖","type_color":"#d4af37","title_ro":"Kenath","title_en":"Kenath","content_ro":"<h3>KENATH<\/h3>\n<p>Town in the Hauran taken by Nobah (Nm 32:42) but later lost to Geshur and Aram (1 Chr 2:23). It was a Canaanite city known from Egyptian execration texts of the 19th and 18th centuries <span>BC<\/span> and from the conquest by Thutmose III and the Amarna letters. In the Hellenistic period it became one of the cities of the Decapolis; Jewish returnees from Babylon had settled there, and the rabbis considered it a border town of the Promised Land. It was also called Kanatha.<\/p>\n<p><em>See also<\/em> Kanatha.<\/p>","content_en":"<h3>KENATH<\/h3>\n<p>Town in the Hauran taken by Nobah (Nm 32:42) but later lost to Geshur and Aram (1 Chr 2:23). It was a Canaanite city known from Egyptian execration texts of the 19th and 18th centuries <span>BC<\/span> and from the conquest by Thutmose III and the Amarna letters. In the Hellenistic period it became one of the cities of the Decapolis; Jewish returnees from Babylon had settled there, and the rabbis considered it a border town of the Promised Land. It was also called Kanatha.<\/p>\n<p><em>See also<\/em> Kanatha.<\/p>","summary_ro":"KENATH Town in the Hauran taken by Nobah (Nm 32:42) but later lost to Geshur and Aram (1 Chr 2:23). It was a Canaanite city known from Egyptian execration texts of the 19th and 18th centuries BC and from the conquest by Thutmose III and the Amarna letters. In the Hellenistic period it became one of the cities of the Decapolis; Jewish returnees from Babylon had settled there, and the rabbis considered it a border town of the Promised Land. It was also called Kanatha. See also Kanatha.","summary_en":"KENATH Town in the Hauran taken by Nobah (Nm 32:42) but later lost to Geshur and Aram (1 Chr 2:23). It was a Canaanite city known from Egyptian execration texts of the 19th and 18th centuries BC and from the conquest by Thutmose III and the Amarna letters. In the Hellenistic period it became one of the cities of the Decapolis; Jewish returnees from Babylon had settled there, and the rabbis considered it a border town of the Promised Land. It was also called Kanatha. See also Kanatha.","source":"Articles\/K.xml","external_url":null,"has_map":false,"has_picture":false}],"24":[{"id":115,"type":"article","type_label":"Articol","type_icon":"📖","type_color":"#d4af37","title_ro":"Abiah*","title_en":"Abiah*","content_ro":"<h3>ABIAH*<\/h3>\n<li>1. KJV translation for Abijah, Samuel’s son, in 1 Samuel 8:2 and 1 Chronicles 6:28. <em>See<\/em> Abijah #1.<\/li>\n<li>2. KJV translation of a Hebrew word in 1 Chronicles 2:24, which renders it as a proper name referring to the wife of Hezron. Most modern translations render it “his father”: “Caleb went in to Ephrathah, the wife of Hezron his father” (<span>rsv<\/span>). The Hebrew is difficult, with different textual families evidently preserving variant readings and thus accounting for the divergences between the versions.<\/li>\n<li>3. KJV translation for Abijah, Becher’s son, in 1 Chronicles 7:8. <em>See<\/em> Abijah #5.<\/li>","content_en":"<h3>ABIAH*<\/h3>\n<li>1. KJV translation for Abijah, Samuel’s son, in 1 Samuel 8:2 and 1 Chronicles 6:28. <em>See<\/em> Abijah #1.<\/li>\n<li>2. KJV translation of a Hebrew word in 1 Chronicles 2:24, which renders it as a proper name referring to the wife of Hezron. Most modern translations render it “his father”: “Caleb went in to Ephrathah, the wife of Hezron his father” (<span>rsv<\/span>). The Hebrew is difficult, with different textual families evidently preserving variant readings and thus accounting for the divergences between the versions.<\/li>\n<li>3. KJV translation for Abijah, Becher’s son, in 1 Chronicles 7:8. <em>See<\/em> Abijah #5.<\/li>","summary_ro":"ABIAH* 1. KJV translation for Abijah, Samuel’s son, in 1 Samuel 8:2 and 1 Chronicles 6:28. See Abijah #1. 2. KJV translation of a Hebrew word in 1 Chronicles 2:24, which renders it as a proper name referring to the wife of Hezron. Most modern translations render it “his father”: “Caleb went in to Ephrathah, the wife of Hezron his father” (rsv). The Hebrew is difficult, with different textual families evidently preserving variant readings and thus accounting for the divergences between the ver...","summary_en":"ABIAH* 1. KJV translation for Abijah, Samuel’s son, in 1 Samuel 8:2 and 1 Chronicles 6:28. See Abijah #1. 2. KJV translation of a Hebrew word in 1 Chronicles 2:24, which renders it as a proper name referring to the wife of Hezron. Most modern translations render it “his father”: “Caleb went in to Ephrathah, the wife of Hezron his father” (rsv). The Hebrew is difficult, with different textual families evidently preserving variant readings and thus accounting for the divergences between the ver...","source":"Articles\/A.xml","external_url":null,"has_map":false,"has_picture":false},{"id":2981,"type":"article","type_label":"Articol","type_icon":"📖","type_color":"#d4af37","title_ro":"Ashhur","title_en":"Ashhur","content_ro":"<h3>ASHHUR<\/h3>\n<p>Caleb’s son and Tekoa’s father (1 Chr 2:24; 4:5), or perhaps the founder of a village named Tekoa (2 Sm 14:1-3; Am 1:1).<\/p>","content_en":"<h3>ASHHUR<\/h3>\n<p>Caleb’s son and Tekoa’s father (1 Chr 2:24; 4:5), or perhaps the founder of a village named Tekoa (2 Sm 14:1-3; Am 1:1).<\/p>","summary_ro":"ASHHUR Caleb’s son and Tekoa’s father (1 Chr 2:24; 4:5), or perhaps the founder of a village named Tekoa (2 Sm 14:1-3; Am 1:1).","summary_en":"ASHHUR Caleb’s son and Tekoa’s father (1 Chr 2:24; 4:5), or perhaps the founder of a village named Tekoa (2 Sm 14:1-3; Am 1:1).","source":"Articles\/A.xml","external_url":null,"has_map":false,"has_picture":false},{"id":3018,"type":"article","type_label":"Articol","type_icon":"📖","type_color":"#d4af37","title_ro":"Ashur*","title_en":"Ashur*","content_ro":"<h3>ASHUR*<\/h3>\n<p>KJV form of Ashhur, Caleb’s son, in 1 Chronicles 2:24 and 4:5. <em>See<\/em> Ashhur (Person).<\/p>","content_en":"<h3>ASHUR*<\/h3>\n<p>KJV form of Ashhur, Caleb’s son, in 1 Chronicles 2:24 and 4:5. <em>See<\/em> Ashhur (Person).<\/p>","summary_ro":"ASHUR* KJV form of Ashhur, Caleb’s son, in 1 Chronicles 2:24 and 4:5. See Ashhur (Person).","summary_en":"ASHUR* KJV form of Ashhur, Caleb’s son, in 1 Chronicles 2:24 and 4:5. See Ashhur (Person).","source":"Articles\/A.xml","external_url":null,"has_map":false,"has_picture":false},{"id":5967,"type":"article","type_label":"Articol","type_icon":"📖","type_color":"#d4af37","title_ro":"Caleb-Ephrathah","title_en":"Caleb-Ephrathah","content_ro":"<h3>CALEB-EPHRATHAH<\/h3>\n<p>Possibly a Hebrew place-name (1 Chr 2:24, <span>kjv<\/span>, <span>nlt<\/span>). A number of modern translations follow the Septuagint (early Greek translation of the OT) in treating Ephrathah as the name of one of Caleb’s wives instead of a place.<\/p>","content_en":"<h3>CALEB-EPHRATHAH<\/h3>\n<p>Possibly a Hebrew place-name (1 Chr 2:24, <span>kjv<\/span>, <span>nlt<\/span>). A number of modern translations follow the Septuagint (early Greek translation of the OT) in treating Ephrathah as the name of one of Caleb’s wives instead of a place.<\/p>","summary_ro":"CALEB-EPHRATHAH Possibly a Hebrew place-name (1 Chr 2:24, kjv, nlt). A number of modern translations follow the Septuagint (early Greek translation of the OT) in treating Ephrathah as the name of one of Caleb’s wives instead of a place.","summary_en":"CALEB-EPHRATHAH Possibly a Hebrew place-name (1 Chr 2:24, kjv, nlt). A number of modern translations follow the Septuagint (early Greek translation of the OT) in treating Ephrathah as the name of one of Caleb’s wives instead of a place.","source":"Articles\/C.xml","external_url":null,"has_map":false,"has_picture":false},{"id":36884,"type":"article","type_label":"Articol","type_icon":"📖","type_color":"#d4af37","title_ro":"Tekoa, Tekoites*","title_en":"Tekoa, Tekoites*","content_ro":"<h3>TEKOA, TEKOITES*<\/h3>\n<p>City about six miles (9.7 kilometers) southeast of Bethlehem on the edge of the Judean desert, and its residents. Tekoa may also be the name of a person, the son of Ashur of Judah’s tribe; “father” could mean founder or leader of Tekoa (1 Chr 2:24; 4:5). Tekoa does not appear on the list of cities given to Judah (Jos 15). In an oracle predicting the siege of Judah, Jeremiah (Jer 6:1) makes a pun with the phrase “Sound the trumpet in Tekoa.” The Hebrew word for “sound” is spelled with the same consonants (but not vowels) as Tekoa.<\/p>\n<p>Tekoa is located on the high ground between two watersheds, both of which flow eastward to the Dead Sea. The southern slopes climb off to the upper reaches of the Nahal Arugot, which eventually comes out at En-gedi. The northern slopes are drained by the Nahal Darga. The ridge between them is the Ascent (or Pass) of Ziz (2 Chr 20:16). Because Tekoa lies between the desert and the town on the marginal land just east of the main north-south watershed, the area around it came to be known as the desert of Tekoa (2 Chr 20:20), a part of the larger desert of Judea. Tekoa marks the border where farming gives way to herding, explaining why Amos, a native of Tekoa, had two dimensions to his preprophetic career: a herdsman and a dresser of sycamore trees (Am 1:1; 7:14).<\/p>","content_en":"<h3>TEKOA, TEKOITES*<\/h3>\n<p>City about six miles (9.7 kilometers) southeast of Bethlehem on the edge of the Judean desert, and its residents. Tekoa may also be the name of a person, the son of Ashur of Judah’s tribe; “father” could mean founder or leader of Tekoa (1 Chr 2:24; 4:5). Tekoa does not appear on the list of cities given to Judah (Jos 15). In an oracle predicting the siege of Judah, Jeremiah (Jer 6:1) makes a pun with the phrase “Sound the trumpet in Tekoa.” The Hebrew word for “sound” is spelled with the same consonants (but not vowels) as Tekoa.<\/p>\n<p>Tekoa is located on the high ground between two watersheds, both of which flow eastward to the Dead Sea. The southern slopes climb off to the upper reaches of the Nahal Arugot, which eventually comes out at En-gedi. The northern slopes are drained by the Nahal Darga. The ridge between them is the Ascent (or Pass) of Ziz (2 Chr 20:16). Because Tekoa lies between the desert and the town on the marginal land just east of the main north-south watershed, the area around it came to be known as the desert of Tekoa (2 Chr 20:20), a part of the larger desert of Judea. Tekoa marks the border where farming gives way to herding, explaining why Amos, a native of Tekoa, had two dimensions to his preprophetic career: a herdsman and a dresser of sycamore trees (Am 1:1; 7:14).<\/p>","summary_ro":"TEKOA, TEKOITES* City about six miles (9.7 kilometers) southeast of Bethlehem on the edge of the Judean desert, and its residents. Tekoa may also be the name of a person, the son of Ashur of Judah’s tribe; “father” could mean founder or leader of Tekoa (1 Chr 2:24; 4:5). Tekoa does not appear on the list of cities given to Judah (Jos 15). In an oracle predicting the siege of Judah, Jeremiah (Jer 6:1) makes a pun with the phrase “Sound the trumpet in Tekoa.” The Hebrew word for “sound” is spel...","summary_en":"TEKOA, TEKOITES* City about six miles (9.7 kilometers) southeast of Bethlehem on the edge of the Judean desert, and its residents. Tekoa may also be the name of a person, the son of Ashur of Judah’s tribe; “father” could mean founder or leader of Tekoa (1 Chr 2:24; 4:5). Tekoa does not appear on the list of cities given to Judah (Jos 15). In an oracle predicting the siege of Judah, Jeremiah (Jer 6:1) makes a pun with the phrase “Sound the trumpet in Tekoa.” The Hebrew word for “sound” is spel...","source":"Articles\/T.xml","external_url":null,"has_map":false,"has_picture":false},{"id":47555,"type":"study_note","type_label":"Notă de studiu","type_icon":"📝","type_color":"#06b6d4","title_ro":"Notă de studiu: 1 Cronici 2:24","title_en":"Study Note: 1 Cronici 2:24","content_ro":"<p><strong>2:24<\/strong> <em>Tekoa<\/em> was a small Judean village southeast of Bethlehem (see also 4:5-8).<\/p>","content_en":"<p><strong>2:24<\/strong> <em>Tekoa<\/em> was a small Judean village southeast of Bethlehem (see also 4:5-8).<\/p>","summary_ro":"2:24 Tekoa was a small Judean village southeast of Bethlehem (see also 4:5-8).","summary_en":"2:24 Tekoa was a small Judean village southeast of Bethlehem (see also 4:5-8).","source":"StudyNotes.xml","external_url":null,"has_map":false,"has_picture":false},{"id":75181,"type":"study_note","type_label":"Notă de studiu","type_icon":"📝","type_color":"#06b6d4","title_ro":"Notă de studiu: 1 Cronici 2:24","title_en":"Study Note: 1 Cronici 2:24","content_ro":"<p><strong>2:24<\/strong> <em>Tekoa<\/em> was a small Judean village southeast of Bethlehem (see also 4:5-8).<\/p>","content_en":"<p><strong>2:24<\/strong> <em>Tekoa<\/em> was a small Judean village southeast of Bethlehem (see also 4:5-8).<\/p>","summary_ro":"2:24 Tekoa was a small Judean village southeast of Bethlehem (see also 4:5-8).","summary_en":"2:24 Tekoa was a small Judean village southeast of Bethlehem (see also 4:5-8).","source":"StudyNotes.xml","external_url":null,"has_map":false,"has_picture":false},{"id":102807,"type":"study_note","type_label":"Notă de studiu","type_icon":"📝","type_color":"#06b6d4","title_ro":"Notă de studiu: 1 Cronici 2:24","title_en":"Study Note: 1 Cronici 2:24","content_ro":"<p><strong>2:24<\/strong> <em>Tekoa<\/em> was a small Judean village southeast of Bethlehem (see also 4:5-8).<\/p>","content_en":"<p><strong>2:24<\/strong> <em>Tekoa<\/em> was a small Judean village southeast of Bethlehem (see also 4:5-8).<\/p>","summary_ro":"2:24 Tekoa was a small Judean village southeast of Bethlehem (see also 4:5-8).","summary_en":"2:24 Tekoa was a small Judean village southeast of Bethlehem (see also 4:5-8).","source":"StudyNotes.xml","external_url":null,"has_map":false,"has_picture":false},{"id":130433,"type":"study_note","type_label":"Notă de studiu","type_icon":"📝","type_color":"#06b6d4","title_ro":"Notă de studiu: 1 Cronici 2:24","title_en":"Study Note: 1 Cronici 2:24","content_ro":"<p><strong>2:24<\/strong> <em>Tekoa<\/em> was a small Judean village southeast of Bethlehem (see also 4:5-8).<\/p>","content_en":"<p><strong>2:24<\/strong> <em>Tekoa<\/em> was a small Judean village southeast of Bethlehem (see also 4:5-8).<\/p>","summary_ro":"2:24 Tekoa was a small Judean village southeast of Bethlehem (see also 4:5-8).","summary_en":"2:24 Tekoa was a small Judean village southeast of Bethlehem (see also 4:5-8).","source":"StudyNotes.xml","external_url":null,"has_map":false,"has_picture":false}],"25":[{"id":884,"type":"article","type_label":"Articol","type_icon":"📖","type_color":"#d4af37","title_ro":"Ahijah","title_en":"Ahijah","content_ro":"<h3>AHIJAH<\/h3>\n<li>1. Ahitub’s son who served as priest at Shiloh and had charge of the ark of the covenant at Gibeah during Saul’s last campaign (1 Sm 14:3, 18). This Ahijah was evidently either the same person as Ahimelech or closely associated with him (1 Sm 21:1-9; 22:9-20).<\/li>\n<li>2. One of King Solomon’s secretaries (1 Kgs 4:3).<\/li>\n<li>3. Prophet of Shiloh who informed King Solomon’s official, Jeroboam, of the approaching revolt of the 10 northern tribes. Before Solomon died, Ahijah acted out a prophecy before Jeroboam, giving him 10 pieces of his robe, which he had torn into 12 segments, saying that God would tear 10 tribes from Solomon and give them to Jeroboam (1 Kgs 11:29-39; 2 Chr 10:15). Later, when Jeroboam had been unfaithful to Israel’s religion, he sent his wife to ask the prophet about their son Abijah’s illness (1 Kgs 14:1-5). Aware of her identity although he was now old and blind, Ahijah predicted both the child’s death and the fall of Jeroboam and his family (1 Kgs 14:6-17; 15:28-30). “The Prophecy of Ahijah from Shiloh” was evidently a written source for Solomon’s biography (2 Chr 9:29).<\/li>\n<li>4. Father of King Baasha of the northern kingdom of Israel (1 Kgs 15:27-28, 33; 21:22; 2 Kgs 9:9).<\/li>\n<li>5. Jerahmeel’s son from Judah’s tribe (1 Chr 2:25).<\/li>\n<li>6. Ehud’s son (1 Chr 8:7). The Hebrew is difficult to translate; therefore, some English versions make Ahijah one of Ehud’s sons, while others make Ahijah the one who carried Ehud’s sons, Uzza and Ahihud, into exile.<\/li>\n<li>7. Warrior among David’s mighty men who were known as “the thirty” (1 Chr 11:36); also called Eliam the son of Ahithophel (2 Sm 23:34).<\/li>\n<li>8. Levite who oversaw King David’s temple treasury (1 Chr 26:20).<\/li>\n<li>9. Ancestor of the prophet Ezra (2 Esd 1:2).<\/li>","content_en":"<h3>AHIJAH<\/h3>\n<li>1. Ahitub’s son who served as priest at Shiloh and had charge of the ark of the covenant at Gibeah during Saul’s last campaign (1 Sm 14:3, 18). This Ahijah was evidently either the same person as Ahimelech or closely associated with him (1 Sm 21:1-9; 22:9-20).<\/li>\n<li>2. One of King Solomon’s secretaries (1 Kgs 4:3).<\/li>\n<li>3. Prophet of Shiloh who informed King Solomon’s official, Jeroboam, of the approaching revolt of the 10 northern tribes. Before Solomon died, Ahijah acted out a prophecy before Jeroboam, giving him 10 pieces of his robe, which he had torn into 12 segments, saying that God would tear 10 tribes from Solomon and give them to Jeroboam (1 Kgs 11:29-39; 2 Chr 10:15). Later, when Jeroboam had been unfaithful to Israel’s religion, he sent his wife to ask the prophet about their son Abijah’s illness (1 Kgs 14:1-5). Aware of her identity although he was now old and blind, Ahijah predicted both the child’s death and the fall of Jeroboam and his family (1 Kgs 14:6-17; 15:28-30). “The Prophecy of Ahijah from Shiloh” was evidently a written source for Solomon’s biography (2 Chr 9:29).<\/li>\n<li>4. Father of King Baasha of the northern kingdom of Israel (1 Kgs 15:27-28, 33; 21:22; 2 Kgs 9:9).<\/li>\n<li>5. Jerahmeel’s son from Judah’s tribe (1 Chr 2:25).<\/li>\n<li>6. Ehud’s son (1 Chr 8:7). The Hebrew is difficult to translate; therefore, some English versions make Ahijah one of Ehud’s sons, while others make Ahijah the one who carried Ehud’s sons, Uzza and Ahihud, into exile.<\/li>\n<li>7. Warrior among David’s mighty men who were known as “the thirty” (1 Chr 11:36); also called Eliam the son of Ahithophel (2 Sm 23:34).<\/li>\n<li>8. Levite who oversaw King David’s temple treasury (1 Chr 26:20).<\/li>\n<li>9. Ancestor of the prophet Ezra (2 Esd 1:2).<\/li>","summary_ro":"AHIJAH 1. Ahitub’s son who served as priest at Shiloh and had charge of the ark of the covenant at Gibeah during Saul’s last campaign (1 Sm 14:3, 18). This Ahijah was evidently either the same person as Ahimelech or closely associated with him (1 Sm 21:1-9; 22:9-20). 2. One of King Solomon’s secretaries (1 Kgs 4:3). 3. Prophet of Shiloh who informed King Solomon’s official, Jeroboam, of the approaching revolt of the 10 northern tribes. Before Solomon died, Ahijah acted out a prophecy before J...","summary_en":"AHIJAH 1. Ahitub’s son who served as priest at Shiloh and had charge of the ark of the covenant at Gibeah during Saul’s last campaign (1 Sm 14:3, 18). This Ahijah was evidently either the same person as Ahimelech or closely associated with him (1 Sm 21:1-9; 22:9-20). 2. One of King Solomon’s secretaries (1 Kgs 4:3). 3. Prophet of Shiloh who informed King Solomon’s official, Jeroboam, of the approaching revolt of the 10 northern tribes. Before Solomon died, Ahijah acted out a prophecy before J...","source":"Articles\/A.xml","external_url":null,"has_map":false,"has_picture":false},{"id":5819,"type":"article","type_label":"Articol","type_icon":"📖","type_color":"#d4af37","title_ro":"Bunah","title_en":"Bunah","content_ro":"<h3>BUNAH<\/h3>\n<p>Jerahmeel’s son from Judah’s tribe (1 Chr 2:25).<\/p>","content_en":"<h3>BUNAH<\/h3>\n<p>Jerahmeel’s son from Judah’s tribe (1 Chr 2:25).<\/p>","summary_ro":"BUNAH Jerahmeel’s son from Judah’s tribe (1 Chr 2:25).","summary_en":"BUNAH Jerahmeel’s son from Judah’s tribe (1 Chr 2:25).","source":"Articles\/B.xml","external_url":null,"has_map":false,"has_picture":false},{"id":28597,"type":"article","type_label":"Articol","type_icon":"📖","type_color":"#d4af37","title_ro":"Oren","title_en":"Oren","content_ro":"<h3>OREN<\/h3>\n<p>Descendant of Judah and the third son of Jerahmeel (1 Chr 2:25).<\/p>","content_en":"<h3>OREN<\/h3>\n<p>Descendant of Judah and the third son of Jerahmeel (1 Chr 2:25).<\/p>","summary_ro":"OREN Descendant of Judah and the third son of Jerahmeel (1 Chr 2:25).","summary_en":"OREN Descendant of Judah and the third son of Jerahmeel (1 Chr 2:25).","source":"Articles\/O.xml","external_url":null,"has_map":false,"has_picture":false},{"id":28690,"type":"article","type_label":"Articol","type_icon":"📖","type_color":"#d4af37","title_ro":"Ozem","title_en":"Ozem","content_ro":"<h3>OZEM<\/h3>\n<li>1. Sixth son of Jesse and a descendant of Hezron (1 Chr 2:15).<\/li>\n<li>2. Fourth son of Jerahmeel by his first wife (1 Chr 2:25).<\/li>","content_en":"<h3>OZEM<\/h3>\n<li>1. Sixth son of Jesse and a descendant of Hezron (1 Chr 2:15).<\/li>\n<li>2. Fourth son of Jerahmeel by his first wife (1 Chr 2:25).<\/li>","summary_ro":"OZEM 1. Sixth son of Jesse and a descendant of Hezron (1 Chr 2:15). 2. Fourth son of Jerahmeel by his first wife (1 Chr 2:25).","summary_en":"OZEM 1. Sixth son of Jesse and a descendant of Hezron (1 Chr 2:15). 2. Fourth son of Jerahmeel by his first wife (1 Chr 2:25).","source":"Articles\/O.xml","external_url":null,"has_map":false,"has_picture":false},{"id":32350,"type":"article","type_label":"Articol","type_icon":"📖","type_color":"#d4af37","title_ro":"Ram (Person)","title_en":"Ram (Person)","content_ro":"<h3>RAM (P<span>erson<\/span>)<\/h3>\n<li>1. Ancestor of King David (Ru 4:19; 1 Chr 2:9-10), listed in Matthew’s genealogy of Christ (Mt 1:3-4; called Arni in Lk 3:33). <em>See<\/em> Genealogy of Jesus Christ.<\/li>\n<li>2. Jerahmeel’s eldest son (1 Chr 2:25-27), and perhaps the nephew of #1 above.<\/li>\n<li>3. Head of the family of Elihu, one of Job’s friends (Jb 32:2).<\/li>","content_en":"<h3>RAM (P<span>erson<\/span>)<\/h3>\n<li>1. Ancestor of King David (Ru 4:19; 1 Chr 2:9-10), listed in Matthew’s genealogy of Christ (Mt 1:3-4; called Arni in Lk 3:33). <em>See<\/em> Genealogy of Jesus Christ.<\/li>\n<li>2. Jerahmeel’s eldest son (1 Chr 2:25-27), and perhaps the nephew of #1 above.<\/li>\n<li>3. Head of the family of Elihu, one of Job’s friends (Jb 32:2).<\/li>","summary_ro":"RAM (Person) 1. Ancestor of King David (Ru 4:19; 1 Chr 2:9-10), listed in Matthew’s genealogy of Christ (Mt 1:3-4; called Arni in Lk 3:33). See Genealogy of Jesus Christ. 2. Jerahmeel’s eldest son (1 Chr 2:25-27), and perhaps the nephew of #1 above. 3. Head of the family of Elihu, one of Job’s friends (Jb 32:2).","summary_en":"RAM (Person) 1. Ancestor of King David (Ru 4:19; 1 Chr 2:9-10), listed in Matthew’s genealogy of Christ (Mt 1:3-4; called Arni in Lk 3:33). See Genealogy of Jesus Christ. 2. Jerahmeel’s eldest son (1 Chr 2:25-27), and perhaps the nephew of #1 above. 3. Head of the family of Elihu, one of Job’s friends (Jb 32:2).","source":"Articles\/R.xml","external_url":null,"has_map":false,"has_picture":false},{"id":35023,"type":"article","type_label":"Articol","type_icon":"📖","type_color":"#d4af37","title_ro":"Sheshan","title_en":"Sheshan","content_ro":"<h3>SHESHAN<\/h3>\n<p>Descendant of Judah through Jerahmeel, whose family line is traced in 1 Chronicles 2:25-41 to Elishama, evidently a contemporary of the writer. In verse 31 Sheshan’s son Ahlai is named, but verse 34 says that Sheshan had no sons. Perhaps two men of the same name are denoted here, or Ahlai may be identical with Attai, Sheshan’s grandson.<\/p>","content_en":"<h3>SHESHAN<\/h3>\n<p>Descendant of Judah through Jerahmeel, whose family line is traced in 1 Chronicles 2:25-41 to Elishama, evidently a contemporary of the writer. In verse 31 Sheshan’s son Ahlai is named, but verse 34 says that Sheshan had no sons. Perhaps two men of the same name are denoted here, or Ahlai may be identical with Attai, Sheshan’s grandson.<\/p>","summary_ro":"SHESHAN Descendant of Judah through Jerahmeel, whose family line is traced in 1 Chronicles 2:25-41 to Elishama, evidently a contemporary of the writer. In verse 31 Sheshan’s son Ahlai is named, but verse 34 says that Sheshan had no sons. Perhaps two men of the same name are denoted here, or Ahlai may be identical with Attai, Sheshan’s grandson.","summary_en":"SHESHAN Descendant of Judah through Jerahmeel, whose family line is traced in 1 Chronicles 2:25-41 to Elishama, evidently a contemporary of the writer. In verse 31 Sheshan’s son Ahlai is named, but verse 34 says that Sheshan had no sons. Perhaps two men of the same name are denoted here, or Ahlai may be identical with Attai, Sheshan’s grandson.","source":"Articles\/S.xml","external_url":null,"has_map":false,"has_picture":false}],"26":[{"id":3128,"type":"article","type_label":"Articol","type_icon":"📖","type_color":"#d4af37","title_ro":"Atarah","title_en":"Atarah","content_ro":"<h3>ATARAH<\/h3>\n<p>Onam’s mother and second wife of Jerahmeel (1 Chr 2:26).<\/p>","content_en":"<h3>ATARAH<\/h3>\n<p>Onam’s mother and second wife of Jerahmeel (1 Chr 2:26).<\/p>","summary_ro":"ATARAH Onam’s mother and second wife of Jerahmeel (1 Chr 2:26).","summary_en":"ATARAH Onam’s mother and second wife of Jerahmeel (1 Chr 2:26).","source":"Articles\/A.xml","external_url":null,"has_map":false,"has_picture":false},{"id":26826,"type":"article","type_label":"Articol","type_icon":"📖","type_color":"#d4af37","title_ro":"Nadab","title_en":"Nadab","content_ro":"<h3>NADAB<\/h3>\n<li>1. Eldest son of Aaron and Elisheba, the daughter of Amminadab (Ex 6:23; Nm 3:2; 1 Chr 24:1), who became one of Israel’s first priests together with his brothers and father. He participated in the ratification of the covenant with God on Mt Sinai (Ex 24:1, 9) and was ordained to the priesthood (28:1).<\/li>\n<p>Nadab and his brother Abihu, Aaron’s second son, died because they offered “strange fire” to the Lord (Lv 10:1-2; Nm 3:4; 1 Chr 24:2). Incense offered in the morning usually preceded the cutting up of the sacrifice. In this case “fire from the Lord devoured them.” The offering of “strange fire” does not appear anywhere else in the Bible.<\/p>\n<p>Rabbis have offered various explanations of the offense committed by Nadab and Abihu. Since an admonition against drinking wine in the tent of meeting follows this tragedy (Lv 10:9), an early tradition held that the brothers were drunk. Death was the penalty for any priest drinking in this sacred tent.<\/p>\n<p>An interesting point arises in the instructions that Moses gave to the grieving father of Nadab and Abihu. Moses exhorted Aaron not to mourn or to interrupt his priestly functions. Since Aaron had been sanctified by the sacred anointing oil, he had to continue serving God. He was not allowed to go out of the door of the tent “lest he die.” Instead, the rest of Israel mourned for Nadab and Abihu (Lv 10:3-7).<\/p>\n<li>2. Son of Jeroboam, whom he succeeded to the throne of Israel (909–908 <span>BC<\/span>). Nadab ruled two years (1 Kgs 14:20; 15:25), coming to power in the second year of Asa’s reign in Judah; he was succeeded in the third year of Asa’s reign (15:28). His rule may have been arranged before the death of Jeroboam, for he surely recognized the dangers of the charismatic ideal that continued among the northern tribes. However, Nadab was not successful in stabilizing the kingdom. To gain the acclamation of the army, he went into battle against the Philistines at Gibbethon, about two and a half miles (4 kilometers) southwest of Gezer. Baasha from the tribe of Issachar, presumably a military officer, assassinated Nadab and all his sons and usurped the throne. So he fulfilled the prophecy predicted by Ahijah the Shilonite against the house of Jeroboam (v 29).<\/li>\n<li>3. Jerahmeelite, the son of Shammai and grandson of Onam, and the great-grandson of Jerahmeel. Nadab in turn had two sons, Seled and Appaim (1 Chr 2:26-30).<\/li>\n<li>4. Son of Jeiel and Maacah, a Gibeonite (1 Chr 8:30; 9:36).<\/li>","content_en":"<h3>NADAB<\/h3>\n<li>1. Eldest son of Aaron and Elisheba, the daughter of Amminadab (Ex 6:23; Nm 3:2; 1 Chr 24:1), who became one of Israel’s first priests together with his brothers and father. He participated in the ratification of the covenant with God on Mt Sinai (Ex 24:1, 9) and was ordained to the priesthood (28:1).<\/li>\n<p>Nadab and his brother Abihu, Aaron’s second son, died because they offered “strange fire” to the Lord (Lv 10:1-2; Nm 3:4; 1 Chr 24:2). Incense offered in the morning usually preceded the cutting up of the sacrifice. In this case “fire from the Lord devoured them.” The offering of “strange fire” does not appear anywhere else in the Bible.<\/p>\n<p>Rabbis have offered various explanations of the offense committed by Nadab and Abihu. Since an admonition against drinking wine in the tent of meeting follows this tragedy (Lv 10:9), an early tradition held that the brothers were drunk. Death was the penalty for any priest drinking in this sacred tent.<\/p>\n<p>An interesting point arises in the instructions that Moses gave to the grieving father of Nadab and Abihu. Moses exhorted Aaron not to mourn or to interrupt his priestly functions. Since Aaron had been sanctified by the sacred anointing oil, he had to continue serving God. He was not allowed to go out of the door of the tent “lest he die.” Instead, the rest of Israel mourned for Nadab and Abihu (Lv 10:3-7).<\/p>\n<li>2. Son of Jeroboam, whom he succeeded to the throne of Israel (909–908 <span>BC<\/span>). Nadab ruled two years (1 Kgs 14:20; 15:25), coming to power in the second year of Asa’s reign in Judah; he was succeeded in the third year of Asa’s reign (15:28). His rule may have been arranged before the death of Jeroboam, for he surely recognized the dangers of the charismatic ideal that continued among the northern tribes. However, Nadab was not successful in stabilizing the kingdom. To gain the acclamation of the army, he went into battle against the Philistines at Gibbethon, about two and a half miles (4 kilometers) southwest of Gezer. Baasha from the tribe of Issachar, presumably a military officer, assassinated Nadab and all his sons and usurped the throne. So he fulfilled the prophecy predicted by Ahijah the Shilonite against the house of Jeroboam (v 29).<\/li>\n<li>3. Jerahmeelite, the son of Shammai and grandson of Onam, and the great-grandson of Jerahmeel. Nadab in turn had two sons, Seled and Appaim (1 Chr 2:26-30).<\/li>\n<li>4. Son of Jeiel and Maacah, a Gibeonite (1 Chr 8:30; 9:36).<\/li>","summary_ro":"NADAB 1. Eldest son of Aaron and Elisheba, the daughter of Amminadab (Ex 6:23; Nm 3:2; 1 Chr 24:1), who became one of Israel’s first priests together with his brothers and father. He participated in the ratification of the covenant with God on Mt Sinai (Ex 24:1, 9) and was ordained to the priesthood (28:1). Nadab and his brother Abihu, Aaron’s second son, died because they offered “strange fire” to the Lord (Lv 10:1-2; Nm 3:4; 1 Chr 24:2). Incense offered in the morning usually preceded the c...","summary_en":"NADAB 1. Eldest son of Aaron and Elisheba, the daughter of Amminadab (Ex 6:23; Nm 3:2; 1 Chr 24:1), who became one of Israel’s first priests together with his brothers and father. He participated in the ratification of the covenant with God on Mt Sinai (Ex 24:1, 9) and was ordained to the priesthood (28:1). Nadab and his brother Abihu, Aaron’s second son, died because they offered “strange fire” to the Lord (Lv 10:1-2; Nm 3:4; 1 Chr 24:2). Incense offered in the morning usually preceded the c...","source":"Articles\/N.xml","external_url":null,"has_map":false,"has_picture":false},{"id":28457,"type":"article","type_label":"Articol","type_icon":"📖","type_color":"#d4af37","title_ro":"Onam","title_en":"Onam","content_ro":"<h3>ONAM<\/h3>\n<li>1. Grandson of Seir and Shobal’s fifth son (Gn 36:23; 1 Chr 1:40).<\/li>\n<li>2. Son of Jerahmeel and Atarah, the father of a clan in Judah (1 Chr 2:26-28).<\/li>","content_en":"<h3>ONAM<\/h3>\n<li>1. Grandson of Seir and Shobal’s fifth son (Gn 36:23; 1 Chr 1:40).<\/li>\n<li>2. Son of Jerahmeel and Atarah, the father of a clan in Judah (1 Chr 2:26-28).<\/li>","summary_ro":"ONAM 1. Grandson of Seir and Shobal’s fifth son (Gn 36:23; 1 Chr 1:40). 2. Son of Jerahmeel and Atarah, the father of a clan in Judah (1 Chr 2:26-28).","summary_en":"ONAM 1. Grandson of Seir and Shobal’s fifth son (Gn 36:23; 1 Chr 1:40). 2. Son of Jerahmeel and Atarah, the father of a clan in Judah (1 Chr 2:26-28).","source":"Articles\/O.xml","external_url":null,"has_map":false,"has_picture":false}],"27":[{"id":10202,"type":"article","type_label":"Articol","type_icon":"📖","type_color":"#d4af37","title_ro":"Eker","title_en":"Eker","content_ro":"<h3>EKER<\/h3>\n<p>Jerahmeelite and the son of Ram from Judah’s tribe (1 Chr 2:27).<\/p>","content_en":"<h3>EKER<\/h3>\n<p>Jerahmeelite and the son of Ram from Judah’s tribe (1 Chr 2:27).<\/p>","summary_ro":"EKER Jerahmeelite and the son of Ram from Judah’s tribe (1 Chr 2:27).","summary_en":"EKER Jerahmeelite and the son of Ram from Judah’s tribe (1 Chr 2:27).","source":"Articles\/E.xml","external_url":null,"has_map":false,"has_picture":false},{"id":18484,"type":"article","type_label":"Articol","type_icon":"📖","type_color":"#d4af37","title_ro":"Jamin","title_en":"Jamin","content_ro":"<h3>JAMIN<\/h3>\n<li>1. Simeon’s son (Gn 46:10; Ex 6:15; 1 Chr 4:24) and founder of the Jaminite family (Nm 26:12).<\/li>\n<li>2. Ram’s son from Judah’s tribe (1 Chr 2:27).<\/li>\n<li>3. One of the men (perhaps a Levite) who taught and explained the law to the people following Ezra’s public reading (Neh 8:7).<\/li>","content_en":"<h3>JAMIN<\/h3>\n<li>1. Simeon’s son (Gn 46:10; Ex 6:15; 1 Chr 4:24) and founder of the Jaminite family (Nm 26:12).<\/li>\n<li>2. Ram’s son from Judah’s tribe (1 Chr 2:27).<\/li>\n<li>3. One of the men (perhaps a Levite) who taught and explained the law to the people following Ezra’s public reading (Neh 8:7).<\/li>","summary_ro":"JAMIN 1. Simeon’s son (Gn 46:10; Ex 6:15; 1 Chr 4:24) and founder of the Jaminite family (Nm 26:12). 2. Ram’s son from Judah’s tribe (1 Chr 2:27). 3. One of the men (perhaps a Levite) who taught and explained the law to the people following Ezra’s public reading (Neh 8:7).","summary_en":"JAMIN 1. Simeon’s son (Gn 46:10; Ex 6:15; 1 Chr 4:24) and founder of the Jaminite family (Nm 26:12). 2. Ram’s son from Judah’s tribe (1 Chr 2:27). 3. One of the men (perhaps a Levite) who taught and explained the law to the people following Ezra’s public reading (Neh 8:7).","source":"Articles\/J.xml","external_url":null,"has_map":false,"has_picture":false},{"id":23783,"type":"article","type_label":"Articol","type_icon":"📖","type_color":"#d4af37","title_ro":"Maaz","title_en":"Maaz","content_ro":"<h3>MAAZ<\/h3>\n<p>Ram’s son from Judah’s tribe (1 Chr 2:27).<\/p>","content_en":"<h3>MAAZ<\/h3>\n<p>Ram’s son from Judah’s tribe (1 Chr 2:27).<\/p>","summary_ro":"MAAZ Ram’s son from Judah’s tribe (1 Chr 2:27).","summary_en":"MAAZ Ram’s son from Judah’s tribe (1 Chr 2:27).","source":"Articles\/M.xml","external_url":null,"has_map":false,"has_picture":false},{"id":35430,"type":"article","type_label":"Articol","type_icon":"📖","type_color":"#d4af37","title_ro":"Tribe of Simeon","title_en":"Tribe of Simeon","content_ro":"<h3>SIMEON, Tribe of<\/h3>\n<p>One of the 12 tribes of Israel descended from Jacob’s second son. Because of Simeon’s evil deed at Shechem, Jacob foretold that Simeon’s descendants would be dispersed among the other tribes of Israel (Gn 49:7).<\/p>\n<p>According to the book of Joshua, Simeon’s inheritance was included in Judah’s territory (Jos 19:1, 9). Judges 1:3 points to a close bond between the tribes of Simeon and Judah—they march and fight together as brothers to establish themselves in Canaan. In addition, the list of Levitical towns included Simeon’s with Judah’s (Jos 21:9-16). Inevitably, then, the Simeonites were linked to the kingdom of Judah throughout the period of the monarchy, and its tribal destiny was tied to that of the southern division of the divided monarchy. However, in spite of their minor inheritance within Judah’s tribe, the Simeonites were able to preserve to some extent their own tribal identity, unity, and traditions, as indicated by the keeping of genealogical records, even to the days of Hezekiah, king of Judah (1 Chr 4:24-42).<\/p>\n<p>During Hezekiah’s reign, Simeonites took possession of and settled the Arab areas of Seir (1 Chr 4:24-43) and perhaps the hill country of Ephraim (2 Chr 15:9). Although Simeon was Jacob’s second-oldest son, his progeny never achieved a position of prominence in Israel, either before or after the conquest and occupation of Canaan. For example, the tribe apparently provided no judges, and the Song of Deborah contains no references to this group (see Jgs 5). According to 1 Chronicles 4:28-33, Simeon’s tribe settled in the southern extremes of Canaan (called the Negev in Hebrew)—an extensive region, consisting largely of dry, parched land, but with an annual rainfall and perennial springs that ensured fertility in the early summer. This explains why Simeon’s territory is also called “the Negev of Judah,” a phrase that serves to differentiate them from other racial groups occupying parts of southern Canaan (1 Sm 27:10; 30:14; 2 Sm 24:7).<\/p>\n<p>The genealogies of the Simeonites reveal a certain amount of intermarriage with other Israelite tribes and, indeed, with non-Israelites as well. Shaul, Simeon’s son, was the son of a Canaanite woman (Gn 46:10; Ex 6:15). Two of Simeon’s sons (1 Chr 4:25) bear names of Ishmael’s sons (Gn 25:13-14; 1 Chr 1:29-30), and Jamin (Gn 46:10; Ex 6:15) was a descendant of Ram (1 Chr 2:27).<\/p>\n<p>In the NT, Simeon’s tribe appears seventh in the list of the tribes who are sealed by God (Rv 7:7).<\/p>","content_en":"<h3>SIMEON, Tribe of<\/h3>\n<p>One of the 12 tribes of Israel descended from Jacob’s second son. Because of Simeon’s evil deed at Shechem, Jacob foretold that Simeon’s descendants would be dispersed among the other tribes of Israel (Gn 49:7).<\/p>\n<p>According to the book of Joshua, Simeon’s inheritance was included in Judah’s territory (Jos 19:1, 9). Judges 1:3 points to a close bond between the tribes of Simeon and Judah—they march and fight together as brothers to establish themselves in Canaan. In addition, the list of Levitical towns included Simeon’s with Judah’s (Jos 21:9-16). Inevitably, then, the Simeonites were linked to the kingdom of Judah throughout the period of the monarchy, and its tribal destiny was tied to that of the southern division of the divided monarchy. However, in spite of their minor inheritance within Judah’s tribe, the Simeonites were able to preserve to some extent their own tribal identity, unity, and traditions, as indicated by the keeping of genealogical records, even to the days of Hezekiah, king of Judah (1 Chr 4:24-42).<\/p>\n<p>During Hezekiah’s reign, Simeonites took possession of and settled the Arab areas of Seir (1 Chr 4:24-43) and perhaps the hill country of Ephraim (2 Chr 15:9). Although Simeon was Jacob’s second-oldest son, his progeny never achieved a position of prominence in Israel, either before or after the conquest and occupation of Canaan. For example, the tribe apparently provided no judges, and the Song of Deborah contains no references to this group (see Jgs 5). According to 1 Chronicles 4:28-33, Simeon’s tribe settled in the southern extremes of Canaan (called the Negev in Hebrew)—an extensive region, consisting largely of dry, parched land, but with an annual rainfall and perennial springs that ensured fertility in the early summer. This explains why Simeon’s territory is also called “the Negev of Judah,” a phrase that serves to differentiate them from other racial groups occupying parts of southern Canaan (1 Sm 27:10; 30:14; 2 Sm 24:7).<\/p>\n<p>The genealogies of the Simeonites reveal a certain amount of intermarriage with other Israelite tribes and, indeed, with non-Israelites as well. Shaul, Simeon’s son, was the son of a Canaanite woman (Gn 46:10; Ex 6:15). Two of Simeon’s sons (1 Chr 4:25) bear names of Ishmael’s sons (Gn 25:13-14; 1 Chr 1:29-30), and Jamin (Gn 46:10; Ex 6:15) was a descendant of Ram (1 Chr 2:27).<\/p>\n<p>In the NT, Simeon’s tribe appears seventh in the list of the tribes who are sealed by God (Rv 7:7).<\/p>","summary_ro":"SIMEON, Tribe of One of the 12 tribes of Israel descended from Jacob’s second son. Because of Simeon’s evil deed at Shechem, Jacob foretold that Simeon’s descendants would be dispersed among the other tribes of Israel (Gn 49:7). According to the book of Joshua, Simeon’s inheritance was included in Judah’s territory (Jos 19:1, 9). Judges 1:3 points to a close bond between the tribes of Simeon and Judah—they march and fight together as brothers to establish themselves in Canaan. In addition, th...","summary_en":"SIMEON, Tribe of One of the 12 tribes of Israel descended from Jacob’s second son. Because of Simeon’s evil deed at Shechem, Jacob foretold that Simeon’s descendants would be dispersed among the other tribes of Israel (Gn 49:7). According to the book of Joshua, Simeon’s inheritance was included in Judah’s territory (Jos 19:1, 9). Judges 1:3 points to a close bond between the tribes of Simeon and Judah—they march and fight together as brothers to establish themselves in Canaan. In addition, th...","source":"Articles\/S.xml","external_url":null,"has_map":false,"has_picture":false}],"28":[{"id":246,"type":"article","type_label":"Articol","type_icon":"📖","type_color":"#d4af37","title_ro":"Abishur","title_en":"Abishur","content_ro":"<h3>ABISHUR<\/h3>\n<p>Shammai’s son and the father of Ahban and Molid from Judah’s tribe. Abishur’s wife was Abihail (1 Chr 2:28-29).<\/p>","content_en":"<h3>ABISHUR<\/h3>\n<p>Shammai’s son and the father of Ahban and Molid from Judah’s tribe. Abishur’s wife was Abihail (1 Chr 2:28-29).<\/p>","summary_ro":"ABISHUR Shammai’s son and the father of Ahban and Molid from Judah’s tribe. Abishur’s wife was Abihail (1 Chr 2:28-29).","summary_en":"ABISHUR Shammai’s son and the father of Ahban and Molid from Judah’s tribe. Abishur’s wife was Abihail (1 Chr 2:28-29).","source":"Articles\/A.xml","external_url":null,"has_map":false,"has_picture":false},{"id":18297,"type":"article","type_label":"Articol","type_icon":"📖","type_color":"#d4af37","title_ro":"Jade*","title_en":"Jade*","content_ro":"<h3>JADE*<\/h3>\n<p>Onam’s son from Judah’s tribe (1 Chr 2:28, 32).<\/p>","content_en":"<h3>JADE*<\/h3>\n<p>Onam’s son from Judah’s tribe (1 Chr 2:28, 32).<\/p>","summary_ro":"JADE* Onam’s son from Judah’s tribe (1 Chr 2:28, 32).","summary_en":"JADE* Onam’s son from Judah’s tribe (1 Chr 2:28, 32).","source":"Articles\/J.xml","external_url":null,"has_map":false,"has_picture":false},{"id":34633,"type":"article","type_label":"Articol","type_icon":"📖","type_color":"#d4af37","title_ro":"Shammai","title_en":"Shammai","content_ro":"<h3>SHAMMAI<\/h3>\n<li>1. Onam’s son, brother of Jada and the father of Nadab and Abishur from Judah’s tribe (1 Chr 2:28, 32).<\/li>\n<li>2. Rekem’s son and the father of Maon from Caleb’s house (1 Chr 2:44-45).<\/li>\n<li>3. Mered’s son by Bithiah, Pharaoh’s daughter, and a descendant of Caleb (1 Chr 4:17-18).<\/li>\n<li>4. Prominent rabbi whose life spanned the period 50 <span>BC<\/span> to <span>AD<\/span> 30. His name is most frequently coupled with that of his equally famous contemporary, Hillel, who was president of the Sanhedrin while Shammai was vice-president. Shammai had the reputation for being strict and rigid in his application of the law and severely literal in his interpretation of the Scriptures, while Hillel was more liberal and humane in applying the law and more imaginative in the use of the Scriptures. Shammai was renowned for his hatred of Roman domination and tried to forbid Jewish people from buying food or drink from Gentiles.<\/li>\n<p>Two schools of interpretation followed these two contemporaries—“the house of Shammai” and “the house of Hillel”—continuing to the time of the compilation of the Mishnah, though the house of Hillel seems to have gradually gained ascendancy over the house of Shammai. The debates and conversations between the two rabbis or the two schools are recorded in the Mishnah and the Talmud, pertaining to such matters as offerings, priestly dues, tithes, Levitical cleanness and uncleanness, the observance of the Sabbath, marriage and divorce.<\/p>\n<p><em>See also<\/em> Hillel; Judaism; Pharisees; Talmud.<\/p>","content_en":"<h3>SHAMMAI<\/h3>\n<li>1. Onam’s son, brother of Jada and the father of Nadab and Abishur from Judah’s tribe (1 Chr 2:28, 32).<\/li>\n<li>2. Rekem’s son and the father of Maon from Caleb’s house (1 Chr 2:44-45).<\/li>\n<li>3. Mered’s son by Bithiah, Pharaoh’s daughter, and a descendant of Caleb (1 Chr 4:17-18).<\/li>\n<li>4. Prominent rabbi whose life spanned the period 50 <span>BC<\/span> to <span>AD<\/span> 30. His name is most frequently coupled with that of his equally famous contemporary, Hillel, who was president of the Sanhedrin while Shammai was vice-president. Shammai had the reputation for being strict and rigid in his application of the law and severely literal in his interpretation of the Scriptures, while Hillel was more liberal and humane in applying the law and more imaginative in the use of the Scriptures. Shammai was renowned for his hatred of Roman domination and tried to forbid Jewish people from buying food or drink from Gentiles.<\/li>\n<p>Two schools of interpretation followed these two contemporaries—“the house of Shammai” and “the house of Hillel”—continuing to the time of the compilation of the Mishnah, though the house of Hillel seems to have gradually gained ascendancy over the house of Shammai. The debates and conversations between the two rabbis or the two schools are recorded in the Mishnah and the Talmud, pertaining to such matters as offerings, priestly dues, tithes, Levitical cleanness and uncleanness, the observance of the Sabbath, marriage and divorce.<\/p>\n<p><em>See also<\/em> Hillel; Judaism; Pharisees; Talmud.<\/p>","summary_ro":"SHAMMAI 1. Onam’s son, brother of Jada and the father of Nadab and Abishur from Judah’s tribe (1 Chr 2:28, 32). 2. Rekem’s son and the father of Maon from Caleb’s house (1 Chr 2:44-45). 3. Mered’s son by Bithiah, Pharaoh’s daughter, and a descendant of Caleb (1 Chr 4:17-18). 4. Prominent rabbi whose life spanned the period 50 BC to AD 30. His name is most frequently coupled with that of his equally famous contemporary, Hillel, who was president of the Sanhedrin while Shammai was vice-presiden...","summary_en":"SHAMMAI 1. Onam’s son, brother of Jada and the father of Nadab and Abishur from Judah’s tribe (1 Chr 2:28, 32). 2. Rekem’s son and the father of Maon from Caleb’s house (1 Chr 2:44-45). 3. Mered’s son by Bithiah, Pharaoh’s daughter, and a descendant of Caleb (1 Chr 4:17-18). 4. Prominent rabbi whose life spanned the period 50 BC to AD 30. His name is most frequently coupled with that of his equally famous contemporary, Hillel, who was president of the Sanhedrin while Shammai was vice-presiden...","source":"Articles\/S.xml","external_url":null,"has_map":false,"has_picture":false}],"29":[{"id":162,"type":"article","type_label":"Articol","type_icon":"📖","type_color":"#d4af37","title_ro":"Abihail","title_en":"Abihail","content_ro":"<h3>ABIHAIL<\/h3>\n<p>Name used for both men and women in the OT.<\/p>\n<p>1. Zuriel’s father and a leader of the Merari family of Levites in Israel’s wilderness community (Nm 3:35).<\/p>\n<li>2. Abishur’s wife, and mother of Ahban and Molid (1 Chr 2:29).<\/li>\n<li>3. Huri’s son, a descendant of Gad, living in Gilead and Bashan (1 Chr 5:14).<\/li>\n<li>4. Woman named in 2 Chronicles 11:18 whose relationship to King Rehoboam is not clear from the Hebrew text. In some translations, Abihail seems to be the second wife of Rehoboam. However, only one wife is mentioned at first, so Abihail was probably the mother of Rehoboam’s first wife, Mahalath. This Abihail was thus a daughter of Eliab, David’s eldest brother. She married her cousin Jerimoth, one of David’s sons.<\/li>\n<li>5. Esther’s father, and uncle of Mordecai (Est 2:15; 9:29).<\/li>","content_en":"<h3>ABIHAIL<\/h3>\n<p>Name used for both men and women in the OT.<\/p>\n<p>1. Zuriel’s father and a leader of the Merari family of Levites in Israel’s wilderness community (Nm 3:35).<\/p>\n<li>2. Abishur’s wife, and mother of Ahban and Molid (1 Chr 2:29).<\/li>\n<li>3. Huri’s son, a descendant of Gad, living in Gilead and Bashan (1 Chr 5:14).<\/li>\n<li>4. Woman named in 2 Chronicles 11:18 whose relationship to King Rehoboam is not clear from the Hebrew text. In some translations, Abihail seems to be the second wife of Rehoboam. However, only one wife is mentioned at first, so Abihail was probably the mother of Rehoboam’s first wife, Mahalath. This Abihail was thus a daughter of Eliab, David’s eldest brother. She married her cousin Jerimoth, one of David’s sons.<\/li>\n<li>5. Esther’s father, and uncle of Mordecai (Est 2:15; 9:29).<\/li>","summary_ro":"ABIHAIL Name used for both men and women in the OT. 1. Zuriel’s father and a leader of the Merari family of Levites in Israel’s wilderness community (Nm 3:35). 2. Abishur’s wife, and mother of Ahban and Molid (1 Chr 2:29). 3. Huri’s son, a descendant of Gad, living in Gilead and Bashan (1 Chr 5:14). 4. Woman named in 2 Chronicles 11:18 whose relationship to King Rehoboam is not clear from the Hebrew text. In some translations, Abihail seems to be the second wife of Rehoboam. However, only one...","summary_en":"ABIHAIL Name used for both men and women in the OT. 1. Zuriel’s father and a leader of the Merari family of Levites in Israel’s wilderness community (Nm 3:35). 2. Abishur’s wife, and mother of Ahban and Molid (1 Chr 2:29). 3. Huri’s son, a descendant of Gad, living in Gilead and Bashan (1 Chr 5:14). 4. Woman named in 2 Chronicles 11:18 whose relationship to King Rehoboam is not clear from the Hebrew text. In some translations, Abihail seems to be the second wife of Rehoboam. However, only one...","source":"Articles\/A.xml","external_url":null,"has_map":false,"has_picture":false},{"id":856,"type":"article","type_label":"Articol","type_icon":"📖","type_color":"#d4af37","title_ro":"Ahban","title_en":"Ahban","content_ro":"<h3>AHBAN<\/h3>\n<p>Son of Abishur and Abihail from Judah’s tribe (1 Chr 2:29).<\/p>","content_en":"<h3>AHBAN<\/h3>\n<p>Son of Abishur and Abihail from Judah’s tribe (1 Chr 2:29).<\/p>","summary_ro":"AHBAN Son of Abishur and Abihail from Judah’s tribe (1 Chr 2:29).","summary_en":"AHBAN Son of Abishur and Abihail from Judah’s tribe (1 Chr 2:29).","source":"Articles\/A.xml","external_url":null,"has_map":false,"has_picture":false},{"id":26184,"type":"article","type_label":"Articol","type_icon":"📖","type_color":"#d4af37","title_ro":"Molid","title_en":"Molid","content_ro":"<h3>MOLID<\/h3>\n<p>Son of Abishur and Abihail from Judah’s tribe (1 Chr 2:29).<\/p>","content_en":"<h3>MOLID<\/h3>\n<p>Son of Abishur and Abihail from Judah’s tribe (1 Chr 2:29).<\/p>","summary_ro":"MOLID Son of Abishur and Abihail from Judah’s tribe (1 Chr 2:29).","summary_en":"MOLID Son of Abishur and Abihail from Judah’s tribe (1 Chr 2:29).","source":"Articles\/M.xml","external_url":null,"has_map":false,"has_picture":false}],"30":[{"id":2423,"type":"article","type_label":"Articol","type_icon":"📖","type_color":"#d4af37","title_ro":"Appaim","title_en":"Appaim","content_ro":"<h3>APPAIM<\/h3>\n<p>Nadab’s son, and the father of Ishi in Judah’s tribe (1 Chr 2:30-31).<\/p>","content_en":"<h3>APPAIM<\/h3>\n<p>Nadab’s son, and the father of Ishi in Judah’s tribe (1 Chr 2:30-31).<\/p>","summary_ro":"APPAIM Nadab’s son, and the father of Ishi in Judah’s tribe (1 Chr 2:30-31).","summary_en":"APPAIM Nadab’s son, and the father of Ishi in Judah’s tribe (1 Chr 2:30-31).","source":"Articles\/A.xml","external_url":null,"has_map":false,"has_picture":false},{"id":34322,"type":"article","type_label":"Articol","type_icon":"📖","type_color":"#d4af37","title_ro":"Seled","title_en":"Seled","content_ro":"<h3>SELED<\/h3>\n<p>Nadab’s son from Judah’s tribe (1 Chr 2:30).<\/p>","content_en":"<h3>SELED<\/h3>\n<p>Nadab’s son from Judah’s tribe (1 Chr 2:30).<\/p>","summary_ro":"SELED Nadab’s son from Judah’s tribe (1 Chr 2:30).","summary_en":"SELED Nadab’s son from Judah’s tribe (1 Chr 2:30).","source":"Articles\/S.xml","external_url":null,"has_map":false,"has_picture":false},{"id":38822,"type":"article","type_label":"Articol","type_icon":"📖","type_color":"#d4af37","title_ro":"Zabad","title_en":"Zabad","content_ro":"<h3>ZABAD<\/h3>\n<li>1. Son of Nathan (1 Chr 2:36) and a descendant of Ahlai the daughter of Sheshan (vv 30, 34-36).<\/li>\n<li>2. Tahath’s son and the father of Shuthelah from Ephraim’s tribe (1 Chr 7:21).<\/li>\n<li>3. One of David’s mighty men, listed as a son of Ahlai (1 Chr 11:41); he is perhaps the same as #1 above.<\/li>\n<li>4. One of the assassins of King Joash, listed as the son of Shimeath the Ammonitess (2 Chr 24:26). He is identical to Jozacar (alternately “Jozabad”) in 2 Kings 12:21. Zabad was a palace official who was likely the agent of a powerful conspiracy against Joash.<\/li>\n<p><em>See also<\/em> Jozacar, Jozachar.<\/p>\n<li>5–7. Three priests variously descended from Zattu, Hashum, and Nebo, who renounced their foreign wives at Ezra’s request during the postexilic period (Ezr 10:27, 33, 43).<\/li>","content_en":"<h3>ZABAD<\/h3>\n<li>1. Son of Nathan (1 Chr 2:36) and a descendant of Ahlai the daughter of Sheshan (vv 30, 34-36).<\/li>\n<li>2. Tahath’s son and the father of Shuthelah from Ephraim’s tribe (1 Chr 7:21).<\/li>\n<li>3. One of David’s mighty men, listed as a son of Ahlai (1 Chr 11:41); he is perhaps the same as #1 above.<\/li>\n<li>4. One of the assassins of King Joash, listed as the son of Shimeath the Ammonitess (2 Chr 24:26). He is identical to Jozacar (alternately “Jozabad”) in 2 Kings 12:21. Zabad was a palace official who was likely the agent of a powerful conspiracy against Joash.<\/li>\n<p><em>See also<\/em> Jozacar, Jozachar.<\/p>\n<li>5–7. Three priests variously descended from Zattu, Hashum, and Nebo, who renounced their foreign wives at Ezra’s request during the postexilic period (Ezr 10:27, 33, 43).<\/li>","summary_ro":"ZABAD 1. Son of Nathan (1 Chr 2:36) and a descendant of Ahlai the daughter of Sheshan (vv 30, 34-36). 2. Tahath’s son and the father of Shuthelah from Ephraim’s tribe (1 Chr 7:21). 3. One of David’s mighty men, listed as a son of Ahlai (1 Chr 11:41); he is perhaps the same as #1 above. 4. One of the assassins of King Joash, listed as the son of Shimeath the Ammonitess (2 Chr 24:26). He is identical to Jozacar (alternately “Jozabad”) in 2 Kings 12:21. Zabad was a palace official who was likely...","summary_en":"ZABAD 1. Son of Nathan (1 Chr 2:36) and a descendant of Ahlai the daughter of Sheshan (vv 30, 34-36). 2. Tahath’s son and the father of Shuthelah from Ephraim’s tribe (1 Chr 7:21). 3. One of David’s mighty men, listed as a son of Ahlai (1 Chr 11:41); he is perhaps the same as #1 above. 4. One of the assassins of King Joash, listed as the son of Shimeath the Ammonitess (2 Chr 24:26). He is identical to Jozacar (alternately “Jozabad”) in 2 Kings 12:21. Zabad was a palace official who was likely...","source":"Articles\/Z.xml","external_url":null,"has_map":false,"has_picture":false}],"31":[{"id":965,"type":"article","type_label":"Articol","type_icon":"📖","type_color":"#d4af37","title_ro":"Ahlai","title_en":"Ahlai","content_ro":"<h3>AHLAI<\/h3>\n<li>1. Sheshan’s daughter, a member of Judah’s tribe (1 Chr 2:31, 34). In verse 31 some translations refer to Ahlai as a son.<\/li>\n<li>2. Zabad’s father or ancestor. Zabad was one of David’s mighty men who were known as “the thirty” (1 Chr 11:41).<\/li>","content_en":"<h3>AHLAI<\/h3>\n<li>1. Sheshan’s daughter, a member of Judah’s tribe (1 Chr 2:31, 34). In verse 31 some translations refer to Ahlai as a son.<\/li>\n<li>2. Zabad’s father or ancestor. Zabad was one of David’s mighty men who were known as “the thirty” (1 Chr 11:41).<\/li>","summary_ro":"AHLAI 1. Sheshan’s daughter, a member of Judah’s tribe (1 Chr 2:31, 34). In verse 31 some translations refer to Ahlai as a son. 2. Zabad’s father or ancestor. Zabad was one of David’s mighty men who were known as “the thirty” (1 Chr 11:41).","summary_en":"AHLAI 1. Sheshan’s daughter, a member of Judah’s tribe (1 Chr 2:31, 34). In verse 31 some translations refer to Ahlai as a son. 2. Zabad’s father or ancestor. Zabad was one of David’s mighty men who were known as “the thirty” (1 Chr 11:41).","source":"Articles\/A.xml","external_url":null,"has_map":false,"has_picture":false},{"id":17914,"type":"article","type_label":"Articol","type_icon":"📖","type_color":"#d4af37","title_ro":"Ishi","title_en":"Ishi","content_ro":"<h3>ISHI<\/h3>\n<li>1. Appaim’s son, the father of Sheshan and a descendant of Judah through Jerahmeel’s line (1 Chr 2:31).<\/li>\n<li>2. Man from Judah’s tribe whose descendants were Zoheth and Ben-zoheth (1 Chr 4:20).<\/li>\n<li>3. Simeonite whose four sons led 500 men to Mt Seir, where they destroyed the remnant Amalekites and settled their own people (1 Chr 4:42).<\/li>\n<li>4. One of the leaders of the half-tribe of Manasseh east of the Jordan (1 Chr 5:24).<\/li>\n<li>5. Name of God, meaning “my husband,” by which Israel will one day address him (Hos 2:16).<\/li>\n<p><em>See also<\/em> God, Names of.<\/p>","content_en":"<h3>ISHI<\/h3>\n<li>1. Appaim’s son, the father of Sheshan and a descendant of Judah through Jerahmeel’s line (1 Chr 2:31).<\/li>\n<li>2. Man from Judah’s tribe whose descendants were Zoheth and Ben-zoheth (1 Chr 4:20).<\/li>\n<li>3. Simeonite whose four sons led 500 men to Mt Seir, where they destroyed the remnant Amalekites and settled their own people (1 Chr 4:42).<\/li>\n<li>4. One of the leaders of the half-tribe of Manasseh east of the Jordan (1 Chr 5:24).<\/li>\n<li>5. Name of God, meaning “my husband,” by which Israel will one day address him (Hos 2:16).<\/li>\n<p><em>See also<\/em> God, Names of.<\/p>","summary_ro":"ISHI 1. Appaim’s son, the father of Sheshan and a descendant of Judah through Jerahmeel’s line (1 Chr 2:31). 2. Man from Judah’s tribe whose descendants were Zoheth and Ben-zoheth (1 Chr 4:20). 3. Simeonite whose four sons led 500 men to Mt Seir, where they destroyed the remnant Amalekites and settled their own people (1 Chr 4:42). 4. One of the leaders of the half-tribe of Manasseh east of the Jordan (1 Chr 5:24). 5. Name of God, meaning “my husband,” by which Israel will one day address him...","summary_en":"ISHI 1. Appaim’s son, the father of Sheshan and a descendant of Judah through Jerahmeel’s line (1 Chr 2:31). 2. Man from Judah’s tribe whose descendants were Zoheth and Ben-zoheth (1 Chr 4:20). 3. Simeonite whose four sons led 500 men to Mt Seir, where they destroyed the remnant Amalekites and settled their own people (1 Chr 4:42). 4. One of the leaders of the half-tribe of Manasseh east of the Jordan (1 Chr 5:24). 5. Name of God, meaning “my husband,” by which Israel will one day address him...","source":"Articles\/I.xml","external_url":null,"has_map":false,"has_picture":false},{"id":35024,"type":"article","type_label":"Articol","type_icon":"📖","type_color":"#d4af37","title_ro":"Sheshan","title_en":"Sheshan","content_ro":"<h3>SHESHAN<\/h3>\n<p>Descendant of Judah through Jerahmeel, whose family line is traced in 1 Chronicles 2:25-41 to Elishama, evidently a contemporary of the writer. In verse 31 Sheshan’s son Ahlai is named, but verse 34 says that Sheshan had no sons. Perhaps two men of the same name are denoted here, or Ahlai may be identical with Attai, Sheshan’s grandson.<\/p>","content_en":"<h3>SHESHAN<\/h3>\n<p>Descendant of Judah through Jerahmeel, whose family line is traced in 1 Chronicles 2:25-41 to Elishama, evidently a contemporary of the writer. In verse 31 Sheshan’s son Ahlai is named, but verse 34 says that Sheshan had no sons. Perhaps two men of the same name are denoted here, or Ahlai may be identical with Attai, Sheshan’s grandson.<\/p>","summary_ro":"SHESHAN Descendant of Judah through Jerahmeel, whose family line is traced in 1 Chronicles 2:25-41 to Elishama, evidently a contemporary of the writer. In verse 31 Sheshan’s son Ahlai is named, but verse 34 says that Sheshan had no sons. Perhaps two men of the same name are denoted here, or Ahlai may be identical with Attai, Sheshan’s grandson.","summary_en":"SHESHAN Descendant of Judah through Jerahmeel, whose family line is traced in 1 Chronicles 2:25-41 to Elishama, evidently a contemporary of the writer. In verse 31 Sheshan’s son Ahlai is named, but verse 34 says that Sheshan had no sons. Perhaps two men of the same name are denoted here, or Ahlai may be identical with Attai, Sheshan’s grandson.","source":"Articles\/S.xml","external_url":null,"has_map":false,"has_picture":false}],"32":[{"id":19730,"type":"article","type_label":"Articol","type_icon":"📖","type_color":"#d4af37","title_ro":"Jether","title_en":"Jether","content_ro":"<h3>JETHER<\/h3>\n<li>1. Firstborn son of Gideon who, because of his youth, was afraid to execute the Midianite kings Zebah and Zalmunna at his father’s request (Jgs 8:20).<\/li>\n<li>2. Ishmaelite and the father of Amasa (1 Kgs 2:5, 32; 1 Chr 2:17). He is alternately called Ithra in 2 Samuel 17:25. <em>See<\/em> Ithra.<\/li>\n<li>3. Firstborn son of Jada, the brother of Jonathan, and a descendant of Judah through Hezron’s line. He fathered no children (1 Chr 2:32).<\/li>\n<li>4. Judahite and the firstborn of Ezrah’s four sons (1 Chr 4:17).<\/li>\n<li>5. Asherite, the father of three sons (1 Chr 7:38) and probably identical with Ithran, Zophah’s son, in 1 Chronicles 7:37.<\/li>","content_en":"<h3>JETHER<\/h3>\n<li>1. Firstborn son of Gideon who, because of his youth, was afraid to execute the Midianite kings Zebah and Zalmunna at his father’s request (Jgs 8:20).<\/li>\n<li>2. Ishmaelite and the father of Amasa (1 Kgs 2:5, 32; 1 Chr 2:17). He is alternately called Ithra in 2 Samuel 17:25. <em>See<\/em> Ithra.<\/li>\n<li>3. Firstborn son of Jada, the brother of Jonathan, and a descendant of Judah through Hezron’s line. He fathered no children (1 Chr 2:32).<\/li>\n<li>4. Judahite and the firstborn of Ezrah’s four sons (1 Chr 4:17).<\/li>\n<li>5. Asherite, the father of three sons (1 Chr 7:38) and probably identical with Ithran, Zophah’s son, in 1 Chronicles 7:37.<\/li>","summary_ro":"JETHER 1. Firstborn son of Gideon who, because of his youth, was afraid to execute the Midianite kings Zebah and Zalmunna at his father’s request (Jgs 8:20). 2. Ishmaelite and the father of Amasa (1 Kgs 2:5, 32; 1 Chr 2:17). He is alternately called Ithra in 2 Samuel 17:25. See Ithra. 3. Firstborn son of Jada, the brother of Jonathan, and a descendant of Judah through Hezron’s line. He fathered no children (1 Chr 2:32). 4. Judahite and the firstborn of Ezrah’s four sons (1 Chr 4:17). 5. Asher...","summary_en":"JETHER 1. Firstborn son of Gideon who, because of his youth, was afraid to execute the Midianite kings Zebah and Zalmunna at his father’s request (Jgs 8:20). 2. Ishmaelite and the father of Amasa (1 Kgs 2:5, 32; 1 Chr 2:17). He is alternately called Ithra in 2 Samuel 17:25. See Ithra. 3. Firstborn son of Jada, the brother of Jonathan, and a descendant of Judah through Hezron’s line. He fathered no children (1 Chr 2:32). 4. Judahite and the firstborn of Ezrah’s four sons (1 Chr 4:17). 5. Asher...","source":"Articles\/J.xml","external_url":null,"has_map":false,"has_picture":false},{"id":20480,"type":"article","type_label":"Articol","type_icon":"📖","type_color":"#d4af37","title_ro":"Jonathan","title_en":"Jonathan","content_ro":"<h3>JONATHAN<\/h3>\n<li> 1. Levite from Bethlehem in Judah, a descendant of Gershom, son of Moses (cf. 1 Chr 23:14-15); he was a priest first to Micah in Ephraim and later to Dan’s tribe during the period of the judges (Jgs 17:7-10; 18:30).<\/li>\n<li> 2. Benjamite, the firstborn son of Saul and the father of Meribbaal (1 Sm 14:49; 1 Chr 8:33-34). Jonathan was a valiant warrior (1 Sm 13:2-4; 14:1-15; 2 Sm 1:22) and a devoted friend to David (1 Sm 18:1-5; 19:1-7). He was eventually killed, along with his brothers, by the Philistines at Mt Gilboa (1 Sm 31:2; 1 Chr 10:2).<\/li>\n<li> 3. Son of the high priest Abiathar and one of David’s loyal servants (2 Sm 15:27, 36; 17:17, 20; 1 Kgs 1:42-43).<\/li>\n<li> 4. Shimei’s son and the nephew of David (2 Sm 21:21; 1 Chr 20:7).<\/li>\n<li> 5. Son of Shagee the Hararite and one of David’s mighty warriors (2 Sm 23:33; 1 Chr 11:34).<\/li>\n<li> 6. Judahite, Jada’s son, the brother of Jether, and the father of Peleth and Zaza (1 Chr 2:32-33).<\/li>\n<li> 7. Son of Uzziah and one of David’s treasurers (1 Chr 27:25).<\/li>\n<li> 8. David’s relative who served as counselor and scribe in the royal household (1 Chr 27:32).<\/li>\n<li> 9. Ebed’s father. Ebed returned with Ezra to Judah following the Babylonian captivity (Ezr 8:6).<\/li>\n<li>10. Asahel’s son, who, with Jahzeiah, opposed Ezra’s suggestion that the sons of Israel should divorce the foreign woman they had married since returning to Palestine from exile (Ezr 10:15).<\/li>\n<li>11. Levite, the son of Joiada, the father of Jaddua, and a descendant of Jeshua, the high priest (Neh 12:11). He is perhaps the same man as Jehohanan (or Johanan), Eliashib’s grandson, in Ezra 10:6 (cf. Neh 12:23, <span>nlt<\/span>). <em>See<\/em> Jehohanan #4.<\/li>\n<li>12. Priest and the head of Malluch’s house during the days of Joiakim the high priest (Neh 12:14).<\/li>\n<li>13. Priest, father of Zechariah, and a descendant of Asaph (Neh 12:35).<\/li>\n<li>14. Secretary in whose house Jeremiah was at one point imprisoned during the reign of King Zedekiah of Judah (Jer 37:15, 20; 38:26).<\/li>\n<li>15. Kareah’s son who sought protection under Gedaliah (Jer 40:8).<\/li>\n<li>16. Youngest son of Mattathias and brother of Judas Maccabeus. When Judas Maccabeus was killed in battle with Bacchides (1 Macc 9:18), his brother Jonathan became his successor (vv 28-31). Jonathan continued the struggle against Syria for three years with a small band of guerrillas. But the Syrians were busy with an internal struggle for political power, and so, in 157 <span>BC<\/span>, made peace with him. The political machinations in Syria worked to Jonathan’s advantage, and five years later he became high priest in Jerusalem and administrator of Judea (10:1-11). Under his management, Jewish territory and power increased. This occurred partly because Jonathan was able to play the Syrian political rivals against one another. One of these was Tryphon, a pretender to the Syrian throne who saw that his influence was threatened by Jonathan’s power. So in 143 <span>BC<\/span> he decided to overthrow the Jewish leader. Jonathan was taken prisoner by Tryphon through treachery and eventually killed, leaving his brother Simon to lead the Jews (1 Macc 12–13).<\/li>","content_en":"<h3>JONATHAN<\/h3>\n<li> 1. Levite from Bethlehem in Judah, a descendant of Gershom, son of Moses (cf. 1 Chr 23:14-15); he was a priest first to Micah in Ephraim and later to Dan’s tribe during the period of the judges (Jgs 17:7-10; 18:30).<\/li>\n<li> 2. Benjamite, the firstborn son of Saul and the father of Meribbaal (1 Sm 14:49; 1 Chr 8:33-34). Jonathan was a valiant warrior (1 Sm 13:2-4; 14:1-15; 2 Sm 1:22) and a devoted friend to David (1 Sm 18:1-5; 19:1-7). He was eventually killed, along with his brothers, by the Philistines at Mt Gilboa (1 Sm 31:2; 1 Chr 10:2).<\/li>\n<li> 3. Son of the high priest Abiathar and one of David’s loyal servants (2 Sm 15:27, 36; 17:17, 20; 1 Kgs 1:42-43).<\/li>\n<li> 4. Shimei’s son and the nephew of David (2 Sm 21:21; 1 Chr 20:7).<\/li>\n<li> 5. Son of Shagee the Hararite and one of David’s mighty warriors (2 Sm 23:33; 1 Chr 11:34).<\/li>\n<li> 6. Judahite, Jada’s son, the brother of Jether, and the father of Peleth and Zaza (1 Chr 2:32-33).<\/li>\n<li> 7. Son of Uzziah and one of David’s treasurers (1 Chr 27:25).<\/li>\n<li> 8. David’s relative who served as counselor and scribe in the royal household (1 Chr 27:32).<\/li>\n<li> 9. Ebed’s father. Ebed returned with Ezra to Judah following the Babylonian captivity (Ezr 8:6).<\/li>\n<li>10. Asahel’s son, who, with Jahzeiah, opposed Ezra’s suggestion that the sons of Israel should divorce the foreign woman they had married since returning to Palestine from exile (Ezr 10:15).<\/li>\n<li>11. Levite, the son of Joiada, the father of Jaddua, and a descendant of Jeshua, the high priest (Neh 12:11). He is perhaps the same man as Jehohanan (or Johanan), Eliashib’s grandson, in Ezra 10:6 (cf. Neh 12:23, <span>nlt<\/span>). <em>See<\/em> Jehohanan #4.<\/li>\n<li>12. Priest and the head of Malluch’s house during the days of Joiakim the high priest (Neh 12:14).<\/li>\n<li>13. Priest, father of Zechariah, and a descendant of Asaph (Neh 12:35).<\/li>\n<li>14. Secretary in whose house Jeremiah was at one point imprisoned during the reign of King Zedekiah of Judah (Jer 37:15, 20; 38:26).<\/li>\n<li>15. Kareah’s son who sought protection under Gedaliah (Jer 40:8).<\/li>\n<li>16. Youngest son of Mattathias and brother of Judas Maccabeus. When Judas Maccabeus was killed in battle with Bacchides (1 Macc 9:18), his brother Jonathan became his successor (vv 28-31). Jonathan continued the struggle against Syria for three years with a small band of guerrillas. But the Syrians were busy with an internal struggle for political power, and so, in 157 <span>BC<\/span>, made peace with him. The political machinations in Syria worked to Jonathan’s advantage, and five years later he became high priest in Jerusalem and administrator of Judea (10:1-11). Under his management, Jewish territory and power increased. This occurred partly because Jonathan was able to play the Syrian political rivals against one another. One of these was Tryphon, a pretender to the Syrian throne who saw that his influence was threatened by Jonathan’s power. So in 143 <span>BC<\/span> he decided to overthrow the Jewish leader. Jonathan was taken prisoner by Tryphon through treachery and eventually killed, leaving his brother Simon to lead the Jews (1 Macc 12–13).<\/li>","summary_ro":"JONATHAN 1. Levite from Bethlehem in Judah, a descendant of Gershom, son of Moses (cf. 1 Chr 23:14-15); he was a priest first to Micah in Ephraim and later to Dan’s tribe during the period of the judges (Jgs 17:7-10; 18:30). 2. Benjamite, the firstborn son of Saul and the father of Meribbaal (1 Sm 14:49; 1 Chr 8:33-34). Jonathan was a valiant warrior (1 Sm 13:2-4; 14:1-15; 2 Sm 1:22) and a devoted friend to David (1 Sm 18:1-5; 19:1-7). He was eventually killed, along with his brothers, by the...","summary_en":"JONATHAN 1. Levite from Bethlehem in Judah, a descendant of Gershom, son of Moses (cf. 1 Chr 23:14-15); he was a priest first to Micah in Ephraim and later to Dan’s tribe during the period of the judges (Jgs 17:7-10; 18:30). 2. Benjamite, the firstborn son of Saul and the father of Meribbaal (1 Sm 14:49; 1 Chr 8:33-34). Jonathan was a valiant warrior (1 Sm 13:2-4; 14:1-15; 2 Sm 1:22) and a devoted friend to David (1 Sm 18:1-5; 19:1-7). He was eventually killed, along with his brothers, by the...","source":"Articles\/J.xml","external_url":null,"has_map":false,"has_picture":false}],"33":[{"id":29457,"type":"article","type_label":"Articol","type_icon":"📖","type_color":"#d4af37","title_ro":"Peleth","title_en":"Peleth","content_ro":"<h3>PELETH<\/h3>\n<li>1. On’s father from Reuben’s tribe (Nm 16:1).<\/li>\n<li>2. Jonathan’s son and a Jerahmeelite from Judah’s tribe (1 Chr 2:33).<\/li>","content_en":"<h3>PELETH<\/h3>\n<li>1. On’s father from Reuben’s tribe (Nm 16:1).<\/li>\n<li>2. Jonathan’s son and a Jerahmeelite from Judah’s tribe (1 Chr 2:33).<\/li>","summary_ro":"PELETH 1. On’s father from Reuben’s tribe (Nm 16:1). 2. Jonathan’s son and a Jerahmeelite from Judah’s tribe (1 Chr 2:33).","summary_en":"PELETH 1. On’s father from Reuben’s tribe (Nm 16:1). 2. Jonathan’s son and a Jerahmeelite from Judah’s tribe (1 Chr 2:33).","source":"Articles\/P.xml","external_url":null,"has_map":false,"has_picture":false},{"id":38934,"type":"article","type_label":"Articol","type_icon":"📖","type_color":"#d4af37","title_ro":"Zaza","title_en":"Zaza","content_ro":"<h3>ZAZA<\/h3>\n<p>Jonathan’s son, in the family of Jerahmeel, a member of Judah’s tribe (1 Chr 2:33).<\/p>","content_en":"<h3>ZAZA<\/h3>\n<p>Jonathan’s son, in the family of Jerahmeel, a member of Judah’s tribe (1 Chr 2:33).<\/p>","summary_ro":"ZAZA Jonathan’s son, in the family of Jerahmeel, a member of Judah’s tribe (1 Chr 2:33).","summary_en":"ZAZA Jonathan’s son, in the family of Jerahmeel, a member of Judah’s tribe (1 Chr 2:33).","source":"Articles\/Z.xml","external_url":null,"has_map":false,"has_picture":false}],"34":[{"id":18523,"type":"article","type_label":"Articol","type_icon":"📖","type_color":"#d4af37","title_ro":"Jarha","title_en":"Jarha","content_ro":"<h3>JARHA<\/h3>\n<p>Egyptian servant of Sheshan, Jerahmeel’s descendant, who was given his master’s daughter in marriage. Sheshan did this because he had no sons (1 Chr 2:34-35).<\/p>","content_en":"<h3>JARHA<\/h3>\n<p>Egyptian servant of Sheshan, Jerahmeel’s descendant, who was given his master’s daughter in marriage. Sheshan did this because he had no sons (1 Chr 2:34-35).<\/p>","summary_ro":"JARHA Egyptian servant of Sheshan, Jerahmeel’s descendant, who was given his master’s daughter in marriage. Sheshan did this because he had no sons (1 Chr 2:34-35).","summary_en":"JARHA Egyptian servant of Sheshan, Jerahmeel’s descendant, who was given his master’s daughter in marriage. Sheshan did this because he had no sons (1 Chr 2:34-35).","source":"Articles\/J.xml","external_url":null,"has_map":false,"has_picture":false},{"id":35025,"type":"article","type_label":"Articol","type_icon":"📖","type_color":"#d4af37","title_ro":"Sheshan","title_en":"Sheshan","content_ro":"<h3>SHESHAN<\/h3>\n<p>Descendant of Judah through Jerahmeel, whose family line is traced in 1 Chronicles 2:25-41 to Elishama, evidently a contemporary of the writer. In verse 31 Sheshan’s son Ahlai is named, but verse 34 says that Sheshan had no sons. Perhaps two men of the same name are denoted here, or Ahlai may be identical with Attai, Sheshan’s grandson.<\/p>","content_en":"<h3>SHESHAN<\/h3>\n<p>Descendant of Judah through Jerahmeel, whose family line is traced in 1 Chronicles 2:25-41 to Elishama, evidently a contemporary of the writer. In verse 31 Sheshan’s son Ahlai is named, but verse 34 says that Sheshan had no sons. Perhaps two men of the same name are denoted here, or Ahlai may be identical with Attai, Sheshan’s grandson.<\/p>","summary_ro":"SHESHAN Descendant of Judah through Jerahmeel, whose family line is traced in 1 Chronicles 2:25-41 to Elishama, evidently a contemporary of the writer. In verse 31 Sheshan’s son Ahlai is named, but verse 34 says that Sheshan had no sons. Perhaps two men of the same name are denoted here, or Ahlai may be identical with Attai, Sheshan’s grandson.","summary_en":"SHESHAN Descendant of Judah through Jerahmeel, whose family line is traced in 1 Chronicles 2:25-41 to Elishama, evidently a contemporary of the writer. In verse 31 Sheshan’s son Ahlai is named, but verse 34 says that Sheshan had no sons. Perhaps two men of the same name are denoted here, or Ahlai may be identical with Attai, Sheshan’s grandson.","source":"Articles\/S.xml","external_url":null,"has_map":false,"has_picture":false}],"35":[{"id":3204,"type":"article","type_label":"Articol","type_icon":"📖","type_color":"#d4af37","title_ro":"Attai","title_en":"Attai","content_ro":"<h3>ATTAI<\/h3>\n<li>1. Son of Sheshan’s daughter and of Jarha, Sheshan’s Egyptian slave. Attai was from Judah’s tribe (1 Chr 2:35-36).<\/li>\n<li>2. Warrior from Gad’s tribe who joined David at Ziklag in his struggle against King Saul (1 Chr 12:11).<\/li>\n<li>3. Son of King Rehoboam of Judah by Maachah, and Solomon’s grandson (2 Chr 11:20).<\/li>","content_en":"<h3>ATTAI<\/h3>\n<li>1. Son of Sheshan’s daughter and of Jarha, Sheshan’s Egyptian slave. Attai was from Judah’s tribe (1 Chr 2:35-36).<\/li>\n<li>2. Warrior from Gad’s tribe who joined David at Ziklag in his struggle against King Saul (1 Chr 12:11).<\/li>\n<li>3. Son of King Rehoboam of Judah by Maachah, and Solomon’s grandson (2 Chr 11:20).<\/li>","summary_ro":"ATTAI 1. Son of Sheshan’s daughter and of Jarha, Sheshan’s Egyptian slave. Attai was from Judah’s tribe (1 Chr 2:35-36). 2. Warrior from Gad’s tribe who joined David at Ziklag in his struggle against King Saul (1 Chr 12:11). 3. Son of King Rehoboam of Judah by Maachah, and Solomon’s grandson (2 Chr 11:20).","summary_en":"ATTAI 1. Son of Sheshan’s daughter and of Jarha, Sheshan’s Egyptian slave. Attai was from Judah’s tribe (1 Chr 2:35-36). 2. Warrior from Gad’s tribe who joined David at Ziklag in his struggle against King Saul (1 Chr 12:11). 3. Son of King Rehoboam of Judah by Maachah, and Solomon’s grandson (2 Chr 11:20).","source":"Articles\/A.xml","external_url":null,"has_map":false,"has_picture":false}],"36":[{"id":27015,"type":"article","type_label":"Articol","type_icon":"📖","type_color":"#d4af37","title_ro":"Nathan","title_en":"Nathan","content_ro":"<h3>NATHAN<\/h3>\n<li>1. Son of David by Bathsheba, the third son to be born in Jerusalem (2 Sm 5:14; 1 Chr 3:5; 14:4). Nathan, Solomon’s older brother, is featured in the apocalyptic oracle of Zechariah 12:12 and Christ’s line of descent via Joseph (Lk 3:31).<\/li>\n<p><em>See also<\/em> Genealogy of Jesus Christ.<\/p>\n<li>2. One of the early prophets and adviser of David. When David’s military campaigns were almost completed, he shared with Nathan his desire to erect a suitable dwelling place for God. Nathan’s immediate reaction was favorable, but on receiving direct instructions from the Lord, he countermanded his initial approval. He foretold that one of David’s sons would build God a house, and that God would establish a house (dynasty) for David through his son Solomon. The prophecy includes not only the Davidic line but also the messianic king. Nathan’s oracle, therefore, was of vital importance, since it dealt with two great institutions, the temple and the Davidic monarchy (2 Sm 7:1-7; 1 Chr 17:1-15).<\/li>\n<p>During the Ammonite war, David, having fathered an illegitimate child, tried to cover his sin by involving the woman’s husband, Uriah (2 Sm 11:1-13; 23:39). When this attempt failed, he had Joab, the general of the army, engineer Uriah’s death, whereupon David took Bathsheba openly as his wife (11:14-27). Nathan confronted the king, courageously exposing the enormity of David’s crime by a parable that provoked the king’s righteous anger and turned the finger of condemnation upon David himself (12:1-9). Nathan foretold the fearful consequences for David’s family resulting from his sin and evil example (vv 10-12). This prophecy was fulfilled in rape, the deaths of three of David’s sons, and civil war (2 Sm 13–18; 1 Kgs 1). Bathsheba’s child also would not live (2 Sm 12:14).<\/p>\n<p>When David was near death, one of his sons, Adonijah, seized power (1 Kgs 1:1, 10). Nathan prompted Bathsheba to remind David of an earlier promise concerning Solomon’s succession, supporting her by his own timely intervention (vv 10-27). David immediately authorized Solomon’s coronation (vv 28-53).<\/p>\n<p>Nathan was an important chronicler (1 Chr 29:29; 2 Chr 9:29). With David he played a vital part in developing the musical aspects of temple worship (2 Chr 29:25).<\/p>\n<li>3. Man of Zobah and the father of Igal, one of David’s 30 heroes (2 Sm 23:36). He was possibly the Nathan noted as the brother of Joel (1 Chr 11:38).<\/li>\n<li>4. Father of two important court officials (1 Kgs 4:5); probably either the prophet or David’s son.<\/li>\n<li>5. Descendant of Judah, in the clan of Jerahmeel, the son of Attai and the father of Zabad (1 Chr 2:36).<\/li>\n<li>6. One of a deputation sent by Ezra to secure Levitical reinforcements for the Israelites returning to Jerusalem (Ezr 8:16). Possibly Nathan was among those who covenanted to divorce their foreign wives (10:39), but the name, meaning “gift,” was a very common one.<\/li>","content_en":"<h3>NATHAN<\/h3>\n<li>1. Son of David by Bathsheba, the third son to be born in Jerusalem (2 Sm 5:14; 1 Chr 3:5; 14:4). Nathan, Solomon’s older brother, is featured in the apocalyptic oracle of Zechariah 12:12 and Christ’s line of descent via Joseph (Lk 3:31).<\/li>\n<p><em>See also<\/em> Genealogy of Jesus Christ.<\/p>\n<li>2. One of the early prophets and adviser of David. When David’s military campaigns were almost completed, he shared with Nathan his desire to erect a suitable dwelling place for God. Nathan’s immediate reaction was favorable, but on receiving direct instructions from the Lord, he countermanded his initial approval. He foretold that one of David’s sons would build God a house, and that God would establish a house (dynasty) for David through his son Solomon. The prophecy includes not only the Davidic line but also the messianic king. Nathan’s oracle, therefore, was of vital importance, since it dealt with two great institutions, the temple and the Davidic monarchy (2 Sm 7:1-7; 1 Chr 17:1-15).<\/li>\n<p>During the Ammonite war, David, having fathered an illegitimate child, tried to cover his sin by involving the woman’s husband, Uriah (2 Sm 11:1-13; 23:39). When this attempt failed, he had Joab, the general of the army, engineer Uriah’s death, whereupon David took Bathsheba openly as his wife (11:14-27). Nathan confronted the king, courageously exposing the enormity of David’s crime by a parable that provoked the king’s righteous anger and turned the finger of condemnation upon David himself (12:1-9). Nathan foretold the fearful consequences for David’s family resulting from his sin and evil example (vv 10-12). This prophecy was fulfilled in rape, the deaths of three of David’s sons, and civil war (2 Sm 13–18; 1 Kgs 1). Bathsheba’s child also would not live (2 Sm 12:14).<\/p>\n<p>When David was near death, one of his sons, Adonijah, seized power (1 Kgs 1:1, 10). Nathan prompted Bathsheba to remind David of an earlier promise concerning Solomon’s succession, supporting her by his own timely intervention (vv 10-27). David immediately authorized Solomon’s coronation (vv 28-53).<\/p>\n<p>Nathan was an important chronicler (1 Chr 29:29; 2 Chr 9:29). With David he played a vital part in developing the musical aspects of temple worship (2 Chr 29:25).<\/p>\n<li>3. Man of Zobah and the father of Igal, one of David’s 30 heroes (2 Sm 23:36). He was possibly the Nathan noted as the brother of Joel (1 Chr 11:38).<\/li>\n<li>4. Father of two important court officials (1 Kgs 4:5); probably either the prophet or David’s son.<\/li>\n<li>5. Descendant of Judah, in the clan of Jerahmeel, the son of Attai and the father of Zabad (1 Chr 2:36).<\/li>\n<li>6. One of a deputation sent by Ezra to secure Levitical reinforcements for the Israelites returning to Jerusalem (Ezr 8:16). Possibly Nathan was among those who covenanted to divorce their foreign wives (10:39), but the name, meaning “gift,” was a very common one.<\/li>","summary_ro":"NATHAN 1. Son of David by Bathsheba, the third son to be born in Jerusalem (2 Sm 5:14; 1 Chr 3:5; 14:4). Nathan, Solomon’s older brother, is featured in the apocalyptic oracle of Zechariah 12:12 and Christ’s line of descent via Joseph (Lk 3:31). See also Genealogy of Jesus Christ. 2. One of the early prophets and adviser of David. When David’s military campaigns were almost completed, he shared with Nathan his desire to erect a suitable dwelling place for God. Nathan’s immediate reaction was ...","summary_en":"NATHAN 1. Son of David by Bathsheba, the third son to be born in Jerusalem (2 Sm 5:14; 1 Chr 3:5; 14:4). Nathan, Solomon’s older brother, is featured in the apocalyptic oracle of Zechariah 12:12 and Christ’s line of descent via Joseph (Lk 3:31). See also Genealogy of Jesus Christ. 2. One of the early prophets and adviser of David. When David’s military campaigns were almost completed, he shared with Nathan his desire to erect a suitable dwelling place for God. Nathan’s immediate reaction was ...","source":"Articles\/N.xml","external_url":null,"has_map":false,"has_picture":false},{"id":38821,"type":"article","type_label":"Articol","type_icon":"📖","type_color":"#d4af37","title_ro":"Zabad","title_en":"Zabad","content_ro":"<h3>ZABAD<\/h3>\n<li>1. Son of Nathan (1 Chr 2:36) and a descendant of Ahlai the daughter of Sheshan (vv 30, 34-36).<\/li>\n<li>2. Tahath’s son and the father of Shuthelah from Ephraim’s tribe (1 Chr 7:21).<\/li>\n<li>3. One of David’s mighty men, listed as a son of Ahlai (1 Chr 11:41); he is perhaps the same as #1 above.<\/li>\n<li>4. One of the assassins of King Joash, listed as the son of Shimeath the Ammonitess (2 Chr 24:26). He is identical to Jozacar (alternately “Jozabad”) in 2 Kings 12:21. Zabad was a palace official who was likely the agent of a powerful conspiracy against Joash.<\/li>\n<p><em>See also<\/em> Jozacar, Jozachar.<\/p>\n<li>5–7. Three priests variously descended from Zattu, Hashum, and Nebo, who renounced their foreign wives at Ezra’s request during the postexilic period (Ezr 10:27, 33, 43).<\/li>","content_en":"<h3>ZABAD<\/h3>\n<li>1. Son of Nathan (1 Chr 2:36) and a descendant of Ahlai the daughter of Sheshan (vv 30, 34-36).<\/li>\n<li>2. Tahath’s son and the father of Shuthelah from Ephraim’s tribe (1 Chr 7:21).<\/li>\n<li>3. One of David’s mighty men, listed as a son of Ahlai (1 Chr 11:41); he is perhaps the same as #1 above.<\/li>\n<li>4. One of the assassins of King Joash, listed as the son of Shimeath the Ammonitess (2 Chr 24:26). He is identical to Jozacar (alternately “Jozabad”) in 2 Kings 12:21. Zabad was a palace official who was likely the agent of a powerful conspiracy against Joash.<\/li>\n<p><em>See also<\/em> Jozacar, Jozachar.<\/p>\n<li>5–7. Three priests variously descended from Zattu, Hashum, and Nebo, who renounced their foreign wives at Ezra’s request during the postexilic period (Ezr 10:27, 33, 43).<\/li>","summary_ro":"ZABAD 1. Son of Nathan (1 Chr 2:36) and a descendant of Ahlai the daughter of Sheshan (vv 30, 34-36). 2. Tahath’s son and the father of Shuthelah from Ephraim’s tribe (1 Chr 7:21). 3. One of David’s mighty men, listed as a son of Ahlai (1 Chr 11:41); he is perhaps the same as #1 above. 4. One of the assassins of King Joash, listed as the son of Shimeath the Ammonitess (2 Chr 24:26). He is identical to Jozacar (alternately “Jozabad”) in 2 Kings 12:21. Zabad was a palace official who was likely...","summary_en":"ZABAD 1. Son of Nathan (1 Chr 2:36) and a descendant of Ahlai the daughter of Sheshan (vv 30, 34-36). 2. Tahath’s son and the father of Shuthelah from Ephraim’s tribe (1 Chr 7:21). 3. One of David’s mighty men, listed as a son of Ahlai (1 Chr 11:41); he is perhaps the same as #1 above. 4. One of the assassins of King Joash, listed as the son of Shimeath the Ammonitess (2 Chr 24:26). He is identical to Jozacar (alternately “Jozabad”) in 2 Kings 12:21. Zabad was a palace official who was likely...","source":"Articles\/Z.xml","external_url":null,"has_map":false,"has_picture":false}],"37":[{"id":10939,"type":"article","type_label":"Articol","type_icon":"📖","type_color":"#d4af37","title_ro":"Ephlal","title_en":"Ephlal","content_ro":"<h3>EPHLAL<\/h3>\n<p>Jerahmeel’s descendant, who could trace his ancestry through Perez to Judah (1 Chr 2:37).<\/p>","content_en":"<h3>EPHLAL<\/h3>\n<p>Jerahmeel’s descendant, who could trace his ancestry through Perez to Judah (1 Chr 2:37).<\/p>","summary_ro":"EPHLAL Jerahmeel’s descendant, who could trace his ancestry through Perez to Judah (1 Chr 2:37).","summary_en":"EPHLAL Jerahmeel’s descendant, who could trace his ancestry through Perez to Judah (1 Chr 2:37).","source":"Articles\/E.xml","external_url":null,"has_map":false,"has_picture":false},{"id":28065,"type":"article","type_label":"Articol","type_icon":"📖","type_color":"#d4af37","title_ro":"Obed","title_en":"Obed","content_ro":"<h3>OBED<\/h3>\n<li>1. Ruth and Boaz’s first child, listed among the ancestors of Jesus (Ru 4:17, 21-22; 1 Chr 2:12; Mt 1:5; Lk 3:32). <em>See<\/em> Genealogy of Jesus Christ.<\/li>\n<li>2. Jerahmeelite and Ephlal’s son (1 Chr 2:37-38).<\/li>\n<li>3. One of David’s mighty men (1 Chr 11:47).<\/li>\n<li>4. Shemaiah’s son and an able leader who ruled his father’s house (1 Chr 26:6-7).<\/li>\n<li>5. Father of Azariah, a captain of Jehoiada (2 Chr 23:1).<\/li>","content_en":"<h3>OBED<\/h3>\n<li>1. Ruth and Boaz’s first child, listed among the ancestors of Jesus (Ru 4:17, 21-22; 1 Chr 2:12; Mt 1:5; Lk 3:32). <em>See<\/em> Genealogy of Jesus Christ.<\/li>\n<li>2. Jerahmeelite and Ephlal’s son (1 Chr 2:37-38).<\/li>\n<li>3. One of David’s mighty men (1 Chr 11:47).<\/li>\n<li>4. Shemaiah’s son and an able leader who ruled his father’s house (1 Chr 26:6-7).<\/li>\n<li>5. Father of Azariah, a captain of Jehoiada (2 Chr 23:1).<\/li>","summary_ro":"OBED 1. Ruth and Boaz’s first child, listed among the ancestors of Jesus (Ru 4:17, 21-22; 1 Chr 2:12; Mt 1:5; Lk 3:32). See Genealogy of Jesus Christ. 2. Jerahmeelite and Ephlal’s son (1 Chr 2:37-38). 3. One of David’s mighty men (1 Chr 11:47). 4. Shemaiah’s son and an able leader who ruled his father’s house (1 Chr 26:6-7). 5. Father of Azariah, a captain of Jehoiada (2 Chr 23:1).","summary_en":"OBED 1. Ruth and Boaz’s first child, listed among the ancestors of Jesus (Ru 4:17, 21-22; 1 Chr 2:12; Mt 1:5; Lk 3:32). See Genealogy of Jesus Christ. 2. Jerahmeelite and Ephlal’s son (1 Chr 2:37-38). 3. One of David’s mighty men (1 Chr 11:47). 4. Shemaiah’s son and an able leader who ruled his father’s house (1 Chr 26:6-7). 5. Father of Azariah, a captain of Jehoiada (2 Chr 23:1).","source":"Articles\/O.xml","external_url":null,"has_map":false,"has_picture":false}],"38":[{"id":3268,"type":"article","type_label":"Articol","type_icon":"📖","type_color":"#d4af37","title_ro":"Azariah","title_en":"Azariah","content_ro":"<h3>AZARIAH<\/h3>\n<p>Very common Jewish name. Its numerous occurrences in the priestly genealogies has caused much confusion. The following is one of several possible arrangements:<\/p>\n<li> 1. Zadok’s son or grandson. According to most translations, Azariah was high priest during Solomon’s reign (1 Kgs 4:2). It is possible, however, that his position should be understood as that of a special counselor or keeper of the royal calendar.<\/li>\n<li> 2. Nathan’s son, a high official in King Solomon’s court. He was chief officer over the 12 regional administrators (1 Kgs 4:5).<\/li>\n<li> 3. Amaziah’s son, king of Judah (2 Kgs 14:21; 15:1-7), more frequently known as Uzziah. <em>See<\/em> Uzziah #1.<\/li>\n<li> 4. Ethan’s son, a descendant of Judah (1 Chr 2:8).<\/li>\n<li> 5. Jehu’s son, another descendant of Judah (1 Chr 2:38).<\/li>\n<li> 6. Ahimaaz’s son and Zadok’s grandson (1 Chr 6:9). If Azariah #1 was indeed a high priest, this Azariah could be identified with him.<\/li>\n<li> 7. Johanan’s son and Amariah’s father (1 Chr 6:10-11). He is identical with the Azariah of Ezra 7:3 and 2 Esdras 1:2, whose father (meaning “ancestor”) was Meraioth. The parenthetical note about Solomon’s temple (1 Chr 6:10) is generally held to go with the Azariah of verse 9 (see #6 above). It is possible, however, that this Azariah served in the temple (built by Solomon) during the reign of Uzziah and is therefore identical with #17 below.<\/li>\n<li> 8. Hilkiah’s son and Seriah’s father (1 Chr 6:13-14; Ezr 7:1; 2 Esd 1:1). Some have identified this Azariah with #10 or #11 below.<\/li>\n<li> 9. Zephaniah’s son, an ancestor of the singer Heman. Heman sang in the worship ritual instituted by King David (1 Chr 6:36).<\/li>\n<li>10. Hilkiah’s son or descendant, one of the first priests to settle in Jerusalem after the exile (1 Chr 9:11; “Seraiah,” Neh 11:11).<\/li>\n<li>11. Oded’s son, a prophet in the days of King Asa of Judah. He encouraged Asa to initiate badly needed reforms in the king’s 15th year (2 Chr 15:1-15).<\/li>\n<li>12, 13. Two sons of King Jehoshaphat of Judah. Along with four of their brothers, they were killed for political reasons by Jehoram, heir to the throne (2 Chr 21:1-4).<\/li>\n<li>14. Alternate name of Ahaziah, king of Judah (2 Chr 22:6, <span>kjv<\/span>). <em>See<\/em> Ahaziah #2.<\/li>\n<li>15. Jehoram’s son, one of Judah’s military commanders. This Azariah followed Jehoiada the priest in a rebellion that resulted in the execution of Queen Athaliah and the crowning of Joash as king (2 Chr 23:1).<\/li>\n<li>16. Obed’s son, another of the five commanders in league with Jehoiada against Athaliah (2 Chr 23:1).<\/li>\n<li>17. High priest in Jerusalem during the reign of King Uzziah (2 Chr 26:16-21). He opposed Uzziah’s arrogant attempt to burn incense on the altar. Perhaps the same as #7 above.<\/li>\n<li>18. Johanan’s son, a leader of Ephraim’s tribe. Azariah and other leaders of the tribe joined the prophet Obed in protesting the capture of Judean prisoners by King Pekah of Israel and in effecting their release (2 Chr 28:12).<\/li>\n<li>19. Descendant of Kohath and the father of a Levite named Joel. Joel participated in the temple cleansing instituted by King Hezekiah of Judah (2 Chr 29:12).<\/li>\n<li>20. Jehallelel’s son. This Azariah, a descendant of Merari, also participated in Hezekiah’s cleansing of the temple (2 Chr 29:12).<\/li>\n<li>21. Zadok’s descendant and high priest during the reign of Hezekiah of Judah (2 Chr 31:10, 13). He participated in Hezekiah’s massive religious reforms.<\/li>\n<li>22. Maaseiah’s son, a householder in Jerusalem who participated in Nehemiah’s rebuilding of the wall (Neh 3:23).<\/li>\n<li>23. Leader who returned to Judah with Zerubbabel after the Babylonian exile (Neh 7:7; “Seraiah,” Ezr 2:2).<\/li>\n<li>24. Levitical assistant of Ezra who explained to the people passages from the law read by Ezra (Neh 8:7).<\/li>\n<li>25. Priest who signed Ezra’s covenant of faithfulness to God with Nehemiah and others after the exile (Neh 10:2).<\/li>\n<li>26. Participant in the dedication of the rebuilt wall of Jerusalem (Neh 12:33).<\/li>\n<li>27. Alternate form of Jaazaniah, the name of Hoshaiah’s son, in Jeremiah 42:1 and 43:2. <em>See<\/em> Jaazaniah #1.<\/li>\n<li>28. One of the three young Jews taken into captivity with Daniel. In Babylon he was renamed Abednego (Dn 1:6-7, 11, 19; 2:17). <em>See<\/em> Shadrach, Meshach, and Abednego.<\/li>","content_en":"<h3>AZARIAH<\/h3>\n<p>Very common Jewish name. Its numerous occurrences in the priestly genealogies has caused much confusion. The following is one of several possible arrangements:<\/p>\n<li> 1. Zadok’s son or grandson. According to most translations, Azariah was high priest during Solomon’s reign (1 Kgs 4:2). It is possible, however, that his position should be understood as that of a special counselor or keeper of the royal calendar.<\/li>\n<li> 2. Nathan’s son, a high official in King Solomon’s court. He was chief officer over the 12 regional administrators (1 Kgs 4:5).<\/li>\n<li> 3. Amaziah’s son, king of Judah (2 Kgs 14:21; 15:1-7), more frequently known as Uzziah. <em>See<\/em> Uzziah #1.<\/li>\n<li> 4. Ethan’s son, a descendant of Judah (1 Chr 2:8).<\/li>\n<li> 5. Jehu’s son, another descendant of Judah (1 Chr 2:38).<\/li>\n<li> 6. Ahimaaz’s son and Zadok’s grandson (1 Chr 6:9). If Azariah #1 was indeed a high priest, this Azariah could be identified with him.<\/li>\n<li> 7. Johanan’s son and Amariah’s father (1 Chr 6:10-11). He is identical with the Azariah of Ezra 7:3 and 2 Esdras 1:2, whose father (meaning “ancestor”) was Meraioth. The parenthetical note about Solomon’s temple (1 Chr 6:10) is generally held to go with the Azariah of verse 9 (see #6 above). It is possible, however, that this Azariah served in the temple (built by Solomon) during the reign of Uzziah and is therefore identical with #17 below.<\/li>\n<li> 8. Hilkiah’s son and Seriah’s father (1 Chr 6:13-14; Ezr 7:1; 2 Esd 1:1). Some have identified this Azariah with #10 or #11 below.<\/li>\n<li> 9. Zephaniah’s son, an ancestor of the singer Heman. Heman sang in the worship ritual instituted by King David (1 Chr 6:36).<\/li>\n<li>10. Hilkiah’s son or descendant, one of the first priests to settle in Jerusalem after the exile (1 Chr 9:11; “Seraiah,” Neh 11:11).<\/li>\n<li>11. Oded’s son, a prophet in the days of King Asa of Judah. He encouraged Asa to initiate badly needed reforms in the king’s 15th year (2 Chr 15:1-15).<\/li>\n<li>12, 13. Two sons of King Jehoshaphat of Judah. Along with four of their brothers, they were killed for political reasons by Jehoram, heir to the throne (2 Chr 21:1-4).<\/li>\n<li>14. Alternate name of Ahaziah, king of Judah (2 Chr 22:6, <span>kjv<\/span>). <em>See<\/em> Ahaziah #2.<\/li>\n<li>15. Jehoram’s son, one of Judah’s military commanders. This Azariah followed Jehoiada the priest in a rebellion that resulted in the execution of Queen Athaliah and the crowning of Joash as king (2 Chr 23:1).<\/li>\n<li>16. Obed’s son, another of the five commanders in league with Jehoiada against Athaliah (2 Chr 23:1).<\/li>\n<li>17. High priest in Jerusalem during the reign of King Uzziah (2 Chr 26:16-21). He opposed Uzziah’s arrogant attempt to burn incense on the altar. Perhaps the same as #7 above.<\/li>\n<li>18. Johanan’s son, a leader of Ephraim’s tribe. Azariah and other leaders of the tribe joined the prophet Obed in protesting the capture of Judean prisoners by King Pekah of Israel and in effecting their release (2 Chr 28:12).<\/li>\n<li>19. Descendant of Kohath and the father of a Levite named Joel. Joel participated in the temple cleansing instituted by King Hezekiah of Judah (2 Chr 29:12).<\/li>\n<li>20. Jehallelel’s son. This Azariah, a descendant of Merari, also participated in Hezekiah’s cleansing of the temple (2 Chr 29:12).<\/li>\n<li>21. Zadok’s descendant and high priest during the reign of Hezekiah of Judah (2 Chr 31:10, 13). He participated in Hezekiah’s massive religious reforms.<\/li>\n<li>22. Maaseiah’s son, a householder in Jerusalem who participated in Nehemiah’s rebuilding of the wall (Neh 3:23).<\/li>\n<li>23. Leader who returned to Judah with Zerubbabel after the Babylonian exile (Neh 7:7; “Seraiah,” Ezr 2:2).<\/li>\n<li>24. Levitical assistant of Ezra who explained to the people passages from the law read by Ezra (Neh 8:7).<\/li>\n<li>25. Priest who signed Ezra’s covenant of faithfulness to God with Nehemiah and others after the exile (Neh 10:2).<\/li>\n<li>26. Participant in the dedication of the rebuilt wall of Jerusalem (Neh 12:33).<\/li>\n<li>27. Alternate form of Jaazaniah, the name of Hoshaiah’s son, in Jeremiah 42:1 and 43:2. <em>See<\/em> Jaazaniah #1.<\/li>\n<li>28. One of the three young Jews taken into captivity with Daniel. In Babylon he was renamed Abednego (Dn 1:6-7, 11, 19; 2:17). <em>See<\/em> Shadrach, Meshach, and Abednego.<\/li>","summary_ro":"AZARIAH Very common Jewish name. Its numerous occurrences in the priestly genealogies has caused much confusion. The following is one of several possible arrangements: 1. Zadok’s son or grandson. According to most translations, Azariah was high priest during Solomon’s reign (1 Kgs 4:2). It is possible, however, that his position should be understood as that of a special counselor or keeper of the royal calendar. 2. Nathan’s son, a high official in King Solomon’s court. He was chief officer ov...","summary_en":"AZARIAH Very common Jewish name. Its numerous occurrences in the priestly genealogies has caused much confusion. The following is one of several possible arrangements: 1. Zadok’s son or grandson. According to most translations, Azariah was high priest during Solomon’s reign (1 Kgs 4:2). It is possible, however, that his position should be understood as that of a special counselor or keeper of the royal calendar. 2. Nathan’s son, a high official in King Solomon’s court. He was chief officer ov...","source":"Articles\/A.xml","external_url":null,"has_map":false,"has_picture":false},{"id":18862,"type":"article","type_label":"Articol","type_icon":"📖","type_color":"#d4af37","title_ro":"Jehu","title_en":"Jehu","content_ro":"<h3>JEHU<\/h3>\n<li>1. Prophet and son of the “seer” Hanani (2 Chr 16:7), who denounced Baasha for following in the ways of Jeroboam (1 Kgs 16:1-7). In addition to continuing the heretical worship of the golden calves at Bethel and Dan, Baasha also assassinated Nadab, the son of Jeroboam (15:25-32).<\/li>\n<p>Jehu later rebuked Jehoshaphat, king of Judah, for helping Ahab the king of Israel in his wars against the Arameans (2 Chr 19:1-2). The writings of this prophet were included in one of the records of the reign of Jehoshaphat, <em>The Book of the Kings of Israel<\/em> (2 Chr 20:34).<\/p>\n<li>2. Important army officer during the reigns of Ahab and Jehoram (2 Kgs 9:25), who in reaction to the economic and religious abuses of the house of Omri was anointed as king of the northern kingdom of Israel (1 Kgs 19:16-17). In the following revolution he exterminated the royal house of Israel, the king of Judah, and a royal party from the south (2 Kgs 9–10). He executed the worshipers of Baal in order to revive true worship in Israel. As king, he ruled in Samaria 28 years (841–814 <span>BC<\/span>) and began a dynasty that lasted some 100 years.<\/li>\n<p>In the time of Jehu the prophets were engaged in a religious equivalent of war with the adherents of the Tyrian Baal. Elijah met and defeated the Canaanite priests on Mt Carmel (1 Kgs 18:17-40). Later he and then Elisha were commissioned to anoint Jehu as king. The prophets waited until the time was right (2 Kgs 9:1-10), at which time Elisha sent a “son of the prophets” to Ramoth-gilead to designate Jehu as the monarch.<\/p>\n<p>Jehu left his siege of Ramoth-gilead in northern Transjordan to meet the king of Israel in Jezreel. There he killed King Jehoram and Ahaziah, the king of Judah (2 Kgs 9:17-28). His bloody ways continued as he extinguished the royal house of Ahab (10:1-17) and 42 ambassadors of goodwill from Judah (apparently without provocation, vv 12-14). Israel’s bloodbath finally ended in Samaria. There Jehu cunningly vowed to serve Baal with a zeal greater than that of Ahab. Unsuspecting devotees of Baal gathered in great numbers to join in a festival sacrifice. Instead, the devotees themselves became the sacrifice, and the house of Baal in Samaria was destroyed and desecrated by turning its ruins into a latrine (vv 18-27).<\/p>\n<p>Political and economic problems also contributed to the unrest. Under the reign of Ahab and Jezebel, justice was corrupted. The poor lost their land in the drought and their property rights were ignored (1 Kgs 18:5-6). Jehu threw the body of Jehoram into the field of Naboth the Jezreelite (2 Kgs 9:25-26) as justice for the crime of Ahab and Jezebel (1 Kgs 21:19; cf. v 13). But religious passions dominated the cause. Jehu called his slaughter of the house of Omri his “zeal for the Lord.” Jehonadab, a Recabite, joined Jehu as he traveled toward Samaria (2 Kgs 10:15-17). Recabites opposed social and economic developments that took place in the northern kingdom under Ahab. They followed a strict moral code and lived a simple life (Jer 35). Since Recabites represented the most conservative elements of Yahwism, they became natural allies for the reform of Jehu.<\/p>\n<p>Jehu’s revolution seriously weakened the worship of Baal. Although not all of the adherents were eliminated, Baalism no longer remained the official religion of the state (2 Kgs 10:28). Rather, Baalism united with Yahwism to form the sinister syncretistic religion that was denounced by Hosea.<\/p>\n<p>Politically, the revolt of Jehu was disastrous. The triple alliance between Tyre, Israel, and Judah was shattered by the atrocities. Israel, now isolated, became easy prey for Assyria and Syria. Jehu attempted to buy some help from Assyria by paying tribute to Shalmaneser III. That event is pictured on the Black Obelisk in a relief from the campaign of 841 <span>BC<\/span>. An inscription names “Jehu, son of Omri,” as the one kneeling before Shalmaneser.<\/p>\n<p>After the Assyrian threat dissipated in 838 <span>BC<\/span>, Hazael, king of Aram-Damascus, conquered all of Israelite Transjordan as far as the Arnon (2 Kgs 10:32-33). In a second campaign in 815 <span>BC<\/span>, Hazael moved across the Jordan River, through the Jezreel plain, and down the coast, conquering the land as far as Gath in the northern Shephelah. There the son of Jehu, Jehoahaz, paid tribute to Hazael (12:18). The revolution weakened Israel both politically and economically.<\/p>\n<p>Later generations spoke of the massacre of the house of Omri with horror (Hos 1:4). Jehu did not destroy the golden calves of Jeroboam, and so continued the syncretistic worship at Bethel and Dan. In the final analysis the revolution, which was meant to purge Israel of oppression and false religion, succeeded in doing neither.<\/p>\n<li>3. Member of Judah’s tribe, the son of Obed and Azariah’s father (1 Chr 2:38).<\/li>\n<li>4. Prince of Simeon’s tribe, and the son of Joshibiah, who, along with others, migrated from the approaches to the valley of Gedor eastward in search of good pasture (1 Chr 4:35).<\/li>\n<li>5. One of the skilled warriors who joined David at Ziklag. Interestingly, he was of Saul’s tribe, Benjamin, and from Anathoth, to which Abiathar of the priests of Eli was later banished (1 Chr 12:3).<\/li>\n<p><em>See also<\/em> Chronology of the Bible (Old Testament); Israel, History of.<\/p>","content_en":"<h3>JEHU<\/h3>\n<li>1. Prophet and son of the “seer” Hanani (2 Chr 16:7), who denounced Baasha for following in the ways of Jeroboam (1 Kgs 16:1-7). In addition to continuing the heretical worship of the golden calves at Bethel and Dan, Baasha also assassinated Nadab, the son of Jeroboam (15:25-32).<\/li>\n<p>Jehu later rebuked Jehoshaphat, king of Judah, for helping Ahab the king of Israel in his wars against the Arameans (2 Chr 19:1-2). The writings of this prophet were included in one of the records of the reign of Jehoshaphat, <em>The Book of the Kings of Israel<\/em> (2 Chr 20:34).<\/p>\n<li>2. Important army officer during the reigns of Ahab and Jehoram (2 Kgs 9:25), who in reaction to the economic and religious abuses of the house of Omri was anointed as king of the northern kingdom of Israel (1 Kgs 19:16-17). In the following revolution he exterminated the royal house of Israel, the king of Judah, and a royal party from the south (2 Kgs 9–10). He executed the worshipers of Baal in order to revive true worship in Israel. As king, he ruled in Samaria 28 years (841–814 <span>BC<\/span>) and began a dynasty that lasted some 100 years.<\/li>\n<p>In the time of Jehu the prophets were engaged in a religious equivalent of war with the adherents of the Tyrian Baal. Elijah met and defeated the Canaanite priests on Mt Carmel (1 Kgs 18:17-40). Later he and then Elisha were commissioned to anoint Jehu as king. The prophets waited until the time was right (2 Kgs 9:1-10), at which time Elisha sent a “son of the prophets” to Ramoth-gilead to designate Jehu as the monarch.<\/p>\n<p>Jehu left his siege of Ramoth-gilead in northern Transjordan to meet the king of Israel in Jezreel. There he killed King Jehoram and Ahaziah, the king of Judah (2 Kgs 9:17-28). His bloody ways continued as he extinguished the royal house of Ahab (10:1-17) and 42 ambassadors of goodwill from Judah (apparently without provocation, vv 12-14). Israel’s bloodbath finally ended in Samaria. There Jehu cunningly vowed to serve Baal with a zeal greater than that of Ahab. Unsuspecting devotees of Baal gathered in great numbers to join in a festival sacrifice. Instead, the devotees themselves became the sacrifice, and the house of Baal in Samaria was destroyed and desecrated by turning its ruins into a latrine (vv 18-27).<\/p>\n<p>Political and economic problems also contributed to the unrest. Under the reign of Ahab and Jezebel, justice was corrupted. The poor lost their land in the drought and their property rights were ignored (1 Kgs 18:5-6). Jehu threw the body of Jehoram into the field of Naboth the Jezreelite (2 Kgs 9:25-26) as justice for the crime of Ahab and Jezebel (1 Kgs 21:19; cf. v 13). But religious passions dominated the cause. Jehu called his slaughter of the house of Omri his “zeal for the Lord.” Jehonadab, a Recabite, joined Jehu as he traveled toward Samaria (2 Kgs 10:15-17). Recabites opposed social and economic developments that took place in the northern kingdom under Ahab. They followed a strict moral code and lived a simple life (Jer 35). Since Recabites represented the most conservative elements of Yahwism, they became natural allies for the reform of Jehu.<\/p>\n<p>Jehu’s revolution seriously weakened the worship of Baal. Although not all of the adherents were eliminated, Baalism no longer remained the official religion of the state (2 Kgs 10:28). Rather, Baalism united with Yahwism to form the sinister syncretistic religion that was denounced by Hosea.<\/p>\n<p>Politically, the revolt of Jehu was disastrous. The triple alliance between Tyre, Israel, and Judah was shattered by the atrocities. Israel, now isolated, became easy prey for Assyria and Syria. Jehu attempted to buy some help from Assyria by paying tribute to Shalmaneser III. That event is pictured on the Black Obelisk in a relief from the campaign of 841 <span>BC<\/span>. An inscription names “Jehu, son of Omri,” as the one kneeling before Shalmaneser.<\/p>\n<p>After the Assyrian threat dissipated in 838 <span>BC<\/span>, Hazael, king of Aram-Damascus, conquered all of Israelite Transjordan as far as the Arnon (2 Kgs 10:32-33). In a second campaign in 815 <span>BC<\/span>, Hazael moved across the Jordan River, through the Jezreel plain, and down the coast, conquering the land as far as Gath in the northern Shephelah. There the son of Jehu, Jehoahaz, paid tribute to Hazael (12:18). The revolution weakened Israel both politically and economically.<\/p>\n<p>Later generations spoke of the massacre of the house of Omri with horror (Hos 1:4). Jehu did not destroy the golden calves of Jeroboam, and so continued the syncretistic worship at Bethel and Dan. In the final analysis the revolution, which was meant to purge Israel of oppression and false religion, succeeded in doing neither.<\/p>\n<li>3. Member of Judah’s tribe, the son of Obed and Azariah’s father (1 Chr 2:38).<\/li>\n<li>4. Prince of Simeon’s tribe, and the son of Joshibiah, who, along with others, migrated from the approaches to the valley of Gedor eastward in search of good pasture (1 Chr 4:35).<\/li>\n<li>5. One of the skilled warriors who joined David at Ziklag. Interestingly, he was of Saul’s tribe, Benjamin, and from Anathoth, to which Abiathar of the priests of Eli was later banished (1 Chr 12:3).<\/li>\n<p><em>See also<\/em> Chronology of the Bible (Old Testament); Israel, History of.<\/p>","summary_ro":"JEHU 1. Prophet and son of the “seer” Hanani (2 Chr 16:7), who denounced Baasha for following in the ways of Jeroboam (1 Kgs 16:1-7). In addition to continuing the heretical worship of the golden calves at Bethel and Dan, Baasha also assassinated Nadab, the son of Jeroboam (15:25-32). Jehu later rebuked Jehoshaphat, king of Judah, for helping Ahab the king of Israel in his wars against the Arameans (2 Chr 19:1-2). The writings of this prophet were included in one of the records of the reign o...","summary_en":"JEHU 1. Prophet and son of the “seer” Hanani (2 Chr 16:7), who denounced Baasha for following in the ways of Jeroboam (1 Kgs 16:1-7). In addition to continuing the heretical worship of the golden calves at Bethel and Dan, Baasha also assassinated Nadab, the son of Jeroboam (15:25-32). Jehu later rebuked Jehoshaphat, king of Judah, for helping Ahab the king of Israel in his wars against the Arameans (2 Chr 19:1-2). The writings of this prophet were included in one of the records of the reign o...","source":"Articles\/J.xml","external_url":null,"has_map":false,"has_picture":false}],"39":[{"id":10344,"type":"article","type_label":"Articol","type_icon":"📖","type_color":"#d4af37","title_ro":"Eleasah","title_en":"Eleasah","content_ro":"<h3>ELEASAH<\/h3>\n<li>1. Helez’s son and member of Judah’s tribe (1 Chr 2:39-40).<\/li>\n<li>2. Raphah’s son and descendant of King Saul (1 Chr 8:37; 9:43).<\/li>","content_en":"<h3>ELEASAH<\/h3>\n<li>1. Helez’s son and member of Judah’s tribe (1 Chr 2:39-40).<\/li>\n<li>2. Raphah’s son and descendant of King Saul (1 Chr 8:37; 9:43).<\/li>","summary_ro":"ELEASAH 1. Helez’s son and member of Judah’s tribe (1 Chr 2:39-40). 2. Raphah’s son and descendant of King Saul (1 Chr 8:37; 9:43).","summary_en":"ELEASAH 1. Helez’s son and member of Judah’s tribe (1 Chr 2:39-40). 2. Raphah’s son and descendant of King Saul (1 Chr 8:37; 9:43).","source":"Articles\/E.xml","external_url":null,"has_map":false,"has_picture":false},{"id":16092,"type":"article","type_label":"Articol","type_icon":"📖","type_color":"#d4af37","title_ro":"Helez","title_en":"Helez","content_ro":"<h3>HELEZ<\/h3>\n<li>1. One of David’s valiant warriors, called a Paltite in 2 Samuel 23:26 and a Pelonite in 1 Chronicles 11:27. The former is probably correct and refers to a person from Bethpelet. Most scholars think he is the same man as the officer in charge of the seventh course during David’s reign (1 Chr 27:10).<\/li>\n<li>2. Jerahmeel’s descendant from Judah’s tribe (1 Chr 2:39).<\/li>","content_en":"<h3>HELEZ<\/h3>\n<li>1. One of David’s valiant warriors, called a Paltite in 2 Samuel 23:26 and a Pelonite in 1 Chronicles 11:27. The former is probably correct and refers to a person from Bethpelet. Most scholars think he is the same man as the officer in charge of the seventh course during David’s reign (1 Chr 27:10).<\/li>\n<li>2. Jerahmeel’s descendant from Judah’s tribe (1 Chr 2:39).<\/li>","summary_ro":"HELEZ 1. One of David’s valiant warriors, called a Paltite in 2 Samuel 23:26 and a Pelonite in 1 Chronicles 11:27. The former is probably correct and refers to a person from Bethpelet. Most scholars think he is the same man as the officer in charge of the seventh course during David’s reign (1 Chr 27:10). 2. Jerahmeel’s descendant from Judah’s tribe (1 Chr 2:39).","summary_en":"HELEZ 1. One of David’s valiant warriors, called a Paltite in 2 Samuel 23:26 and a Pelonite in 1 Chronicles 11:27. The former is probably correct and refers to a person from Bethpelet. Most scholars think he is the same man as the officer in charge of the seventh course during David’s reign (1 Chr 27:10). 2. Jerahmeel’s descendant from Judah’s tribe (1 Chr 2:39).","source":"Articles\/H.xml","external_url":null,"has_map":false,"has_picture":false}],"40":[{"id":34580,"type":"article","type_label":"Articol","type_icon":"📖","type_color":"#d4af37","title_ro":"Shallum","title_en":"Shallum","content_ro":"<h3>SHALLUM<\/h3>\n<li> 1. Son of Jabesh and Israel’s 16th king (752 <span>BC<\/span>). In a conspiracy against King Zechariah, Shallum murdered the monarch at Ibleam and declared himself ruler of Israel during the 39th year of King Uzziah’s (Azariah’s) reign in Judah (792–740 <span>BC<\/span>). However, in like manner, he was killed at the hands of Gadi after ruling for only one month (2 Kgs 15:10-15). <em>See<\/em> Chronology of the Bible (Old Testament); Israel, History of.<\/li>\n<li> 2. Son of Tikvah (alternately spelled Tokhath, see 2 Chr 34:22), who was keeper of the wardrobe and the husband of Huldah the prophetess, living in Jerusalem during the days of King Josiah (640–609 <span>BC<\/span>; 2 Kgs 22:14).<\/li>\n<li> 3. Sismai’s son and the father of Jekamiah from Judah’s tribe (1 Chr 2:40-41).<\/li>\n<li> 4. Alternate name for Jehoahaz, the youngest of King Josiah’s four sons and later Judah’s 17th king, in 1 Chronicles 3:15 and Jeremiah 22:11. <em>See<\/em> Jehoahaz #2.<\/li>\n<li> 5. Shaul’s son, Simeon’s grandson, and the father of Mibsam (1 Chr 4:25).<\/li>\n<li> 6. Alternate name for Meshullam, Zadok’s son and Ezra’s forefather, in 1 Chronicles 6:12-13 and Ezra 7:2. <em>See<\/em> Meshullam #7.<\/li>\n<li> 7. Alternate name for Shillem, the youngest of Naphtali’s four sons, in 1 Chronicles 7:13. <em>See<\/em> Shillem, Shillemite.<\/li>\n<li> 8. Alternate name for Meshullam, Kore’s son and chief of the gatekeepers (1 Chr 9:17-19, 31; Ezr 2:42; Neh 7:45). <em>See<\/em> Meshullam #20.<\/li>\n<li> 9. Ephraimite and the father of Jehizkiah (2 Chr 28:12).<\/li>\n<li>10. One of the Levitical gatekeepers who was encouraged by Ezra to divorce his foreign wife during the postexilic era (Ezr 10:24).<\/li>\n<li>11. One of the descendants of Binnui who was encouraged by Ezra to divorce his foreign wife (Ezr 10:42).<\/li>\n<li>12. Hallohesh’s son and a ruler of Jerusalem who, along with his daughters, repaired the section of city wall next to the Tower of the Ovens (Neh 3:12).<\/li>\n<li>13. Col-hozeh’s son and ruler of the Mizpah district, who rebuilt the Fountain Gate and the wall of the pool of Shelah of the king’s garden (Neh 3:15).<\/li>\n<li>14. Uncle of Hanamel and Jeremiah, who sold to the latter his field at Anathoth during King Zedekiah’s reign (597–586 <span>BC<\/span>; Jer 32:7). He is perhaps identifiable with #2 above.<\/li>\n<li>15. Maaseiah’s father. Maaseiah, keeper of the threshold, owned a chamber in the sanctuary during Jehoiakim’s reign (609–598 <span>BC<\/span>; Jer 35:4, <span>kjv<\/span>; cf. 52:24).<\/li>","content_en":"<h3>SHALLUM<\/h3>\n<li> 1. Son of Jabesh and Israel’s 16th king (752 <span>BC<\/span>). In a conspiracy against King Zechariah, Shallum murdered the monarch at Ibleam and declared himself ruler of Israel during the 39th year of King Uzziah’s (Azariah’s) reign in Judah (792–740 <span>BC<\/span>). However, in like manner, he was killed at the hands of Gadi after ruling for only one month (2 Kgs 15:10-15). <em>See<\/em> Chronology of the Bible (Old Testament); Israel, History of.<\/li>\n<li> 2. Son of Tikvah (alternately spelled Tokhath, see 2 Chr 34:22), who was keeper of the wardrobe and the husband of Huldah the prophetess, living in Jerusalem during the days of King Josiah (640–609 <span>BC<\/span>; 2 Kgs 22:14).<\/li>\n<li> 3. Sismai’s son and the father of Jekamiah from Judah’s tribe (1 Chr 2:40-41).<\/li>\n<li> 4. Alternate name for Jehoahaz, the youngest of King Josiah’s four sons and later Judah’s 17th king, in 1 Chronicles 3:15 and Jeremiah 22:11. <em>See<\/em> Jehoahaz #2.<\/li>\n<li> 5. Shaul’s son, Simeon’s grandson, and the father of Mibsam (1 Chr 4:25).<\/li>\n<li> 6. Alternate name for Meshullam, Zadok’s son and Ezra’s forefather, in 1 Chronicles 6:12-13 and Ezra 7:2. <em>See<\/em> Meshullam #7.<\/li>\n<li> 7. Alternate name for Shillem, the youngest of Naphtali’s four sons, in 1 Chronicles 7:13. <em>See<\/em> Shillem, Shillemite.<\/li>\n<li> 8. Alternate name for Meshullam, Kore’s son and chief of the gatekeepers (1 Chr 9:17-19, 31; Ezr 2:42; Neh 7:45). <em>See<\/em> Meshullam #20.<\/li>\n<li> 9. Ephraimite and the father of Jehizkiah (2 Chr 28:12).<\/li>\n<li>10. One of the Levitical gatekeepers who was encouraged by Ezra to divorce his foreign wife during the postexilic era (Ezr 10:24).<\/li>\n<li>11. One of the descendants of Binnui who was encouraged by Ezra to divorce his foreign wife (Ezr 10:42).<\/li>\n<li>12. Hallohesh’s son and a ruler of Jerusalem who, along with his daughters, repaired the section of city wall next to the Tower of the Ovens (Neh 3:12).<\/li>\n<li>13. Col-hozeh’s son and ruler of the Mizpah district, who rebuilt the Fountain Gate and the wall of the pool of Shelah of the king’s garden (Neh 3:15).<\/li>\n<li>14. Uncle of Hanamel and Jeremiah, who sold to the latter his field at Anathoth during King Zedekiah’s reign (597–586 <span>BC<\/span>; Jer 32:7). He is perhaps identifiable with #2 above.<\/li>\n<li>15. Maaseiah’s father. Maaseiah, keeper of the threshold, owned a chamber in the sanctuary during Jehoiakim’s reign (609–598 <span>BC<\/span>; Jer 35:4, <span>kjv<\/span>; cf. 52:24).<\/li>","summary_ro":"SHALLUM 1. Son of Jabesh and Israel’s 16th king (752 BC). In a conspiracy against King Zechariah, Shallum murdered the monarch at Ibleam and declared himself ruler of Israel during the 39th year of King Uzziah’s (Azariah’s) reign in Judah (792–740 BC). However, in like manner, he was killed at the hands of Gadi after ruling for only one month (2 Kgs 15:10-15). See Chronology of the Bible (Old Testament); Israel, History of. 2. Son of Tikvah (alternately spelled Tokhath, see 2 Chr 34:22), who ...","summary_en":"SHALLUM 1. Son of Jabesh and Israel’s 16th king (752 BC). In a conspiracy against King Zechariah, Shallum murdered the monarch at Ibleam and declared himself ruler of Israel during the 39th year of King Uzziah’s (Azariah’s) reign in Judah (792–740 BC). However, in like manner, he was killed at the hands of Gadi after ruling for only one month (2 Kgs 15:10-15). See Chronology of the Bible (Old Testament); Israel, History of. 2. Son of Tikvah (alternately spelled Tokhath, see 2 Chr 34:22), who ...","source":"Articles\/S.xml","external_url":null,"has_map":false,"has_picture":false},{"id":35591,"type":"article","type_label":"Articol","type_icon":"📖","type_color":"#d4af37","title_ro":"Sismai","title_en":"Sismai","content_ro":"<h3>SISMAI<\/h3>\n<p>Eleasah’s son and the father of Shallum; a Judahite from the house of Hezron and Jerahmeel’s line (1 Chr 2:40).<\/p>","content_en":"<h3>SISMAI<\/h3>\n<p>Eleasah’s son and the father of Shallum; a Judahite from the house of Hezron and Jerahmeel’s line (1 Chr 2:40).<\/p>","summary_ro":"SISMAI Eleasah’s son and the father of Shallum; a Judahite from the house of Hezron and Jerahmeel’s line (1 Chr 2:40).","summary_en":"SISMAI Eleasah’s son and the father of Shallum; a Judahite from the house of Hezron and Jerahmeel’s line (1 Chr 2:40).","source":"Articles\/S.xml","external_url":null,"has_map":false,"has_picture":false}],"41":[{"id":10677,"type":"article","type_label":"Articol","type_icon":"📖","type_color":"#d4af37","title_ro":"Elishama","title_en":"Elishama","content_ro":"<h3>ELISHAMA<\/h3>\n<li>1. Ammihud’s son and leader of the Ephraimites at the beginning of the journey in the wilderness (Nm 1:10; 2:18; 7:48, 53). His was the ninth tribe in line during the wilderness march (10:22). Elishama was the father of Nun and grandfather of Joshua (1 Chr 7:26).<\/li>\n<li>2. One of David’s 13 sons born in Jerusalem to a legitimate wife (2 Sm 5:16; 1 Chr 3:8; 14:7).<\/li>\n<li>3. Ishmael’s ancestor. Ishmael killed Gedaliah, the governor of Israel appointed by Nebuchadnezzar (2 Kgs 25:25; Jer 41:1).<\/li>\n<li>4. Man of Judah descended through Jerahmeel and Sheshan (1 Chr 2:41).<\/li>\n<li>5. Another of David’s sons (1 Chr 3:6); alternately called Elishua in 2 Samuel 5:15 and 1 Chronicles 14:5. <em>See<\/em> Elishua.<\/li>\n<li>6. Priest sent by Jehoshaphat to instruct the Judeans in the law of God (2 Chr 17:8).<\/li>\n<li>7. Prince and scribe in Jeremiah’s time (Jer 36:12). He heard Baruch read the words of God, and later the scroll of the Lord remained in Elishama’s chamber until the king requested it to be read (vv 20-21).<\/li>","content_en":"<h3>ELISHAMA<\/h3>\n<li>1. Ammihud’s son and leader of the Ephraimites at the beginning of the journey in the wilderness (Nm 1:10; 2:18; 7:48, 53). His was the ninth tribe in line during the wilderness march (10:22). Elishama was the father of Nun and grandfather of Joshua (1 Chr 7:26).<\/li>\n<li>2. One of David’s 13 sons born in Jerusalem to a legitimate wife (2 Sm 5:16; 1 Chr 3:8; 14:7).<\/li>\n<li>3. Ishmael’s ancestor. Ishmael killed Gedaliah, the governor of Israel appointed by Nebuchadnezzar (2 Kgs 25:25; Jer 41:1).<\/li>\n<li>4. Man of Judah descended through Jerahmeel and Sheshan (1 Chr 2:41).<\/li>\n<li>5. Another of David’s sons (1 Chr 3:6); alternately called Elishua in 2 Samuel 5:15 and 1 Chronicles 14:5. <em>See<\/em> Elishua.<\/li>\n<li>6. Priest sent by Jehoshaphat to instruct the Judeans in the law of God (2 Chr 17:8).<\/li>\n<li>7. Prince and scribe in Jeremiah’s time (Jer 36:12). He heard Baruch read the words of God, and later the scroll of the Lord remained in Elishama’s chamber until the king requested it to be read (vv 20-21).<\/li>","summary_ro":"ELISHAMA 1. Ammihud’s son and leader of the Ephraimites at the beginning of the journey in the wilderness (Nm 1:10; 2:18; 7:48, 53). His was the ninth tribe in line during the wilderness march (10:22). Elishama was the father of Nun and grandfather of Joshua (1 Chr 7:26). 2. One of David’s 13 sons born in Jerusalem to a legitimate wife (2 Sm 5:16; 1 Chr 3:8; 14:7). 3. Ishmael’s ancestor. Ishmael killed Gedaliah, the governor of Israel appointed by Nebuchadnezzar (2 Kgs 25:25; Jer 41:1). 4. Ma...","summary_en":"ELISHAMA 1. Ammihud’s son and leader of the Ephraimites at the beginning of the journey in the wilderness (Nm 1:10; 2:18; 7:48, 53). His was the ninth tribe in line during the wilderness march (10:22). Elishama was the father of Nun and grandfather of Joshua (1 Chr 7:26). 2. One of David’s 13 sons born in Jerusalem to a legitimate wife (2 Sm 5:16; 1 Chr 3:8; 14:7). 3. Ishmael’s ancestor. Ishmael killed Gedaliah, the governor of Israel appointed by Nebuchadnezzar (2 Kgs 25:25; Jer 41:1). 4. Ma...","source":"Articles\/E.xml","external_url":null,"has_map":false,"has_picture":false},{"id":18887,"type":"article","type_label":"Articol","type_icon":"📖","type_color":"#d4af37","title_ro":"Jekamiah","title_en":"Jekamiah","content_ro":"<h3>JEKAMIAH<\/h3>\n<li>1. Shallum’s son from Judah’s tribe (1 Chr 2:41).<\/li>\n<li>2. One of King Jehoiachin’s sons (1 Chr 3:18).<\/li>","content_en":"<h3>JEKAMIAH<\/h3>\n<li>1. Shallum’s son from Judah’s tribe (1 Chr 2:41).<\/li>\n<li>2. One of King Jehoiachin’s sons (1 Chr 3:18).<\/li>","summary_ro":"JEKAMIAH 1. Shallum’s son from Judah’s tribe (1 Chr 2:41). 2. One of King Jehoiachin’s sons (1 Chr 3:18).","summary_en":"JEKAMIAH 1. Shallum’s son from Judah’s tribe (1 Chr 2:41). 2. One of King Jehoiachin’s sons (1 Chr 3:18).","source":"Articles\/J.xml","external_url":null,"has_map":false,"has_picture":false}],"42":[{"id":16027,"type":"article","type_label":"Articol","type_icon":"📖","type_color":"#d4af37","title_ro":"Hebron (Person)","title_en":"Hebron (Person)","content_ro":"<h3>HEBRON (P<span>erson<\/span>)<\/h3>\n<li>1. Third of Kohath’s four sons, Hebron was a descendant of Levi (Ex 6:18; Nm 3:19; 1 Chr 6:2, 18; 23:12). Hebron’s sons were Jeriah, Amariah, Jahaziel, and Jekameam (1 Chr 23:19). Hebron’s descendants were called the Hebronites. They are mentioned in a census taken in the plains of Moab (Nm 26:58). The Hebronites are mentioned in connection with the transfer of the ark to Jerusalem in David’s time (1 Chr 15:9; 26:23, 30-31).<\/li>\n<li>2. Mareshah’s son and Korah’s father (1 Chr 2:42-43).<\/li>","content_en":"<h3>HEBRON (P<span>erson<\/span>)<\/h3>\n<li>1. Third of Kohath’s four sons, Hebron was a descendant of Levi (Ex 6:18; Nm 3:19; 1 Chr 6:2, 18; 23:12). Hebron’s sons were Jeriah, Amariah, Jahaziel, and Jekameam (1 Chr 23:19). Hebron’s descendants were called the Hebronites. They are mentioned in a census taken in the plains of Moab (Nm 26:58). The Hebronites are mentioned in connection with the transfer of the ark to Jerusalem in David’s time (1 Chr 15:9; 26:23, 30-31).<\/li>\n<li>2. Mareshah’s son and Korah’s father (1 Chr 2:42-43).<\/li>","summary_ro":"HEBRON (Person) 1. Third of Kohath’s four sons, Hebron was a descendant of Levi (Ex 6:18; Nm 3:19; 1 Chr 6:2, 18; 23:12). Hebron’s sons were Jeriah, Amariah, Jahaziel, and Jekameam (1 Chr 23:19). Hebron’s descendants were called the Hebronites. They are mentioned in a census taken in the plains of Moab (Nm 26:58). The Hebronites are mentioned in connection with the transfer of the ark to Jerusalem in David’s time (1 Chr 15:9; 26:23, 30-31). 2. Mareshah’s son and Korah’s father (1 Chr 2:42-43).","summary_en":"HEBRON (Person) 1. Third of Kohath’s four sons, Hebron was a descendant of Levi (Ex 6:18; Nm 3:19; 1 Chr 6:2, 18; 23:12). Hebron’s sons were Jeriah, Amariah, Jahaziel, and Jekameam (1 Chr 23:19). Hebron’s descendants were called the Hebronites. They are mentioned in a census taken in the plains of Moab (Nm 26:58). The Hebronites are mentioned in connection with the transfer of the ark to Jerusalem in David’s time (1 Chr 15:9; 26:23, 30-31). 2. Mareshah’s son and Korah’s father (1 Chr 2:42-43).","source":"Articles\/H.xml","external_url":null,"has_map":false,"has_picture":false},{"id":24310,"type":"article","type_label":"Articol","type_icon":"📖","type_color":"#d4af37","title_ro":"Mareshah (Person)","title_en":"Mareshah (Person)","content_ro":"<h3>MARESHAH (P<span>erson<\/span>)<\/h3>\n<li>1. Caleb’s firstborn son and the father of Hebron (1 Chr 2:42; <span>rsv<\/span>, based on the Greek text). He is alternately called Mesha in the Hebrew text (<span>rsv<\/span> mg). <em>See<\/em> Mesha (Person) #2.<\/li>\n<li>2. Perhaps a Judahite son of Laadah (1 Chr 4:21).<\/li>","content_en":"<h3>MARESHAH (P<span>erson<\/span>)<\/h3>\n<li>1. Caleb’s firstborn son and the father of Hebron (1 Chr 2:42; <span>rsv<\/span>, based on the Greek text). He is alternately called Mesha in the Hebrew text (<span>rsv<\/span> mg). <em>See<\/em> Mesha (Person) #2.<\/li>\n<li>2. Perhaps a Judahite son of Laadah (1 Chr 4:21).<\/li>","summary_ro":"MARESHAH (Person) 1. Caleb’s firstborn son and the father of Hebron (1 Chr 2:42; rsv, based on the Greek text). He is alternately called Mesha in the Hebrew text (rsv mg). See Mesha (Person) #2. 2. Perhaps a Judahite son of Laadah (1 Chr 4:21).","summary_en":"MARESHAH (Person) 1. Caleb’s firstborn son and the father of Hebron (1 Chr 2:42; rsv, based on the Greek text). He is alternately called Mesha in the Hebrew text (rsv mg). See Mesha (Person) #2. 2. Perhaps a Judahite son of Laadah (1 Chr 4:21).","source":"Articles\/M.xml","external_url":null,"has_map":false,"has_picture":false},{"id":25285,"type":"article","type_label":"Articol","type_icon":"📖","type_color":"#d4af37","title_ro":"Mesha (Person)","title_en":"Mesha (Person)","content_ro":"<h3>MESHA (P<span>erson<\/span>)<\/h3>\n<li>1. King of Moab in the ninth century <span>BC<\/span> whose name is derived from a root meaning “to save or deliver.” According to 2 Kings 3:4-5, Mesha was a sheep breeder who paid heavy tribute to Israel during the time of Ahab but rebelled after Ahab’s death (2 Kgs 1:1). Later, Jehoram the son of Ahab joined with Jehoshaphat of Judah and the king of Edom in an attempt to reestablish hegemony over Moab. When the battle went against the Moabites, Mesha took his eldest son and offered him as a human sacrifice upon the wall of the city to the Moabite god Chemosh (3:27).<\/li>\n<li>2. Caleb’s son and the father of Ziph (1 Chr 2:42). In the Greek text the latter part of this verse appears to say that Mesha was the father of Hebron, though the Hebrew text here substitutes the name Mareshah for Mesha. The <span>rsv<\/span> (following the Septuagint) reads Mareshah in both places. <em>See<\/em> Mareshah (Person) #1.<\/li>\n<li>3. Benjamite and one of the sons of Shaharaim born by Hodesh in the land of Moab (1 Chr 8:9).<\/li>","content_en":"<h3>MESHA (P<span>erson<\/span>)<\/h3>\n<li>1. King of Moab in the ninth century <span>BC<\/span> whose name is derived from a root meaning “to save or deliver.” According to 2 Kings 3:4-5, Mesha was a sheep breeder who paid heavy tribute to Israel during the time of Ahab but rebelled after Ahab’s death (2 Kgs 1:1). Later, Jehoram the son of Ahab joined with Jehoshaphat of Judah and the king of Edom in an attempt to reestablish hegemony over Moab. When the battle went against the Moabites, Mesha took his eldest son and offered him as a human sacrifice upon the wall of the city to the Moabite god Chemosh (3:27).<\/li>\n<li>2. Caleb’s son and the father of Ziph (1 Chr 2:42). In the Greek text the latter part of this verse appears to say that Mesha was the father of Hebron, though the Hebrew text here substitutes the name Mareshah for Mesha. The <span>rsv<\/span> (following the Septuagint) reads Mareshah in both places. <em>See<\/em> Mareshah (Person) #1.<\/li>\n<li>3. Benjamite and one of the sons of Shaharaim born by Hodesh in the land of Moab (1 Chr 8:9).<\/li>","summary_ro":"MESHA (Person) 1. King of Moab in the ninth century BC whose name is derived from a root meaning “to save or deliver.” According to 2 Kings 3:4-5, Mesha was a sheep breeder who paid heavy tribute to Israel during the time of Ahab but rebelled after Ahab’s death (2 Kgs 1:1). Later, Jehoram the son of Ahab joined with Jehoshaphat of Judah and the king of Edom in an attempt to reestablish hegemony over Moab. When the battle went against the Moabites, Mesha took his eldest son and offered him as ...","summary_en":"MESHA (Person) 1. King of Moab in the ninth century BC whose name is derived from a root meaning “to save or deliver.” According to 2 Kings 3:4-5, Mesha was a sheep breeder who paid heavy tribute to Israel during the time of Ahab but rebelled after Ahab’s death (2 Kgs 1:1). Later, Jehoram the son of Ahab joined with Jehoshaphat of Judah and the king of Edom in an attempt to reestablish hegemony over Moab. When the battle went against the Moabites, Mesha took his eldest son and offered him as ...","source":"Articles\/M.xml","external_url":null,"has_map":false,"has_picture":false},{"id":39453,"type":"article","type_label":"Articol","type_icon":"📖","type_color":"#d4af37","title_ro":"Ziph (Person)","title_en":"Ziph (Person)","content_ro":"<h3>ZIPH (P<span>erson<\/span>)<\/h3>\n<li>1. Descendant of Caleb from Judah’s tribe (1 Chr 2:42).<\/li>\n<li>2. One of the sons of Jehallelel from Judah’s tribe (1 Chr 4:16).<\/li>","content_en":"<h3>ZIPH (P<span>erson<\/span>)<\/h3>\n<li>1. Descendant of Caleb from Judah’s tribe (1 Chr 2:42).<\/li>\n<li>2. One of the sons of Jehallelel from Judah’s tribe (1 Chr 4:16).<\/li>","summary_ro":"ZIPH (Person) 1. Descendant of Caleb from Judah’s tribe (1 Chr 2:42). 2. One of the sons of Jehallelel from Judah’s tribe (1 Chr 4:16).","summary_en":"ZIPH (Person) 1. Descendant of Caleb from Judah’s tribe (1 Chr 2:42). 2. One of the sons of Jehallelel from Judah’s tribe (1 Chr 4:16).","source":"Articles\/Z.xml","external_url":null,"has_map":false,"has_picture":false},{"id":39457,"type":"article","type_label":"Articol","type_icon":"📖","type_color":"#d4af37","title_ro":"Ziph (Place)","title_en":"Ziph (Place)","content_ro":"<h3>ZIPH (P<span>lace<\/span>)<\/h3>\n<li>1. One of the cities in the extreme south assigned to Judah’s tribe for an inheritance (Jos 15:24).<\/li>\n<li>2. One of the cities in the hill country belonging to Judah’s tribe (Jos 15:55), mentioned with Maon, Carmel, Jezreel, and most prominently with Hebron (cf. 1 Chr 2:42). Ziph has been identified with a site three miles (4.8 kilometers) south of Hebron. The surrounding wilderness region is probably the “wilderness of Ziph” where David hid from Saul (1 Sm 23:14-15; 26:2). The Ziphites who betrayed David to Saul were residents of this city and the surrounding region (1 Sm 23:19; 26:1; Ps 54 title). Ziph is later mentioned as one of the cities fortified by Rehoboam (2 Chr 11:8).<\/li>","content_en":"<h3>ZIPH (P<span>lace<\/span>)<\/h3>\n<li>1. One of the cities in the extreme south assigned to Judah’s tribe for an inheritance (Jos 15:24).<\/li>\n<li>2. One of the cities in the hill country belonging to Judah’s tribe (Jos 15:55), mentioned with Maon, Carmel, Jezreel, and most prominently with Hebron (cf. 1 Chr 2:42). Ziph has been identified with a site three miles (4.8 kilometers) south of Hebron. The surrounding wilderness region is probably the “wilderness of Ziph” where David hid from Saul (1 Sm 23:14-15; 26:2). The Ziphites who betrayed David to Saul were residents of this city and the surrounding region (1 Sm 23:19; 26:1; Ps 54 title). Ziph is later mentioned as one of the cities fortified by Rehoboam (2 Chr 11:8).<\/li>","summary_ro":"ZIPH (Place) 1. One of the cities in the extreme south assigned to Judah’s tribe for an inheritance (Jos 15:24). 2. One of the cities in the hill country belonging to Judah’s tribe (Jos 15:55), mentioned with Maon, Carmel, Jezreel, and most prominently with Hebron (cf. 1 Chr 2:42). Ziph has been identified with a site three miles (4.8 kilometers) south of Hebron. The surrounding wilderness region is probably the “wilderness of Ziph” where David hid from Saul (1 Sm 23:14-15; 26:2). The Ziphite...","summary_en":"ZIPH (Place) 1. One of the cities in the extreme south assigned to Judah’s tribe for an inheritance (Jos 15:24). 2. One of the cities in the hill country belonging to Judah’s tribe (Jos 15:55), mentioned with Maon, Carmel, Jezreel, and most prominently with Hebron (cf. 1 Chr 2:42). Ziph has been identified with a site three miles (4.8 kilometers) south of Hebron. The surrounding wilderness region is probably the “wilderness of Ziph” where David hid from Saul (1 Sm 23:14-15; 26:2). The Ziphite...","source":"Articles\/Z.xml","external_url":null,"has_map":false,"has_picture":false}],"43":[{"id":22325,"type":"article","type_label":"Articol","type_icon":"📖","type_color":"#d4af37","title_ro":"Korah","title_en":"Korah","content_ro":"<h3>KORAH<\/h3>\n<li>1. Third son of Esau by Oholibamah, daughter of Anah (Gn 36:5,14,18; 1 Chr 1:35).<\/li>\n<li>2. Esau’s grandson; fifth son of Eliphaz (Gn 36:16).<\/li>\n<li>3. Eldest son of Izhar, Kohath’s son from Levi’s tribe (Ex 6:21, 24), who led a rebellion against Moses and Aaron in the wilderness, accusing them of exalting themselves above the assembly of the Lord (Nm 16:1-3). Numbers 16:1 also records a revolt led by two brothers, Dathan and Abiram, and a man named On, all of the tribe of Reuben, who also challenged the authority of Moses. Dathan and Abiram accused Moses of making himself a prince over the people and then failing to lead them into the Promised Land (vv 12-14). The stories of the two rebellions are interwoven in such a way that it is difficult to separate them. It may be that the two revolts occurred simultaneously.<\/li>\n<p>Moses challenged Korah and his followers to a trial by ordeal. Together with Aaron, they were to take censers filled with fire and incense to the tent of meeting the next day; the Lord would then select from among them whoever should be the holy priest before the Lord (Nm 16:4-10, 15-17). Moses accused Korah and his company of rebelling against God rather than against Aaron (v 11). When the men gathered as Moses had instructed, the glory of the Lord appeared to all the people. The Lord ordered Moses to tell the congregation to separate themselves from the tents of Korah, Dathan, and Abiram (vv 19-24). Moses proposed a test to show the source of his authority, but while he was still speaking, the earth opened and swallowed all the rebels, their families, and their possessions. Fire consumed the 250 men who were offering the incense. The rest of the Israelites were terrified and fled from the scene (vv 31-35). Numbers 26:11 adds, however, that “the sons of Korah did not die that day” with the others.<\/p>\n<p>Then, through Moses, the Lord instructed Eleazar, the son of Aaron, to take the censers of the men who had died and have them made into hammered plates to be used as a covering for the altar; thus, they would serve as a reminder to the Israelites that no one who was not a priest and a descendant of Aaron should ever draw near to burn incense before the Lord, lest that person meet the same fate as Korah and his company (Nm 16:36-40).<\/p>\n<p>Instead of being convinced that God had vindicated Moses and Aaron, the next day the congregation began complaining that they had killed the Lord’s people. For this act of rebellion God threatened to destroy the congregation and sent a plague among them. Moses interceded and averted complete catastrophe, but not before 14,700 Israelites had died (Nm 16:41-50). The rebellious incident of the Korahites is last mentioned in Jude 1:11.<\/p>\n<p><em>See also<\/em> Korahite, Korathite.<\/p>\n<li>4. Eldest son of Hebron, included in the genealogy of Caleb (1 Chr 2:43); the reference has been understood as a geographical name, possibly a town in Judah.<\/li>\n<li>5. Aminadab’s son and grandson of Kohath, second son of Levi (1 Chr 6:22).<\/li>","content_en":"<h3>KORAH<\/h3>\n<li>1. Third son of Esau by Oholibamah, daughter of Anah (Gn 36:5,14,18; 1 Chr 1:35).<\/li>\n<li>2. Esau’s grandson; fifth son of Eliphaz (Gn 36:16).<\/li>\n<li>3. Eldest son of Izhar, Kohath’s son from Levi’s tribe (Ex 6:21, 24), who led a rebellion against Moses and Aaron in the wilderness, accusing them of exalting themselves above the assembly of the Lord (Nm 16:1-3). Numbers 16:1 also records a revolt led by two brothers, Dathan and Abiram, and a man named On, all of the tribe of Reuben, who also challenged the authority of Moses. Dathan and Abiram accused Moses of making himself a prince over the people and then failing to lead them into the Promised Land (vv 12-14). The stories of the two rebellions are interwoven in such a way that it is difficult to separate them. It may be that the two revolts occurred simultaneously.<\/li>\n<p>Moses challenged Korah and his followers to a trial by ordeal. Together with Aaron, they were to take censers filled with fire and incense to the tent of meeting the next day; the Lord would then select from among them whoever should be the holy priest before the Lord (Nm 16:4-10, 15-17). Moses accused Korah and his company of rebelling against God rather than against Aaron (v 11). When the men gathered as Moses had instructed, the glory of the Lord appeared to all the people. The Lord ordered Moses to tell the congregation to separate themselves from the tents of Korah, Dathan, and Abiram (vv 19-24). Moses proposed a test to show the source of his authority, but while he was still speaking, the earth opened and swallowed all the rebels, their families, and their possessions. Fire consumed the 250 men who were offering the incense. The rest of the Israelites were terrified and fled from the scene (vv 31-35). Numbers 26:11 adds, however, that “the sons of Korah did not die that day” with the others.<\/p>\n<p>Then, through Moses, the Lord instructed Eleazar, the son of Aaron, to take the censers of the men who had died and have them made into hammered plates to be used as a covering for the altar; thus, they would serve as a reminder to the Israelites that no one who was not a priest and a descendant of Aaron should ever draw near to burn incense before the Lord, lest that person meet the same fate as Korah and his company (Nm 16:36-40).<\/p>\n<p>Instead of being convinced that God had vindicated Moses and Aaron, the next day the congregation began complaining that they had killed the Lord’s people. For this act of rebellion God threatened to destroy the congregation and sent a plague among them. Moses interceded and averted complete catastrophe, but not before 14,700 Israelites had died (Nm 16:41-50). The rebellious incident of the Korahites is last mentioned in Jude 1:11.<\/p>\n<p><em>See also<\/em> Korahite, Korathite.<\/p>\n<li>4. Eldest son of Hebron, included in the genealogy of Caleb (1 Chr 2:43); the reference has been understood as a geographical name, possibly a town in Judah.<\/li>\n<li>5. Aminadab’s son and grandson of Kohath, second son of Levi (1 Chr 6:22).<\/li>","summary_ro":"KORAH 1. Third son of Esau by Oholibamah, daughter of Anah (Gn 36:5,14,18; 1 Chr 1:35). 2. Esau’s grandson; fifth son of Eliphaz (Gn 36:16). 3. Eldest son of Izhar, Kohath’s son from Levi’s tribe (Ex 6:21, 24), who led a rebellion against Moses and Aaron in the wilderness, accusing them of exalting themselves above the assembly of the Lord (Nm 16:1-3). Numbers 16:1 also records a revolt led by two brothers, Dathan and Abiram, and a man named On, all of the tribe of Reuben, who also challenged...","summary_en":"KORAH 1. Third son of Esau by Oholibamah, daughter of Anah (Gn 36:5,14,18; 1 Chr 1:35). 2. Esau’s grandson; fifth son of Eliphaz (Gn 36:16). 3. Eldest son of Izhar, Kohath’s son from Levi’s tribe (Ex 6:21, 24), who led a rebellion against Moses and Aaron in the wilderness, accusing them of exalting themselves above the assembly of the Lord (Nm 16:1-3). Numbers 16:1 also records a revolt led by two brothers, Dathan and Abiram, and a man named On, all of the tribe of Reuben, who also challenged...","source":"Articles\/K.xml","external_url":null,"has_map":false,"has_picture":false},{"id":32653,"type":"article","type_label":"Articol","type_icon":"📖","type_color":"#d4af37","title_ro":"Rekem (Person)","title_en":"Rekem (Person)","content_ro":"<h3>REKEM (P<span>erson<\/span>)<\/h3>\n<li>1. Prince or king of Midian killed with his four accomplices in a battle waged by Moses at the Lord’s command (Nm 31:8, Jos 13:21). Israelites living in the vicinity of Rekem’s dominion had been seduced to the worship of Baal-peor.<\/li>\n<li>2. Son of Hebron, a descendant of Caleb, and Shammai’s father (1 Chr 2:43-44).<\/li>","content_en":"<h3>REKEM (P<span>erson<\/span>)<\/h3>\n<li>1. Prince or king of Midian killed with his four accomplices in a battle waged by Moses at the Lord’s command (Nm 31:8, Jos 13:21). Israelites living in the vicinity of Rekem’s dominion had been seduced to the worship of Baal-peor.<\/li>\n<li>2. Son of Hebron, a descendant of Caleb, and Shammai’s father (1 Chr 2:43-44).<\/li>","summary_ro":"REKEM (Person) 1. Prince or king of Midian killed with his four accomplices in a battle waged by Moses at the Lord’s command (Nm 31:8, Jos 13:21). Israelites living in the vicinity of Rekem’s dominion had been seduced to the worship of Baal-peor. 2. Son of Hebron, a descendant of Caleb, and Shammai’s father (1 Chr 2:43-44).","summary_en":"REKEM (Person) 1. Prince or king of Midian killed with his four accomplices in a battle waged by Moses at the Lord’s command (Nm 31:8, Jos 13:21). Israelites living in the vicinity of Rekem’s dominion had been seduced to the worship of Baal-peor. 2. Son of Hebron, a descendant of Caleb, and Shammai’s father (1 Chr 2:43-44).","source":"Articles\/R.xml","external_url":null,"has_map":false,"has_picture":false},{"id":34869,"type":"article","type_label":"Articol","type_icon":"📖","type_color":"#d4af37","title_ro":"Shema (Person)","title_en":"Shema (Person)","content_ro":"<h3>SHEMA (P<span>erson<\/span>)<\/h3>\n<li>1. Judahite, Hebron’s son and a descendant of Caleb (1 Chr 2:43-44).<\/li>\n<li>2. Reubenite and Joel’s son (1 Chr 5:8). He is perhaps identifiable with Shemaiah or Shimei in 1 Chronicles 5:4.<\/li>\n<li>3. Benjaminite and head of a family in Aijalon, who helped defeat the inhabitants of Gath (1 Chr 8:13).<\/li>\n<li>4. Levite who explained to the people passages from the law read by Ezra (Neh 8:4).<\/li>","content_en":"<h3>SHEMA (P<span>erson<\/span>)<\/h3>\n<li>1. Judahite, Hebron’s son and a descendant of Caleb (1 Chr 2:43-44).<\/li>\n<li>2. Reubenite and Joel’s son (1 Chr 5:8). He is perhaps identifiable with Shemaiah or Shimei in 1 Chronicles 5:4.<\/li>\n<li>3. Benjaminite and head of a family in Aijalon, who helped defeat the inhabitants of Gath (1 Chr 8:13).<\/li>\n<li>4. Levite who explained to the people passages from the law read by Ezra (Neh 8:4).<\/li>","summary_ro":"SHEMA (Person) 1. Judahite, Hebron’s son and a descendant of Caleb (1 Chr 2:43-44). 2. Reubenite and Joel’s son (1 Chr 5:8). He is perhaps identifiable with Shemaiah or Shimei in 1 Chronicles 5:4. 3. Benjaminite and head of a family in Aijalon, who helped defeat the inhabitants of Gath (1 Chr 8:13). 4. Levite who explained to the people passages from the law read by Ezra (Neh 8:4).","summary_en":"SHEMA (Person) 1. Judahite, Hebron’s son and a descendant of Caleb (1 Chr 2:43-44). 2. Reubenite and Joel’s son (1 Chr 5:8). He is perhaps identifiable with Shemaiah or Shimei in 1 Chronicles 5:4. 3. Benjaminite and head of a family in Aijalon, who helped defeat the inhabitants of Gath (1 Chr 8:13). 4. Levite who explained to the people passages from the law read by Ezra (Neh 8:4).","source":"Articles\/S.xml","external_url":null,"has_map":false,"has_picture":false},{"id":36758,"type":"article","type_label":"Articol","type_icon":"📖","type_color":"#d4af37","title_ro":"Tappuah (Person)","title_en":"Tappuah (Person)","content_ro":"<h3>TAPPUAH (P<span>erson<\/span>)<\/h3>\n<p>Hebron’s son and a descendant of Caleb from Judah’s tribe (1 Chr 2:43).<\/p>","content_en":"<h3>TAPPUAH (P<span>erson<\/span>)<\/h3>\n<p>Hebron’s son and a descendant of Caleb from Judah’s tribe (1 Chr 2:43).<\/p>","summary_ro":"TAPPUAH (Person) Hebron’s son and a descendant of Caleb from Judah’s tribe (1 Chr 2:43).","summary_en":"TAPPUAH (Person) Hebron’s son and a descendant of Caleb from Judah’s tribe (1 Chr 2:43).","source":"Articles\/T.xml","external_url":null,"has_map":false,"has_picture":false}],"44":[{"id":20523,"type":"article","type_label":"Articol","type_icon":"📖","type_color":"#d4af37","title_ro":"Jorkeam, Jorkoam*","title_en":"Jorkeam, Jorkoam*","content_ro":"<h3>JORKEAM, JORKOAM*<\/h3>\n<p>Identified with Raham, a descendant of Judah through Caleb’s line (1 Chr 2:44; <span>kjv<\/span> “Jorkoam”), the name should perhaps be understood as a place-name and be identified with Jokdeam (Jos 15:56).<\/p>","content_en":"<h3>JORKEAM, JORKOAM*<\/h3>\n<p>Identified with Raham, a descendant of Judah through Caleb’s line (1 Chr 2:44; <span>kjv<\/span> “Jorkoam”), the name should perhaps be understood as a place-name and be identified with Jokdeam (Jos 15:56).<\/p>","summary_ro":"JORKEAM, JORKOAM* Identified with Raham, a descendant of Judah through Caleb’s line (1 Chr 2:44; kjv “Jorkoam”), the name should perhaps be understood as a place-name and be identified with Jokdeam (Jos 15:56).","summary_en":"JORKEAM, JORKOAM* Identified with Raham, a descendant of Judah through Caleb’s line (1 Chr 2:44; kjv “Jorkoam”), the name should perhaps be understood as a place-name and be identified with Jokdeam (Jos 15:56).","source":"Articles\/J.xml","external_url":null,"has_map":false,"has_picture":false},{"id":32329,"type":"article","type_label":"Articol","type_icon":"📖","type_color":"#d4af37","title_ro":"Raham","title_en":"Raham","content_ro":"<h3>RAHAM<\/h3>\n<p>Son of Shema, and father of Jorkeam (1 Chr 2:44). He was a descendant of Judah.<\/p>","content_en":"<h3>RAHAM<\/h3>\n<p>Son of Shema, and father of Jorkeam (1 Chr 2:44). He was a descendant of Judah.<\/p>","summary_ro":"RAHAM Son of Shema, and father of Jorkeam (1 Chr 2:44). He was a descendant of Judah.","summary_en":"RAHAM Son of Shema, and father of Jorkeam (1 Chr 2:44). He was a descendant of Judah.","source":"Articles\/R.xml","external_url":null,"has_map":false,"has_picture":false},{"id":34634,"type":"article","type_label":"Articol","type_icon":"📖","type_color":"#d4af37","title_ro":"Shammai","title_en":"Shammai","content_ro":"<h3>SHAMMAI<\/h3>\n<li>1. Onam’s son, brother of Jada and the father of Nadab and Abishur from Judah’s tribe (1 Chr 2:28, 32).<\/li>\n<li>2. Rekem’s son and the father of Maon from Caleb’s house (1 Chr 2:44-45).<\/li>\n<li>3. Mered’s son by Bithiah, Pharaoh’s daughter, and a descendant of Caleb (1 Chr 4:17-18).<\/li>\n<li>4. Prominent rabbi whose life spanned the period 50 <span>BC<\/span> to <span>AD<\/span> 30. His name is most frequently coupled with that of his equally famous contemporary, Hillel, who was president of the Sanhedrin while Shammai was vice-president. Shammai had the reputation for being strict and rigid in his application of the law and severely literal in his interpretation of the Scriptures, while Hillel was more liberal and humane in applying the law and more imaginative in the use of the Scriptures. Shammai was renowned for his hatred of Roman domination and tried to forbid Jewish people from buying food or drink from Gentiles.<\/li>\n<p>Two schools of interpretation followed these two contemporaries—“the house of Shammai” and “the house of Hillel”—continuing to the time of the compilation of the Mishnah, though the house of Hillel seems to have gradually gained ascendancy over the house of Shammai. The debates and conversations between the two rabbis or the two schools are recorded in the Mishnah and the Talmud, pertaining to such matters as offerings, priestly dues, tithes, Levitical cleanness and uncleanness, the observance of the Sabbath, marriage and divorce.<\/p>\n<p><em>See also<\/em> Hillel; Judaism; Pharisees; Talmud.<\/p>","content_en":"<h3>SHAMMAI<\/h3>\n<li>1. Onam’s son, brother of Jada and the father of Nadab and Abishur from Judah’s tribe (1 Chr 2:28, 32).<\/li>\n<li>2. Rekem’s son and the father of Maon from Caleb’s house (1 Chr 2:44-45).<\/li>\n<li>3. Mered’s son by Bithiah, Pharaoh’s daughter, and a descendant of Caleb (1 Chr 4:17-18).<\/li>\n<li>4. Prominent rabbi whose life spanned the period 50 <span>BC<\/span> to <span>AD<\/span> 30. His name is most frequently coupled with that of his equally famous contemporary, Hillel, who was president of the Sanhedrin while Shammai was vice-president. Shammai had the reputation for being strict and rigid in his application of the law and severely literal in his interpretation of the Scriptures, while Hillel was more liberal and humane in applying the law and more imaginative in the use of the Scriptures. Shammai was renowned for his hatred of Roman domination and tried to forbid Jewish people from buying food or drink from Gentiles.<\/li>\n<p>Two schools of interpretation followed these two contemporaries—“the house of Shammai” and “the house of Hillel”—continuing to the time of the compilation of the Mishnah, though the house of Hillel seems to have gradually gained ascendancy over the house of Shammai. The debates and conversations between the two rabbis or the two schools are recorded in the Mishnah and the Talmud, pertaining to such matters as offerings, priestly dues, tithes, Levitical cleanness and uncleanness, the observance of the Sabbath, marriage and divorce.<\/p>\n<p><em>See also<\/em> Hillel; Judaism; Pharisees; Talmud.<\/p>","summary_ro":"SHAMMAI 1. Onam’s son, brother of Jada and the father of Nadab and Abishur from Judah’s tribe (1 Chr 2:28, 32). 2. Rekem’s son and the father of Maon from Caleb’s house (1 Chr 2:44-45). 3. Mered’s son by Bithiah, Pharaoh’s daughter, and a descendant of Caleb (1 Chr 4:17-18). 4. Prominent rabbi whose life spanned the period 50 BC to AD 30. His name is most frequently coupled with that of his equally famous contemporary, Hillel, who was president of the Sanhedrin while Shammai was vice-presiden...","summary_en":"SHAMMAI 1. Onam’s son, brother of Jada and the father of Nadab and Abishur from Judah’s tribe (1 Chr 2:28, 32). 2. Rekem’s son and the father of Maon from Caleb’s house (1 Chr 2:44-45). 3. Mered’s son by Bithiah, Pharaoh’s daughter, and a descendant of Caleb (1 Chr 4:17-18). 4. Prominent rabbi whose life spanned the period 50 BC to AD 30. His name is most frequently coupled with that of his equally famous contemporary, Hillel, who was president of the Sanhedrin while Shammai was vice-presiden...","source":"Articles\/S.xml","external_url":null,"has_map":false,"has_picture":false}],"45":[{"id":4593,"type":"article","type_label":"Articol","type_icon":"📖","type_color":"#d4af37","title_ro":"Beth-Zur","title_en":"Beth-Zur","content_ro":"<h3>BETH-ZUR<\/h3>\n<p>Hill town of Judah in the mountains north of Hebron (Jos 15:58). Beth-zur was settled by Maon, one of Caleb’s descendants (1 Chr 2:45), and was one of the natural strongholds of Judah. It was fortified by King Rehoboam of the southern kingdom in the 10th century <span>BC<\/span>, even though it had begun to decline in importance (2 Chr 11:7). It served as an administrative center during the time of Nehemiah (Neh 3:16). In the Maccabean period it was known by the Greek name Bethsura. Judas Maccabeus defeated Syrian general Lysias there (1 Macc 4:29, 61) and lost the town a few years later. After recapturing Beth-zur from the Syrians, Simon Maccabeus strengthened it in 140 <span>BC<\/span>, making it one of the most important fortresses on the border between Judah and Idumea (11:65-66; 14:33).<\/p>","content_en":"<h3>BETH-ZUR<\/h3>\n<p>Hill town of Judah in the mountains north of Hebron (Jos 15:58). Beth-zur was settled by Maon, one of Caleb’s descendants (1 Chr 2:45), and was one of the natural strongholds of Judah. It was fortified by King Rehoboam of the southern kingdom in the 10th century <span>BC<\/span>, even though it had begun to decline in importance (2 Chr 11:7). It served as an administrative center during the time of Nehemiah (Neh 3:16). In the Maccabean period it was known by the Greek name Bethsura. Judas Maccabeus defeated Syrian general Lysias there (1 Macc 4:29, 61) and lost the town a few years later. After recapturing Beth-zur from the Syrians, Simon Maccabeus strengthened it in 140 <span>BC<\/span>, making it one of the most important fortresses on the border between Judah and Idumea (11:65-66; 14:33).<\/p>","summary_ro":"BETH-ZUR Hill town of Judah in the mountains north of Hebron (Jos 15:58). Beth-zur was settled by Maon, one of Caleb’s descendants (1 Chr 2:45), and was one of the natural strongholds of Judah. It was fortified by King Rehoboam of the southern kingdom in the 10th century BC, even though it had begun to decline in importance (2 Chr 11:7). It served as an administrative center during the time of Nehemiah (Neh 3:16). In the Maccabean period it was known by the Greek name Bethsura. Judas Maccabeu...","summary_en":"BETH-ZUR Hill town of Judah in the mountains north of Hebron (Jos 15:58). Beth-zur was settled by Maon, one of Caleb’s descendants (1 Chr 2:45), and was one of the natural strongholds of Judah. It was fortified by King Rehoboam of the southern kingdom in the 10th century BC, even though it had begun to decline in importance (2 Chr 11:7). It served as an administrative center during the time of Nehemiah (Neh 3:16). In the Maccabean period it was known by the Greek name Bethsura. Judas Maccabeu...","source":"Articles\/B.xml","external_url":null,"has_map":false,"has_picture":false},{"id":24292,"type":"article","type_label":"Articol","type_icon":"📖","type_color":"#d4af37","title_ro":"Maonite Maon (Person)","title_en":"Maonite Maon (Person)","content_ro":"<h3>MAON (Person), MAONITE<\/h3>\n<p>Son of Shammai, and Bethzur’s father (1 Chr 2:45). He was either the founding father of the people of Bethzur and\/or the founder of the city. His descendants are perhaps the Maonites of Judges 10:12.<\/p>","content_en":"<h3>MAON (Person), MAONITE<\/h3>\n<p>Son of Shammai, and Bethzur’s father (1 Chr 2:45). He was either the founding father of the people of Bethzur and\/or the founder of the city. His descendants are perhaps the Maonites of Judges 10:12.<\/p>","summary_ro":"MAON (Person), MAONITE Son of Shammai, and Bethzur’s father (1 Chr 2:45). He was either the founding father of the people of Bethzur and\/or the founder of the city. His descendants are perhaps the Maonites of Judges 10:12.","summary_en":"MAON (Person), MAONITE Son of Shammai, and Bethzur’s father (1 Chr 2:45). He was either the founding father of the people of Bethzur and\/or the founder of the city. His descendants are perhaps the Maonites of Judges 10:12.","source":"Articles\/M.xml","external_url":null,"has_map":false,"has_picture":false}],"46":[{"id":10856,"type":"article","type_label":"Articol","type_icon":"📖","type_color":"#d4af37","title_ro":"Ephah (Person)","title_en":"Ephah (Person)","content_ro":"<h3>EPHAH (P<span>erson<\/span>)<\/h3>\n<li>1. Son of Midian, an offspring of Abraham through his concubine Keturah (Gn 25:4; 1 Chr 1:33). Isaiah mentions him as a gold trader (Is 60:6). Some manuscripts mention two sons of Midian with the same name, Ephah, but that is an error of misspelling.<\/li>\n<li>2. Caleb’s concubine, who bore him three sons (1 Chr 2:46).<\/li>\n<li>3. Jahdai’s son from Judah’s tribe (1 Chr 2:47).<\/li>","content_en":"<h3>EPHAH (P<span>erson<\/span>)<\/h3>\n<li>1. Son of Midian, an offspring of Abraham through his concubine Keturah (Gn 25:4; 1 Chr 1:33). Isaiah mentions him as a gold trader (Is 60:6). Some manuscripts mention two sons of Midian with the same name, Ephah, but that is an error of misspelling.<\/li>\n<li>2. Caleb’s concubine, who bore him three sons (1 Chr 2:46).<\/li>\n<li>3. Jahdai’s son from Judah’s tribe (1 Chr 2:47).<\/li>","summary_ro":"EPHAH (Person) 1. Son of Midian, an offspring of Abraham through his concubine Keturah (Gn 25:4; 1 Chr 1:33). Isaiah mentions him as a gold trader (Is 60:6). Some manuscripts mention two sons of Midian with the same name, Ephah, but that is an error of misspelling. 2. Caleb’s concubine, who bore him three sons (1 Chr 2:46). 3. Jahdai’s son from Judah’s tribe (1 Chr 2:47).","summary_en":"EPHAH (Person) 1. Son of Midian, an offspring of Abraham through his concubine Keturah (Gn 25:4; 1 Chr 1:33). Isaiah mentions him as a gold trader (Is 60:6). Some manuscripts mention two sons of Midian with the same name, Ephah, but that is an error of misspelling. 2. Caleb’s concubine, who bore him three sons (1 Chr 2:46). 3. Jahdai’s son from Judah’s tribe (1 Chr 2:47).","source":"Articles\/E.xml","external_url":null,"has_map":false,"has_picture":false},{"id":13289,"type":"article","type_label":"Articol","type_icon":"📖","type_color":"#d4af37","title_ro":"Gazez","title_en":"Gazez","content_ro":"<h3>GAZEZ<\/h3>\n<p>1. Caleb’s son by his concubine Ephah, and the brother of Haran (1 Chr 2:46).<\/p>\n<li>2. Son of Haran and the nephew of #1 above (1 Chr 2:46).<\/li>","content_en":"<h3>GAZEZ<\/h3>\n<p>1. Caleb’s son by his concubine Ephah, and the brother of Haran (1 Chr 2:46).<\/p>\n<li>2. Son of Haran and the nephew of #1 above (1 Chr 2:46).<\/li>","summary_ro":"GAZEZ 1. Caleb’s son by his concubine Ephah, and the brother of Haran (1 Chr 2:46). 2. Son of Haran and the nephew of #1 above (1 Chr 2:46).","summary_en":"GAZEZ 1. Caleb’s son by his concubine Ephah, and the brother of Haran (1 Chr 2:46). 2. Son of Haran and the nephew of #1 above (1 Chr 2:46).","source":"Articles\/G.xml","external_url":null,"has_map":false,"has_picture":false},{"id":15317,"type":"article","type_label":"Articol","type_icon":"📖","type_color":"#d4af37","title_ro":"Haran (Person)","title_en":"Haran (Person)","content_ro":"<h3>HARAN (P<span>erson<\/span>)<\/h3>\n<li>1. Terah’s son, brother of Abraham, and the father of Lot (Gn 11:26-31).<\/li>\n<li>2. Caleb’s son by his concubine Ephah, a member of Judah’s tribe and the father of Gazez (1 Chr 2:46).<\/li>\n<li>3. Shimei’s son, a member of the Gershonite division of Levi’s tribe (1 Chr 23:9).<\/li>","content_en":"<h3>HARAN (P<span>erson<\/span>)<\/h3>\n<li>1. Terah’s son, brother of Abraham, and the father of Lot (Gn 11:26-31).<\/li>\n<li>2. Caleb’s son by his concubine Ephah, a member of Judah’s tribe and the father of Gazez (1 Chr 2:46).<\/li>\n<li>3. Shimei’s son, a member of the Gershonite division of Levi’s tribe (1 Chr 23:9).<\/li>","summary_ro":"HARAN (Person) 1. Terah’s son, brother of Abraham, and the father of Lot (Gn 11:26-31). 2. Caleb’s son by his concubine Ephah, a member of Judah’s tribe and the father of Gazez (1 Chr 2:46). 3. Shimei’s son, a member of the Gershonite division of Levi’s tribe (1 Chr 23:9).","summary_en":"HARAN (Person) 1. Terah’s son, brother of Abraham, and the father of Lot (Gn 11:26-31). 2. Caleb’s son by his concubine Ephah, a member of Judah’s tribe and the father of Gazez (1 Chr 2:46). 3. Shimei’s son, a member of the Gershonite division of Levi’s tribe (1 Chr 23:9).","source":"Articles\/H.xml","external_url":null,"has_map":false,"has_picture":false},{"id":26511,"type":"article","type_label":"Articol","type_icon":"📖","type_color":"#d4af37","title_ro":"Moza","title_en":"Moza","content_ro":"<h3>MOZA<\/h3>\n<li>1. Caleb’s son by his concubine Ephah (1 Chr 2:46).<\/li>\n<li>2. Zimri’s son, the father of Binea and a descendant of Saul and Jonathan (1 Chr 8:36-37; 9:42-43).<\/li>","content_en":"<h3>MOZA<\/h3>\n<li>1. Caleb’s son by his concubine Ephah (1 Chr 2:46).<\/li>\n<li>2. Zimri’s son, the father of Binea and a descendant of Saul and Jonathan (1 Chr 8:36-37; 9:42-43).<\/li>","summary_ro":"MOZA 1. Caleb’s son by his concubine Ephah (1 Chr 2:46). 2. Zimri’s son, the father of Binea and a descendant of Saul and Jonathan (1 Chr 8:36-37; 9:42-43).","summary_en":"MOZA 1. Caleb’s son by his concubine Ephah (1 Chr 2:46). 2. Zimri’s son, the father of Binea and a descendant of Saul and Jonathan (1 Chr 8:36-37; 9:42-43).","source":"Articles\/M.xml","external_url":null,"has_map":false,"has_picture":false}],"47":[{"id":10857,"type":"article","type_label":"Articol","type_icon":"📖","type_color":"#d4af37","title_ro":"Ephah (Person)","title_en":"Ephah (Person)","content_ro":"<h3>EPHAH (P<span>erson<\/span>)<\/h3>\n<li>1. Son of Midian, an offspring of Abraham through his concubine Keturah (Gn 25:4; 1 Chr 1:33). Isaiah mentions him as a gold trader (Is 60:6). Some manuscripts mention two sons of Midian with the same name, Ephah, but that is an error of misspelling.<\/li>\n<li>2. Caleb’s concubine, who bore him three sons (1 Chr 2:46).<\/li>\n<li>3. Jahdai’s son from Judah’s tribe (1 Chr 2:47).<\/li>","content_en":"<h3>EPHAH (P<span>erson<\/span>)<\/h3>\n<li>1. Son of Midian, an offspring of Abraham through his concubine Keturah (Gn 25:4; 1 Chr 1:33). Isaiah mentions him as a gold trader (Is 60:6). Some manuscripts mention two sons of Midian with the same name, Ephah, but that is an error of misspelling.<\/li>\n<li>2. Caleb’s concubine, who bore him three sons (1 Chr 2:46).<\/li>\n<li>3. Jahdai’s son from Judah’s tribe (1 Chr 2:47).<\/li>","summary_ro":"EPHAH (Person) 1. Son of Midian, an offspring of Abraham through his concubine Keturah (Gn 25:4; 1 Chr 1:33). Isaiah mentions him as a gold trader (Is 60:6). Some manuscripts mention two sons of Midian with the same name, Ephah, but that is an error of misspelling. 2. Caleb’s concubine, who bore him three sons (1 Chr 2:46). 3. Jahdai’s son from Judah’s tribe (1 Chr 2:47).","summary_en":"EPHAH (Person) 1. Son of Midian, an offspring of Abraham through his concubine Keturah (Gn 25:4; 1 Chr 1:33). Isaiah mentions him as a gold trader (Is 60:6). Some manuscripts mention two sons of Midian with the same name, Ephah, but that is an error of misspelling. 2. Caleb’s concubine, who bore him three sons (1 Chr 2:46). 3. Jahdai’s son from Judah’s tribe (1 Chr 2:47).","source":"Articles\/E.xml","external_url":null,"has_map":false,"has_picture":false},{"id":13701,"type":"article","type_label":"Articol","type_icon":"📖","type_color":"#d4af37","title_ro":"Geshan","title_en":"Geshan","content_ro":"<h3>GESHAN<\/h3>\n<p>Jahdai’s son and a descendant of Judah through Caleb’s line (1 Chr 2:47).<\/p>","content_en":"<h3>GESHAN<\/h3>\n<p>Jahdai’s son and a descendant of Judah through Caleb’s line (1 Chr 2:47).<\/p>","summary_ro":"GESHAN Jahdai’s son and a descendant of Judah through Caleb’s line (1 Chr 2:47).","summary_en":"GESHAN Jahdai’s son and a descendant of Judah through Caleb’s line (1 Chr 2:47).","source":"Articles\/G.xml","external_url":null,"has_map":false,"has_picture":false},{"id":18324,"type":"article","type_label":"Articol","type_icon":"📖","type_color":"#d4af37","title_ro":"Jahdai","title_en":"Jahdai","content_ro":"<h3>JAHDAI<\/h3>\n<p>Caleb’s descendant from Judah’s tribe (1 Chr 2:47).<\/p>","content_en":"<h3>JAHDAI<\/h3>\n<p>Caleb’s descendant from Judah’s tribe (1 Chr 2:47).<\/p>","summary_ro":"JAHDAI Caleb’s descendant from Judah’s tribe (1 Chr 2:47).","summary_en":"JAHDAI Caleb’s descendant from Judah’s tribe (1 Chr 2:47).","source":"Articles\/J.xml","external_url":null,"has_map":false,"has_picture":false},{"id":20920,"type":"article","type_label":"Articol","type_icon":"📖","type_color":"#d4af37","title_ro":"Jotham","title_en":"Jotham","content_ro":"<h3>JOTHAM<\/h3>\n<li>1. Youngest of Gideon’s 70 sons and the only survivor of Abimelech’s slaughter of Jotham’s brothers at Ophrah (Jgs 9:5). Upon learning of Abimelech’s intrigue with the Shechemites, which led to the death of his brothers, Jotham traveled to Shechem and addressed its people from atop nearby Mt Gerizim. Using a parable, he portrayed Abimelech’s rise as king and concluded his denunciation by issuing a curse on both his half brother (see 8:31) and the people of Shechem for their treachery (9:7). Jotham then fled to Beer for fear of a reprisal from Abimelech (v 21). Later, God fulfilled Jotham’s curse; the people of Shechem were killed in a revolt and Abimelech was struck down at the hands of a woman (v 57).<\/li>\n<li>2. Eleventh king of Judah (750–735 <span>BC<\/span>). He was the son of King Azariah (Uzziah) of Judah and Jerusa, daughter of Zadok (2 Kgs 15:7; 2 Chr 26:21; 27:1), and the father of Ahaz. Jotham, at 25 years of age, ascended Judah’s throne in the second year of King Pekah of Israel (752–732 <span>BC<\/span>) and ruled for 16 years in Jerusalem. Initially he reigned as co-regent with Azariah, who was stricken with leprosy for tolerating pagan worship, until his father’s death (2 Kgs 15:5).<\/li>\n<p>Jotham was considered a righteous king in the eyes of the Lord. However, he also failed to cleanse the temple of its pagan influences, and subsequently the people of Judah continued in their evil ways (2 Chr 27:2-6). His building projects included the Upper Gate of the temple, work on the wall of Ophel, and the fortification of numerous towns in Judah’s hill country (vv 3-4). Jotham also defeated the troublesome Ammonites in battle (v 5) and registered by genealogy the families of Gad living east of the Jordan (1 Chr 5:17). He was buried in Jerusalem after his death (2 Chr 27:9). The prophets Isaiah and Micah ministered to Judah, and Hosea to Israel, during his tenure as king. Jotham is listed as an ancestor of Jesus Christ in Matthew’s genealogy (Mt 1:9).<\/p>\n<p><em>See also<\/em> Chronology of the Bible (Old Testament); Genealogy of Jesus Christ; Israel, History of.<\/p>\n<li>3. Second of Jahdai’s five sons (1 Chr 2:47).<\/li>","content_en":"<h3>JOTHAM<\/h3>\n<li>1. Youngest of Gideon’s 70 sons and the only survivor of Abimelech’s slaughter of Jotham’s brothers at Ophrah (Jgs 9:5). Upon learning of Abimelech’s intrigue with the Shechemites, which led to the death of his brothers, Jotham traveled to Shechem and addressed its people from atop nearby Mt Gerizim. Using a parable, he portrayed Abimelech’s rise as king and concluded his denunciation by issuing a curse on both his half brother (see 8:31) and the people of Shechem for their treachery (9:7). Jotham then fled to Beer for fear of a reprisal from Abimelech (v 21). Later, God fulfilled Jotham’s curse; the people of Shechem were killed in a revolt and Abimelech was struck down at the hands of a woman (v 57).<\/li>\n<li>2. Eleventh king of Judah (750–735 <span>BC<\/span>). He was the son of King Azariah (Uzziah) of Judah and Jerusa, daughter of Zadok (2 Kgs 15:7; 2 Chr 26:21; 27:1), and the father of Ahaz. Jotham, at 25 years of age, ascended Judah’s throne in the second year of King Pekah of Israel (752–732 <span>BC<\/span>) and ruled for 16 years in Jerusalem. Initially he reigned as co-regent with Azariah, who was stricken with leprosy for tolerating pagan worship, until his father’s death (2 Kgs 15:5).<\/li>\n<p>Jotham was considered a righteous king in the eyes of the Lord. However, he also failed to cleanse the temple of its pagan influences, and subsequently the people of Judah continued in their evil ways (2 Chr 27:2-6). His building projects included the Upper Gate of the temple, work on the wall of Ophel, and the fortification of numerous towns in Judah’s hill country (vv 3-4). Jotham also defeated the troublesome Ammonites in battle (v 5) and registered by genealogy the families of Gad living east of the Jordan (1 Chr 5:17). He was buried in Jerusalem after his death (2 Chr 27:9). The prophets Isaiah and Micah ministered to Judah, and Hosea to Israel, during his tenure as king. Jotham is listed as an ancestor of Jesus Christ in Matthew’s genealogy (Mt 1:9).<\/p>\n<p><em>See also<\/em> Chronology of the Bible (Old Testament); Genealogy of Jesus Christ; Israel, History of.<\/p>\n<li>3. Second of Jahdai’s five sons (1 Chr 2:47).<\/li>","summary_ro":"JOTHAM 1. Youngest of Gideon’s 70 sons and the only survivor of Abimelech’s slaughter of Jotham’s brothers at Ophrah (Jgs 9:5). Upon learning of Abimelech’s intrigue with the Shechemites, which led to the death of his brothers, Jotham traveled to Shechem and addressed its people from atop nearby Mt Gerizim. Using a parable, he portrayed Abimelech’s rise as king and concluded his denunciation by issuing a curse on both his half brother (see 8:31) and the people of Shechem for their treachery (...","summary_en":"JOTHAM 1. Youngest of Gideon’s 70 sons and the only survivor of Abimelech’s slaughter of Jotham’s brothers at Ophrah (Jgs 9:5). Upon learning of Abimelech’s intrigue with the Shechemites, which led to the death of his brothers, Jotham traveled to Shechem and addressed its people from atop nearby Mt Gerizim. Using a parable, he portrayed Abimelech’s rise as king and concluded his denunciation by issuing a curse on both his half brother (see 8:31) and the people of Shechem for their treachery (...","source":"Articles\/J.xml","external_url":null,"has_map":false,"has_picture":false},{"id":29454,"type":"article","type_label":"Articol","type_icon":"📖","type_color":"#d4af37","title_ro":"Pelet","title_en":"Pelet","content_ro":"<h3>PELET<\/h3>\n<li>1. Jahdai’s son from Judah’s tribe (1 Chr 2:47).<\/li>\n<li>2. Warrior from Benjamin’s tribe who joined David at Ziklag in his struggle against King Saul. Pelet was one of David’s ambidextrous archers and slingers (1 Chr 12:2-3).<\/li>","content_en":"<h3>PELET<\/h3>\n<li>1. Jahdai’s son from Judah’s tribe (1 Chr 2:47).<\/li>\n<li>2. Warrior from Benjamin’s tribe who joined David at Ziklag in his struggle against King Saul. Pelet was one of David’s ambidextrous archers and slingers (1 Chr 12:2-3).<\/li>","summary_ro":"PELET 1. Jahdai’s son from Judah’s tribe (1 Chr 2:47). 2. Warrior from Benjamin’s tribe who joined David at Ziklag in his struggle against King Saul. Pelet was one of David’s ambidextrous archers and slingers (1 Chr 12:2-3).","summary_en":"PELET 1. Jahdai’s son from Judah’s tribe (1 Chr 2:47). 2. Warrior from Benjamin’s tribe who joined David at Ziklag in his struggle against King Saul. Pelet was one of David’s ambidextrous archers and slingers (1 Chr 12:2-3).","source":"Articles\/P.xml","external_url":null,"has_map":false,"has_picture":false},{"id":32589,"type":"article","type_label":"Articol","type_icon":"📖","type_color":"#d4af37","title_ro":"Regem","title_en":"Regem","content_ro":"<h3>REGEM<\/h3>\n<p>Jahdai’s son and a descendant of Caleb (1 Chr 2:47).<\/p>","content_en":"<h3>REGEM<\/h3>\n<p>Jahdai’s son and a descendant of Caleb (1 Chr 2:47).<\/p>","summary_ro":"REGEM Jahdai’s son and a descendant of Caleb (1 Chr 2:47).","summary_en":"REGEM Jahdai’s son and a descendant of Caleb (1 Chr 2:47).","source":"Articles\/R.xml","external_url":null,"has_map":false,"has_picture":false},{"id":34551,"type":"article","type_label":"Articol","type_icon":"📖","type_color":"#d4af37","title_ro":"Shaaph","title_en":"Shaaph","content_ro":"<h3>SHAAPH<\/h3>\n<li>1. Jahdai’s sixth son, included in the genealogy of Caleb, Jerahmeel’s brother (1 Chr 2:47).<\/li>\n<li>2. Son of Caleb by his concubine; the brother of Jerahmeel; the father of Madmannah (1 Chr 2:49).<\/li>","content_en":"<h3>SHAAPH<\/h3>\n<li>1. Jahdai’s sixth son, included in the genealogy of Caleb, Jerahmeel’s brother (1 Chr 2:47).<\/li>\n<li>2. Son of Caleb by his concubine; the brother of Jerahmeel; the father of Madmannah (1 Chr 2:49).<\/li>","summary_ro":"SHAAPH 1. Jahdai’s sixth son, included in the genealogy of Caleb, Jerahmeel’s brother (1 Chr 2:47). 2. Son of Caleb by his concubine; the brother of Jerahmeel; the father of Madmannah (1 Chr 2:49).","summary_en":"SHAAPH 1. Jahdai’s sixth son, included in the genealogy of Caleb, Jerahmeel’s brother (1 Chr 2:47). 2. Son of Caleb by his concubine; the brother of Jerahmeel; the father of Madmannah (1 Chr 2:49).","source":"Articles\/S.xml","external_url":null,"has_map":false,"has_picture":false}],"48":[{"id":23731,"type":"article","type_label":"Articol","type_icon":"📖","type_color":"#d4af37","title_ro":"Maachah* (Person) Maacah","title_en":"Maachah* (Person) Maacah","content_ro":"<h3>MAACAH, MAACHAH* (P<span>erson<\/span>)<\/h3>\n<p>Common Hebrew name, often spelled Maachah in the <span>kjv<\/span>.<\/p>\n<p>1. Last of the four children of Nahor, Abraham’s brother, by Reumah his concubine (Gn 22:24).<\/p>\n<li>2. Daughter of Talmai, king of Geshur, a wife of David, and Absalom’s mother (2 Sm 3:3; 1 Chr 3:2).<\/li>\n<li>3. Achish’s father. Achish, king of Gath, housed two of Shimei’s slaves during Solomon’s reign (1 Kgs 2:39). He is identified with Maoch in 1 Samuel 27:2. <em>See<\/em> Maoch.<\/li>\n<li>4. Daughter of Absalom (Abishalom) (1 Kgs 15:2, 10), the wife of Rehoboam, king of Judah (930–913 <span>BC<\/span>), and the mother of King Abijah (913–910 <span>BC<\/span>) and grandmother of King Asa (910–869 <span>BC<\/span>) of Judah (1 Kgs 15:10; 2 Chr 11:20-22). Later, Asa removed her as queen mother because she had an idol made for Asherah (1 Kgs 15:10-13; 2 Chr 15:16). Maacah is spelled Micaiah (Michaiah) in 2 Chronicles 13:2.<\/li>\n<li>5. Caleb’s concubine and the mother of four sons (1 Chr 2:48).<\/li>\n<li>6. Sister of Huppim and Shuppim, the wife of Makir the Manassite and mother of Peresh and Sheresh (1 Chr 7:15-16).<\/li>\n<li>7. Benjamite, the wife of Jeiel, and an ancestress of King Saul (1 Chr 8:29; 9:35).<\/li>\n<li>8. Father of Haman, one of David’s mighty warriors (1 Chr 11:43).<\/li>\n<li>9. Father of Shephatiah, chief officer of Simeon’s tribe during David’s reign (1 Chr 27:16).<\/li>","content_en":"<h3>MAACAH, MAACHAH* (P<span>erson<\/span>)<\/h3>\n<p>Common Hebrew name, often spelled Maachah in the <span>kjv<\/span>.<\/p>\n<p>1. Last of the four children of Nahor, Abraham’s brother, by Reumah his concubine (Gn 22:24).<\/p>\n<li>2. Daughter of Talmai, king of Geshur, a wife of David, and Absalom’s mother (2 Sm 3:3; 1 Chr 3:2).<\/li>\n<li>3. Achish’s father. Achish, king of Gath, housed two of Shimei’s slaves during Solomon’s reign (1 Kgs 2:39). He is identified with Maoch in 1 Samuel 27:2. <em>See<\/em> Maoch.<\/li>\n<li>4. Daughter of Absalom (Abishalom) (1 Kgs 15:2, 10), the wife of Rehoboam, king of Judah (930–913 <span>BC<\/span>), and the mother of King Abijah (913–910 <span>BC<\/span>) and grandmother of King Asa (910–869 <span>BC<\/span>) of Judah (1 Kgs 15:10; 2 Chr 11:20-22). Later, Asa removed her as queen mother because she had an idol made for Asherah (1 Kgs 15:10-13; 2 Chr 15:16). Maacah is spelled Micaiah (Michaiah) in 2 Chronicles 13:2.<\/li>\n<li>5. Caleb’s concubine and the mother of four sons (1 Chr 2:48).<\/li>\n<li>6. Sister of Huppim and Shuppim, the wife of Makir the Manassite and mother of Peresh and Sheresh (1 Chr 7:15-16).<\/li>\n<li>7. Benjamite, the wife of Jeiel, and an ancestress of King Saul (1 Chr 8:29; 9:35).<\/li>\n<li>8. Father of Haman, one of David’s mighty warriors (1 Chr 11:43).<\/li>\n<li>9. Father of Shephatiah, chief officer of Simeon’s tribe during David’s reign (1 Chr 27:16).<\/li>","summary_ro":"MAACAH, MAACHAH* (Person) Common Hebrew name, often spelled Maachah in the kjv. 1. Last of the four children of Nahor, Abraham’s brother, by Reumah his concubine (Gn 22:24). 2. Daughter of Talmai, king of Geshur, a wife of David, and Absalom’s mother (2 Sm 3:3; 1 Chr 3:2). 3. Achish’s father. Achish, king of Gath, housed two of Shimei’s slaves during Solomon’s reign (1 Kgs 2:39). He is identified with Maoch in 1 Samuel 27:2. See Maoch. 4. Daughter of Absalom (Abishalom) (1 Kgs 15:2, 10), the ...","summary_en":"MAACAH, MAACHAH* (Person) Common Hebrew name, often spelled Maachah in the kjv. 1. Last of the four children of Nahor, Abraham’s brother, by Reumah his concubine (Gn 22:24). 2. Daughter of Talmai, king of Geshur, a wife of David, and Absalom’s mother (2 Sm 3:3; 1 Chr 3:2). 3. Achish’s father. Achish, king of Gath, housed two of Shimei’s slaves during Solomon’s reign (1 Kgs 2:39). He is identified with Maoch in 1 Samuel 27:2. See Maoch. 4. Daughter of Absalom (Abishalom) (1 Kgs 15:2, 10), the ...","source":"Articles\/M.xml","external_url":null,"has_map":false,"has_picture":false},{"id":34733,"type":"article","type_label":"Articol","type_icon":"📖","type_color":"#d4af37","title_ro":"Sheber","title_en":"Sheber","content_ro":"<h3>SHEBER<\/h3>\n<p>Caleb’s son by his concubine Maacah (1 Chr 2:48).<\/p>","content_en":"<h3>SHEBER<\/h3>\n<p>Caleb’s son by his concubine Maacah (1 Chr 2:48).<\/p>","summary_ro":"SHEBER Caleb’s son by his concubine Maacah (1 Chr 2:48).","summary_en":"SHEBER Caleb’s son by his concubine Maacah (1 Chr 2:48).","source":"Articles\/S.xml","external_url":null,"has_map":false,"has_picture":false},{"id":37397,"type":"article","type_label":"Articol","type_icon":"📖","type_color":"#d4af37","title_ro":"Tirhanah","title_en":"Tirhanah","content_ro":"<h3>TIRHANAH<\/h3>\n<p>Hezronite and the second of Caleb’s four sons by Maacah, his concubine (1 Chr 2:48).<\/p>","content_en":"<h3>TIRHANAH<\/h3>\n<p>Hezronite and the second of Caleb’s four sons by Maacah, his concubine (1 Chr 2:48).<\/p>","summary_ro":"TIRHANAH Hezronite and the second of Caleb’s four sons by Maacah, his concubine (1 Chr 2:48).","summary_en":"TIRHANAH Hezronite and the second of Caleb’s four sons by Maacah, his concubine (1 Chr 2:48).","source":"Articles\/T.xml","external_url":null,"has_map":false,"has_picture":false}],"49":[{"id":345,"type":"article","type_label":"Articol","type_icon":"📖","type_color":"#d4af37","title_ro":"Achsa*, Achsah*","title_en":"Achsa*, Achsah*","content_ro":"<h3>ACHSA*, ACHSAH*<\/h3>\n<p>Caleb’s daughter (1 Chr 2:49). Othniel, Caleb’s nephew, accepted his uncle’s challenge to capture Kiriath-sepher in order to marry Achsah. She persuaded Othniel to ask her father, Caleb, for a field, and she herself asked Caleb for two springs of water, a necessity for life in the desert (Jos 15:16-19; Jgs 1:12-15).<\/p>","content_en":"<h3>ACHSA*, ACHSAH*<\/h3>\n<p>Caleb’s daughter (1 Chr 2:49). Othniel, Caleb’s nephew, accepted his uncle’s challenge to capture Kiriath-sepher in order to marry Achsah. She persuaded Othniel to ask her father, Caleb, for a field, and she herself asked Caleb for two springs of water, a necessity for life in the desert (Jos 15:16-19; Jgs 1:12-15).<\/p>","summary_ro":"ACHSA*, ACHSAH* Caleb’s daughter (1 Chr 2:49). Othniel, Caleb’s nephew, accepted his uncle’s challenge to capture Kiriath-sepher in order to marry Achsah. She persuaded Othniel to ask her father, Caleb, for a field, and she herself asked Caleb for two springs of water, a necessity for life in the desert (Jos 15:16-19; Jgs 1:12-15).","summary_en":"ACHSA*, ACHSAH* Caleb’s daughter (1 Chr 2:49). Othniel, Caleb’s nephew, accepted his uncle’s challenge to capture Kiriath-sepher in order to marry Achsah. She persuaded Othniel to ask her father, Caleb, for a field, and she herself asked Caleb for two springs of water, a necessity for life in the desert (Jos 15:16-19; Jgs 1:12-15).","source":"Articles\/A.xml","external_url":null,"has_map":false,"has_picture":false},{"id":5885,"type":"article","type_label":"Articol","type_icon":"📖","type_color":"#d4af37","title_ro":"Cabbon","title_en":"Cabbon","content_ro":"<h3>CABBON<\/h3>\n<p>Town in the foothills of Judah (Jos 15:40) east of Lachish, identified with Hebra and sometimes equated with Macbenah (1 Chr 2:49).<\/p>","content_en":"<h3>CABBON<\/h3>\n<p>Town in the foothills of Judah (Jos 15:40) east of Lachish, identified with Hebra and sometimes equated with Macbenah (1 Chr 2:49).<\/p>","summary_ro":"CABBON Town in the foothills of Judah (Jos 15:40) east of Lachish, identified with Hebra and sometimes equated with Macbenah (1 Chr 2:49).","summary_en":"CABBON Town in the foothills of Judah (Jos 15:40) east of Lachish, identified with Hebra and sometimes equated with Macbenah (1 Chr 2:49).","source":"Articles\/C.xml","external_url":null,"has_map":false,"has_picture":false},{"id":5965,"type":"article","type_label":"Articol","type_icon":"📖","type_color":"#d4af37","title_ro":"Caleb","title_en":"Caleb","content_ro":"<h3>CALEB<\/h3>\n<li>1. Son of Jephunneh the Kenizzite (Nm 32:12; Jos 14:6) and older brother of Kenaz (Jgs 1:13). Caleb was one of the 12 spies sent to scout out the land of Canaan. Although he and Joshua, another spy, recommended an immediate attack, their suggestion was rejected by the Israelite tribes because of other reports of heavily defended fortresses. Consequently, entrance into Canaan, the Promised Land, was delayed for some years as a divine judgment (Nm 14:21-23, 34-35).<\/li>\n<p>When Israel under Joshua’s leadership finally occupied Canaan, Caleb, at age 85 (Jos 14:6-7, 10), was assigned Hebron, which he conquered by overcoming its Anakim inhabitants (vv 13-14). Caleb offered his daughter Achsah to whomever would overthrow nearby Debir (Kiriath-sepher). Othniel, Kenaz’s son and Achsah’s cousin, was able to claim her as his wife by conquering the town (15:16-17).<\/p>\n<p>Hebron later became a Levitical city of refuge (Jos 21:13; 1 Chr 6:55-57). In some portion of Caleb’s territory David spent time as an outlaw and met his future wife Abigail, then the wife of Nabal, a Calebite (1 Sm 25:3). Here also his wives were captured by Amalekite marauders who had raided southern Judah and “the Negev of Caleb” (1 Sm 30:14).<\/p>\n<li>2. Hezron’s son and brother of Jerahmeel (1 Chr 2:18, 42), also called Chelubai (v 9). Many scholars, however, believe that this Caleb is the same as #1 above because (1) Achsah is mentioned as the daughter of both (v 49); and (2) the prominent place of an otherwise unknown Caleb in the genealogy would be hard to account for. According to these scholars, Caleb was listed as a son of Hezron (the grandson of Judah) in order to establish his position and inheritance in Judah’s tribe. In reality, however, Caleb was a foreigner, son of Jephunneh, a Kenizzite, who had joined himself and his clan to Judah’s tribe. Some support this view by arguing that Caleb is a Horite rather than Israelite name.<\/li>\n<li>3. Hur’s son, according to the <span>kjv<\/span> (1 Chr 2:50). Most likely, however, the <span>kjv<\/span> joins what should be two separate phrases. The <span>nlt<\/span> correctly renders it, “These were all descendants of Caleb. The sons of Hur . . .”<\/li>","content_en":"<h3>CALEB<\/h3>\n<li>1. Son of Jephunneh the Kenizzite (Nm 32:12; Jos 14:6) and older brother of Kenaz (Jgs 1:13). Caleb was one of the 12 spies sent to scout out the land of Canaan. Although he and Joshua, another spy, recommended an immediate attack, their suggestion was rejected by the Israelite tribes because of other reports of heavily defended fortresses. Consequently, entrance into Canaan, the Promised Land, was delayed for some years as a divine judgment (Nm 14:21-23, 34-35).<\/li>\n<p>When Israel under Joshua’s leadership finally occupied Canaan, Caleb, at age 85 (Jos 14:6-7, 10), was assigned Hebron, which he conquered by overcoming its Anakim inhabitants (vv 13-14). Caleb offered his daughter Achsah to whomever would overthrow nearby Debir (Kiriath-sepher). Othniel, Kenaz’s son and Achsah’s cousin, was able to claim her as his wife by conquering the town (15:16-17).<\/p>\n<p>Hebron later became a Levitical city of refuge (Jos 21:13; 1 Chr 6:55-57). In some portion of Caleb’s territory David spent time as an outlaw and met his future wife Abigail, then the wife of Nabal, a Calebite (1 Sm 25:3). Here also his wives were captured by Amalekite marauders who had raided southern Judah and “the Negev of Caleb” (1 Sm 30:14).<\/p>\n<li>2. Hezron’s son and brother of Jerahmeel (1 Chr 2:18, 42), also called Chelubai (v 9). Many scholars, however, believe that this Caleb is the same as #1 above because (1) Achsah is mentioned as the daughter of both (v 49); and (2) the prominent place of an otherwise unknown Caleb in the genealogy would be hard to account for. According to these scholars, Caleb was listed as a son of Hezron (the grandson of Judah) in order to establish his position and inheritance in Judah’s tribe. In reality, however, Caleb was a foreigner, son of Jephunneh, a Kenizzite, who had joined himself and his clan to Judah’s tribe. Some support this view by arguing that Caleb is a Horite rather than Israelite name.<\/li>\n<li>3. Hur’s son, according to the <span>kjv<\/span> (1 Chr 2:50). Most likely, however, the <span>kjv<\/span> joins what should be two separate phrases. The <span>nlt<\/span> correctly renders it, “These were all descendants of Caleb. The sons of Hur . . .”<\/li>","summary_ro":"CALEB 1. Son of Jephunneh the Kenizzite (Nm 32:12; Jos 14:6) and older brother of Kenaz (Jgs 1:13). Caleb was one of the 12 spies sent to scout out the land of Canaan. Although he and Joshua, another spy, recommended an immediate attack, their suggestion was rejected by the Israelite tribes because of other reports of heavily defended fortresses. Consequently, entrance into Canaan, the Promised Land, was delayed for some years as a divine judgment (Nm 14:21-23, 34-35). When Israel under Joshu...","summary_en":"CALEB 1. Son of Jephunneh the Kenizzite (Nm 32:12; Jos 14:6) and older brother of Kenaz (Jgs 1:13). Caleb was one of the 12 spies sent to scout out the land of Canaan. Although he and Joshua, another spy, recommended an immediate attack, their suggestion was rejected by the Israelite tribes because of other reports of heavily defended fortresses. Consequently, entrance into Canaan, the Promised Land, was delayed for some years as a divine judgment (Nm 14:21-23, 34-35). When Israel under Joshu...","source":"Articles\/C.xml","external_url":null,"has_map":false,"has_picture":false},{"id":13757,"type":"article","type_label":"Articol","type_icon":"📖","type_color":"#d4af37","title_ro":"Gibea","title_en":"Gibea","content_ro":"<h3>GIBEA<\/h3>\n<p>Caleb’s grandson from Judah’s tribe (1 Chr 2:49).<\/p>","content_en":"<h3>GIBEA<\/h3>\n<p>Caleb’s grandson from Judah’s tribe (1 Chr 2:49).<\/p>","summary_ro":"GIBEA Caleb’s grandson from Judah’s tribe (1 Chr 2:49).","summary_en":"GIBEA Caleb’s grandson from Judah’s tribe (1 Chr 2:49).","source":"Articles\/G.xml","external_url":null,"has_map":false,"has_picture":false},{"id":23844,"type":"article","type_label":"Articol","type_icon":"📖","type_color":"#d4af37","title_ro":"Machbenah*","title_en":"Machbenah*","content_ro":"<h3>MACHBENAH*<\/h3>\n<p>Evidently a place-name among the geographical names in the genealogy of Caleb and Judah (1 Chr 2:49). It is followed by Gibea, which is probably the same town mentioned in Joshua 15:57; thus, Machbenah was probably located in the eastern district of the hill country south of Hebron, an area where Calebites were to be expected.<\/p>","content_en":"<h3>MACHBENAH*<\/h3>\n<p>Evidently a place-name among the geographical names in the genealogy of Caleb and Judah (1 Chr 2:49). It is followed by Gibea, which is probably the same town mentioned in Joshua 15:57; thus, Machbenah was probably located in the eastern district of the hill country south of Hebron, an area where Calebites were to be expected.<\/p>","summary_ro":"MACHBENAH* Evidently a place-name among the geographical names in the genealogy of Caleb and Judah (1 Chr 2:49). It is followed by Gibea, which is probably the same town mentioned in Joshua 15:57; thus, Machbenah was probably located in the eastern district of the hill country south of Hebron, an area where Calebites were to be expected.","summary_en":"MACHBENAH* Evidently a place-name among the geographical names in the genealogy of Caleb and Judah (1 Chr 2:49). It is followed by Gibea, which is probably the same town mentioned in Joshua 15:57; thus, Machbenah was probably located in the eastern district of the hill country south of Hebron, an area where Calebites were to be expected.","source":"Articles\/M.xml","external_url":null,"has_map":false,"has_picture":false},{"id":23866,"type":"article","type_label":"Articol","type_icon":"📖","type_color":"#d4af37","title_ro":"Madmannah (Person)","title_en":"Madmannah (Person)","content_ro":"<h3>MADMANNAH (P<span>erson<\/span>)<\/h3>\n<p>Shaaph’s son and a grandson of Caleb (1 Chr 2:49).<\/p>","content_en":"<h3>MADMANNAH (P<span>erson<\/span>)<\/h3>\n<p>Shaaph’s son and a grandson of Caleb (1 Chr 2:49).<\/p>","summary_ro":"MADMANNAH (Person) Shaaph’s son and a grandson of Caleb (1 Chr 2:49).","summary_en":"MADMANNAH (Person) Shaaph’s son and a grandson of Caleb (1 Chr 2:49).","source":"Articles\/M.xml","external_url":null,"has_map":false,"has_picture":false},{"id":34552,"type":"article","type_label":"Articol","type_icon":"📖","type_color":"#d4af37","title_ro":"Shaaph","title_en":"Shaaph","content_ro":"<h3>SHAAPH<\/h3>\n<li>1. Jahdai’s sixth son, included in the genealogy of Caleb, Jerahmeel’s brother (1 Chr 2:47).<\/li>\n<li>2. Son of Caleb by his concubine; the brother of Jerahmeel; the father of Madmannah (1 Chr 2:49).<\/li>","content_en":"<h3>SHAAPH<\/h3>\n<li>1. Jahdai’s sixth son, included in the genealogy of Caleb, Jerahmeel’s brother (1 Chr 2:47).<\/li>\n<li>2. Son of Caleb by his concubine; the brother of Jerahmeel; the father of Madmannah (1 Chr 2:49).<\/li>","summary_ro":"SHAAPH 1. Jahdai’s sixth son, included in the genealogy of Caleb, Jerahmeel’s brother (1 Chr 2:47). 2. Son of Caleb by his concubine; the brother of Jerahmeel; the father of Madmannah (1 Chr 2:49).","summary_en":"SHAAPH 1. Jahdai’s sixth son, included in the genealogy of Caleb, Jerahmeel’s brother (1 Chr 2:47). 2. Son of Caleb by his concubine; the brother of Jerahmeel; the father of Madmannah (1 Chr 2:49).","source":"Articles\/S.xml","external_url":null,"has_map":false,"has_picture":false},{"id":35043,"type":"article","type_label":"Articol","type_icon":"📖","type_color":"#d4af37","title_ro":"Sheva","title_en":"Sheva","content_ro":"<h3>SHEVA<\/h3>\n<li>1. Scribe or personal secretary of David (2 Sm 20:25). He is called by various names elsewhere. <em>See<\/em> Seraiah #1.<\/li>\n<li>2. Caleb’s son in the family of Hezron from Judah’s tribe and the father of Macbena and Gibea (1 Chr 2:49).<\/li>","content_en":"<h3>SHEVA<\/h3>\n<li>1. Scribe or personal secretary of David (2 Sm 20:25). He is called by various names elsewhere. <em>See<\/em> Seraiah #1.<\/li>\n<li>2. Caleb’s son in the family of Hezron from Judah’s tribe and the father of Macbena and Gibea (1 Chr 2:49).<\/li>","summary_ro":"SHEVA 1. Scribe or personal secretary of David (2 Sm 20:25). He is called by various names elsewhere. See Seraiah #1. 2. Caleb’s son in the family of Hezron from Judah’s tribe and the father of Macbena and Gibea (1 Chr 2:49).","summary_en":"SHEVA 1. Scribe or personal secretary of David (2 Sm 20:25). He is called by various names elsewhere. See Seraiah #1. 2. Caleb’s son in the family of Hezron from Judah’s tribe and the father of Macbena and Gibea (1 Chr 2:49).","source":"Articles\/S.xml","external_url":null,"has_map":false,"has_picture":false}],"50":[{"id":5966,"type":"article","type_label":"Articol","type_icon":"📖","type_color":"#d4af37","title_ro":"Caleb","title_en":"Caleb","content_ro":"<h3>CALEB<\/h3>\n<li>1. Son of Jephunneh the Kenizzite (Nm 32:12; Jos 14:6) and older brother of Kenaz (Jgs 1:13). Caleb was one of the 12 spies sent to scout out the land of Canaan. Although he and Joshua, another spy, recommended an immediate attack, their suggestion was rejected by the Israelite tribes because of other reports of heavily defended fortresses. Consequently, entrance into Canaan, the Promised Land, was delayed for some years as a divine judgment (Nm 14:21-23, 34-35).<\/li>\n<p>When Israel under Joshua’s leadership finally occupied Canaan, Caleb, at age 85 (Jos 14:6-7, 10), was assigned Hebron, which he conquered by overcoming its Anakim inhabitants (vv 13-14). Caleb offered his daughter Achsah to whomever would overthrow nearby Debir (Kiriath-sepher). Othniel, Kenaz’s son and Achsah’s cousin, was able to claim her as his wife by conquering the town (15:16-17).<\/p>\n<p>Hebron later became a Levitical city of refuge (Jos 21:13; 1 Chr 6:55-57). In some portion of Caleb’s territory David spent time as an outlaw and met his future wife Abigail, then the wife of Nabal, a Calebite (1 Sm 25:3). Here also his wives were captured by Amalekite marauders who had raided southern Judah and “the Negev of Caleb” (1 Sm 30:14).<\/p>\n<li>2. Hezron’s son and brother of Jerahmeel (1 Chr 2:18, 42), also called Chelubai (v 9). Many scholars, however, believe that this Caleb is the same as #1 above because (1) Achsah is mentioned as the daughter of both (v 49); and (2) the prominent place of an otherwise unknown Caleb in the genealogy would be hard to account for. According to these scholars, Caleb was listed as a son of Hezron (the grandson of Judah) in order to establish his position and inheritance in Judah’s tribe. In reality, however, Caleb was a foreigner, son of Jephunneh, a Kenizzite, who had joined himself and his clan to Judah’s tribe. Some support this view by arguing that Caleb is a Horite rather than Israelite name.<\/li>\n<li>3. Hur’s son, according to the <span>kjv<\/span> (1 Chr 2:50). Most likely, however, the <span>kjv<\/span> joins what should be two separate phrases. The <span>nlt<\/span> correctly renders it, “These were all descendants of Caleb. The sons of Hur . . .”<\/li>","content_en":"<h3>CALEB<\/h3>\n<li>1. Son of Jephunneh the Kenizzite (Nm 32:12; Jos 14:6) and older brother of Kenaz (Jgs 1:13). Caleb was one of the 12 spies sent to scout out the land of Canaan. Although he and Joshua, another spy, recommended an immediate attack, their suggestion was rejected by the Israelite tribes because of other reports of heavily defended fortresses. Consequently, entrance into Canaan, the Promised Land, was delayed for some years as a divine judgment (Nm 14:21-23, 34-35).<\/li>\n<p>When Israel under Joshua’s leadership finally occupied Canaan, Caleb, at age 85 (Jos 14:6-7, 10), was assigned Hebron, which he conquered by overcoming its Anakim inhabitants (vv 13-14). Caleb offered his daughter Achsah to whomever would overthrow nearby Debir (Kiriath-sepher). Othniel, Kenaz’s son and Achsah’s cousin, was able to claim her as his wife by conquering the town (15:16-17).<\/p>\n<p>Hebron later became a Levitical city of refuge (Jos 21:13; 1 Chr 6:55-57). In some portion of Caleb’s territory David spent time as an outlaw and met his future wife Abigail, then the wife of Nabal, a Calebite (1 Sm 25:3). Here also his wives were captured by Amalekite marauders who had raided southern Judah and “the Negev of Caleb” (1 Sm 30:14).<\/p>\n<li>2. Hezron’s son and brother of Jerahmeel (1 Chr 2:18, 42), also called Chelubai (v 9). Many scholars, however, believe that this Caleb is the same as #1 above because (1) Achsah is mentioned as the daughter of both (v 49); and (2) the prominent place of an otherwise unknown Caleb in the genealogy would be hard to account for. According to these scholars, Caleb was listed as a son of Hezron (the grandson of Judah) in order to establish his position and inheritance in Judah’s tribe. In reality, however, Caleb was a foreigner, son of Jephunneh, a Kenizzite, who had joined himself and his clan to Judah’s tribe. Some support this view by arguing that Caleb is a Horite rather than Israelite name.<\/li>\n<li>3. Hur’s son, according to the <span>kjv<\/span> (1 Chr 2:50). Most likely, however, the <span>kjv<\/span> joins what should be two separate phrases. The <span>nlt<\/span> correctly renders it, “These were all descendants of Caleb. The sons of Hur . . .”<\/li>","summary_ro":"CALEB 1. Son of Jephunneh the Kenizzite (Nm 32:12; Jos 14:6) and older brother of Kenaz (Jgs 1:13). Caleb was one of the 12 spies sent to scout out the land of Canaan. Although he and Joshua, another spy, recommended an immediate attack, their suggestion was rejected by the Israelite tribes because of other reports of heavily defended fortresses. Consequently, entrance into Canaan, the Promised Land, was delayed for some years as a divine judgment (Nm 14:21-23, 34-35). When Israel under Joshu...","summary_en":"CALEB 1. Son of Jephunneh the Kenizzite (Nm 32:12; Jos 14:6) and older brother of Kenaz (Jgs 1:13). Caleb was one of the 12 spies sent to scout out the land of Canaan. Although he and Joshua, another spy, recommended an immediate attack, their suggestion was rejected by the Israelite tribes because of other reports of heavily defended fortresses. Consequently, entrance into Canaan, the Promised Land, was delayed for some years as a divine judgment (Nm 14:21-23, 34-35). When Israel under Joshu...","source":"Articles\/C.xml","external_url":null,"has_map":false,"has_picture":false},{"id":35194,"type":"article","type_label":"Articol","type_icon":"📖","type_color":"#d4af37","title_ro":"Shobal","title_en":"Shobal","content_ro":"<h3>SHOBAL<\/h3>\n<li>1. One of the seven sons of Seir the Horite in Edom (Gn 36:20; 1 Chr 1:38). Shobal became the father of five sons (Gn 36:23; 1 Chr 1:40) and a chief among the Horites (Gn 36:29).<\/li>\n<li>2. Hur’s son, the father of Haroeh, and the founder of the families of Kiriath-jearim (1 Chr 2:50-52).<\/li>\n<li>3. One of Judah’s five sons and the father of Reiah (1 Chr 4:1-2); perhaps the same as #2 above.<\/li>","content_en":"<h3>SHOBAL<\/h3>\n<li>1. One of the seven sons of Seir the Horite in Edom (Gn 36:20; 1 Chr 1:38). Shobal became the father of five sons (Gn 36:23; 1 Chr 1:40) and a chief among the Horites (Gn 36:29).<\/li>\n<li>2. Hur’s son, the father of Haroeh, and the founder of the families of Kiriath-jearim (1 Chr 2:50-52).<\/li>\n<li>3. One of Judah’s five sons and the father of Reiah (1 Chr 4:1-2); perhaps the same as #2 above.<\/li>","summary_ro":"SHOBAL 1. One of the seven sons of Seir the Horite in Edom (Gn 36:20; 1 Chr 1:38). Shobal became the father of five sons (Gn 36:23; 1 Chr 1:40) and a chief among the Horites (Gn 36:29). 2. Hur’s son, the father of Haroeh, and the founder of the families of Kiriath-jearim (1 Chr 2:50-52). 3. One of Judah’s five sons and the father of Reiah (1 Chr 4:1-2); perhaps the same as #2 above.","summary_en":"SHOBAL 1. One of the seven sons of Seir the Horite in Edom (Gn 36:20; 1 Chr 1:38). Shobal became the father of five sons (Gn 36:23; 1 Chr 1:40) and a chief among the Horites (Gn 36:29). 2. Hur’s son, the father of Haroeh, and the founder of the families of Kiriath-jearim (1 Chr 2:50-52). 3. One of Judah’s five sons and the father of Reiah (1 Chr 4:1-2); perhaps the same as #2 above.","source":"Articles\/S.xml","external_url":null,"has_map":false,"has_picture":false}],"51":[{"id":4466,"type":"article","type_label":"Articol","type_icon":"📖","type_color":"#d4af37","title_ro":"Beth-Gader","title_en":"Beth-Gader","content_ro":"<h3>BETH-GADER<\/h3>\n<p>Town mentioned in connection with its founder, Hareph, a Calebite (1 Chr 2:51).<\/p>","content_en":"<h3>BETH-GADER<\/h3>\n<p>Town mentioned in connection with its founder, Hareph, a Calebite (1 Chr 2:51).<\/p>","summary_ro":"BETH-GADER Town mentioned in connection with its founder, Hareph, a Calebite (1 Chr 2:51).","summary_en":"BETH-GADER Town mentioned in connection with its founder, Hareph, a Calebite (1 Chr 2:51).","source":"Articles\/B.xml","external_url":null,"has_map":false,"has_picture":false},{"id":4497,"type":"article","type_label":"Articol","type_icon":"📖","type_color":"#d4af37","title_ro":"Bethlehem","title_en":"Bethlehem","content_ro":"<h3>BETHLEHEM<\/h3>\n<li>1. “City of David” and the birthplace of Jesus Christ, five miles (8 kilometers) south of Jerusalem. This city is sometimes called Bethlehem-judah (<span>kjv<\/span>) or Ephrath (Gn 35:19; Mi 5:2) to distinguish it from the Bethlehem of Zebulun.<\/li>\n<p>As an early Canaanite settlement, it was associated with the patriarchs, for Rachel died and was buried in its vicinity (Gn 35:16, 19; 48:7). The earliest known historical reference to Bethlehem occurs in the Amarna texts (14th century <span>BC<\/span>) in which battle reports refer to <em>bitil u-lahama<\/em> south of Jerusalem. The name may have meant “house of (the goddess) Lahama.” A branch of Caleb’s family settled there, and Caleb’s son Salma was known as “the father of Bethlehem” (1 Chr 2:51). Bethlehem was the home of a young Levite who served as priest to Micah (Jgs 17:7-8), and of Boaz, Ruth, Obed, and Jesse, the Bethlehemite, David’s father (Ru 4:11, 17; 1 Sm 16:18).<\/p>\n<p>Bethlehem was the birthplace of David (1 Sm 17:12) and the home of one of David’s mighty men, Elhanan (2 Sm 23:24; 1 Chr 11:26). It was the scene of a daring exploit by three of David’s warriors; they broke through the cordon of Philistine marauders occupying Bethlehem to bring David water from the well (or cistern) near the city gate of his hometown (2 Sm 23:14-17). Much later, Bethlehem is mentioned as being adjacent to the village of Geruth-kimham, where Jews fleeing from the Babylonians stayed en route to Egypt (Jer 41:17). People from Bethlehem were among those returning from the Babylonian exile (Ezr 2:21; Neh 7:26; 1 Esd 5:17).<\/p>\n<p>When Jesus was born there, Bethlehem was only a village (Mt 2:1-16; Lk 2:4-6, 15; Jn 7:42). Under the census decree of Caesar Augustus, Joseph had to go to Bethlehem “because he was of the house and lineage of David” (Lk 2:4). The family may still have had property there. The birth of Jesus possibly took place in a cave in the rocks outside the town. The early Christian writer Justin Martyr thought so, as did Origen some years later. Origen frequently resided in the Holy Land and wrote, “In Bethlehem you are shown the cave where he was born, and within the cave the manger where he was wrapped in swaddling clothes.”<\/p>\n<p>Jerome later described the grotto over which the Emperor Constantine had built a basilica. In excavations in 1934–35, evidence indicated a second period of building in the reign of Justinian (<span>AD<\/span> 527–565), when Constantine’s basilica was extended beyond its original proportions. Steps lead down to the grotto, the rectangular shape of which suggests that Constantine’s builders reshaped the original. But there is no description of the grotto prior to the construction of Constantine’s basilica.<\/p>\n<li>2. Town in Zebulun (Jos 19:15), probably the home of the judge Ibzan (Jgs 12:8-10), an early ruler of Israel. It is identified today with the village of Beit Lahm, some seven miles (11.3 kilometers) northwest of Nazareth.<\/li>","content_en":"<h3>BETHLEHEM<\/h3>\n<li>1. “City of David” and the birthplace of Jesus Christ, five miles (8 kilometers) south of Jerusalem. This city is sometimes called Bethlehem-judah (<span>kjv<\/span>) or Ephrath (Gn 35:19; Mi 5:2) to distinguish it from the Bethlehem of Zebulun.<\/li>\n<p>As an early Canaanite settlement, it was associated with the patriarchs, for Rachel died and was buried in its vicinity (Gn 35:16, 19; 48:7). The earliest known historical reference to Bethlehem occurs in the Amarna texts (14th century <span>BC<\/span>) in which battle reports refer to <em>bitil u-lahama<\/em> south of Jerusalem. The name may have meant “house of (the goddess) Lahama.” A branch of Caleb’s family settled there, and Caleb’s son Salma was known as “the father of Bethlehem” (1 Chr 2:51). Bethlehem was the home of a young Levite who served as priest to Micah (Jgs 17:7-8), and of Boaz, Ruth, Obed, and Jesse, the Bethlehemite, David’s father (Ru 4:11, 17; 1 Sm 16:18).<\/p>\n<p>Bethlehem was the birthplace of David (1 Sm 17:12) and the home of one of David’s mighty men, Elhanan (2 Sm 23:24; 1 Chr 11:26). It was the scene of a daring exploit by three of David’s warriors; they broke through the cordon of Philistine marauders occupying Bethlehem to bring David water from the well (or cistern) near the city gate of his hometown (2 Sm 23:14-17). Much later, Bethlehem is mentioned as being adjacent to the village of Geruth-kimham, where Jews fleeing from the Babylonians stayed en route to Egypt (Jer 41:17). People from Bethlehem were among those returning from the Babylonian exile (Ezr 2:21; Neh 7:26; 1 Esd 5:17).<\/p>\n<p>When Jesus was born there, Bethlehem was only a village (Mt 2:1-16; Lk 2:4-6, 15; Jn 7:42). Under the census decree of Caesar Augustus, Joseph had to go to Bethlehem “because he was of the house and lineage of David” (Lk 2:4). The family may still have had property there. The birth of Jesus possibly took place in a cave in the rocks outside the town. The early Christian writer Justin Martyr thought so, as did Origen some years later. Origen frequently resided in the Holy Land and wrote, “In Bethlehem you are shown the cave where he was born, and within the cave the manger where he was wrapped in swaddling clothes.”<\/p>\n<p>Jerome later described the grotto over which the Emperor Constantine had built a basilica. In excavations in 1934–35, evidence indicated a second period of building in the reign of Justinian (<span>AD<\/span> 527–565), when Constantine’s basilica was extended beyond its original proportions. Steps lead down to the grotto, the rectangular shape of which suggests that Constantine’s builders reshaped the original. But there is no description of the grotto prior to the construction of Constantine’s basilica.<\/p>\n<li>2. Town in Zebulun (Jos 19:15), probably the home of the judge Ibzan (Jgs 12:8-10), an early ruler of Israel. It is identified today with the village of Beit Lahm, some seven miles (11.3 kilometers) northwest of Nazareth.<\/li>","summary_ro":"BETHLEHEM 1. “City of David” and the birthplace of Jesus Christ, five miles (8 kilometers) south of Jerusalem. This city is sometimes called Bethlehem-judah (kjv) or Ephrath (Gn 35:19; Mi 5:2) to distinguish it from the Bethlehem of Zebulun. As an early Canaanite settlement, it was associated with the patriarchs, for Rachel died and was buried in its vicinity (Gn 35:16, 19; 48:7). The earliest known historical reference to Bethlehem occurs in the Amarna texts (14th century BC) in which battle...","summary_en":"BETHLEHEM 1. “City of David” and the birthplace of Jesus Christ, five miles (8 kilometers) south of Jerusalem. This city is sometimes called Bethlehem-judah (kjv) or Ephrath (Gn 35:19; Mi 5:2) to distinguish it from the Bethlehem of Zebulun. As an early Canaanite settlement, it was associated with the patriarchs, for Rachel died and was buried in its vicinity (Gn 35:16, 19; 48:7). The earliest known historical reference to Bethlehem occurs in the Amarna texts (14th century BC) in which battle...","source":"Articles\/B.xml","external_url":null,"has_map":false,"has_picture":false},{"id":13328,"type":"article","type_label":"Articol","type_icon":"📖","type_color":"#d4af37","title_ro":"Geder","title_en":"Geder","content_ro":"<h3>GEDER<\/h3>\n<p>One of the 31 royal cities in Canaan, whose kings were defeated by Joshua (Jos 12:13). Geder is perhaps identifiable with Gedor in the mountains of Judah (15:58) or with Beth-gader (1 Chr 2:51).<\/p>","content_en":"<h3>GEDER<\/h3>\n<p>One of the 31 royal cities in Canaan, whose kings were defeated by Joshua (Jos 12:13). Geder is perhaps identifiable with Gedor in the mountains of Judah (15:58) or with Beth-gader (1 Chr 2:51).<\/p>","summary_ro":"GEDER One of the 31 royal cities in Canaan, whose kings were defeated by Joshua (Jos 12:13). Geder is perhaps identifiable with Gedor in the mountains of Judah (15:58) or with Beth-gader (1 Chr 2:51).","summary_en":"GEDER One of the 31 royal cities in Canaan, whose kings were defeated by Joshua (Jos 12:13). Geder is perhaps identifiable with Gedor in the mountains of Judah (15:58) or with Beth-gader (1 Chr 2:51).","source":"Articles\/G.xml","external_url":null,"has_map":false,"has_picture":false},{"id":15361,"type":"article","type_label":"Articol","type_icon":"📖","type_color":"#d4af37","title_ro":"Hareph","title_en":"Hareph","content_ro":"<h3>HAREPH<\/h3>\n<p>Caleb’s descendant from Judah’s tribe and founder (or perhaps father) of Beth-gader (1 Chr 2:51).<\/p>","content_en":"<h3>HAREPH<\/h3>\n<p>Caleb’s descendant from Judah’s tribe and founder (or perhaps father) of Beth-gader (1 Chr 2:51).<\/p>","summary_ro":"HAREPH Caleb’s descendant from Judah’s tribe and founder (or perhaps father) of Beth-gader (1 Chr 2:51).","summary_en":"HAREPH Caleb’s descendant from Judah’s tribe and founder (or perhaps father) of Beth-gader (1 Chr 2:51).","source":"Articles\/H.xml","external_url":null,"has_map":false,"has_picture":false},{"id":33561,"type":"article","type_label":"Articol","type_icon":"📖","type_color":"#d4af37","title_ro":"Salma","title_en":"Salma","content_ro":"<h3>SALMA<\/h3>\n<li>1. Hur’s son of Caleb’s family. He is considered the founding father of Bethlehem (1 Chr 2:51, 54).<\/li>\n<li>2. An alternate spelling for “Salmon” in 1 Chronicles 2:11. <em>See<\/em> Salmon (Person).<\/li>","content_en":"<h3>SALMA<\/h3>\n<li>1. Hur’s son of Caleb’s family. He is considered the founding father of Bethlehem (1 Chr 2:51, 54).<\/li>\n<li>2. An alternate spelling for “Salmon” in 1 Chronicles 2:11. <em>See<\/em> Salmon (Person).<\/li>","summary_ro":"SALMA 1. Hur’s son of Caleb’s family. He is considered the founding father of Bethlehem (1 Chr 2:51, 54). 2. An alternate spelling for “Salmon” in 1 Chronicles 2:11. See Salmon (Person).","summary_en":"SALMA 1. Hur’s son of Caleb’s family. He is considered the founding father of Bethlehem (1 Chr 2:51, 54). 2. An alternate spelling for “Salmon” in 1 Chronicles 2:11. See Salmon (Person).","source":"Articles\/S.xml","external_url":null,"has_map":false,"has_picture":false}],"52":[{"id":15392,"type":"article","type_label":"Articol","type_icon":"📖","type_color":"#d4af37","title_ro":"Haroeh","title_en":"Haroeh","content_ro":"<h3>HAROEH<\/h3>\n<p>Alternate name of Reaiah, Shobal’s son, in 1 Chronicles 2:52. <em>See<\/em> Reaiah #1.<\/p>","content_en":"<h3>HAROEH<\/h3>\n<p>Alternate name of Reaiah, Shobal’s son, in 1 Chronicles 2:52. <em>See<\/em> Reaiah #1.<\/p>","summary_ro":"HAROEH Alternate name of Reaiah, Shobal’s son, in 1 Chronicles 2:52. See Reaiah #1.","summary_en":"HAROEH Alternate name of Reaiah, Shobal’s son, in 1 Chronicles 2:52. See Reaiah #1.","source":"Articles\/H.xml","external_url":null,"has_map":false,"has_picture":false},{"id":25102,"type":"article","type_label":"Articol","type_icon":"📖","type_color":"#d4af37","title_ro":"Menuhoth*","title_en":"Menuhoth*","content_ro":"<h3>MENUHOTH*<\/h3>\n<p>People descended from Judah through Shobal, mentioned only in 1 Chronicles 2:52 (rendered Manahethites in <span>neb<\/span>, <span>kjv<\/span>; Manahathites in <span>niv<\/span>, <span>nasb<\/span>, <span>nlt<\/span>). The <span>rsv<\/span> transliterates the Hebrew word Menuhoth, which derives from the same root as “half of the Manahathites” in verse 54.<\/p>\n<p><em>See also<\/em> Manahath (Place), Manahathite.<\/p>","content_en":"<h3>MENUHOTH*<\/h3>\n<p>People descended from Judah through Shobal, mentioned only in 1 Chronicles 2:52 (rendered Manahethites in <span>neb<\/span>, <span>kjv<\/span>; Manahathites in <span>niv<\/span>, <span>nasb<\/span>, <span>nlt<\/span>). The <span>rsv<\/span> transliterates the Hebrew word Menuhoth, which derives from the same root as “half of the Manahathites” in verse 54.<\/p>\n<p><em>See also<\/em> Manahath (Place), Manahathite.<\/p>","summary_ro":"MENUHOTH* People descended from Judah through Shobal, mentioned only in 1 Chronicles 2:52 (rendered Manahethites in neb, kjv; Manahathites in niv, nasb, nlt). The rsv transliterates the Hebrew word Menuhoth, which derives from the same root as “half of the Manahathites” in verse 54. See also Manahath (Place), Manahathite.","summary_en":"MENUHOTH* People descended from Judah through Shobal, mentioned only in 1 Chronicles 2:52 (rendered Manahethites in neb, kjv; Manahathites in niv, nasb, nlt). The rsv transliterates the Hebrew word Menuhoth, which derives from the same root as “half of the Manahathites” in verse 54. See also Manahath (Place), Manahathite.","source":"Articles\/M.xml","external_url":null,"has_map":false,"has_picture":false},{"id":32500,"type":"article","type_label":"Articol","type_icon":"📖","type_color":"#d4af37","title_ro":"Reaiah","title_en":"Reaiah","content_ro":"<h3>REAIAH<\/h3>\n<li>1. Shobal’s son and the father of Jahath from the tribe of Judah (1 Chr 4:2), perhaps identifiable with Haroeh (2:52).<\/li>\n<li>2. Reubenite, Micah’s son and the father of Baal (1 Chr 5:5).<\/li>\n<li>3. Head or founder of a family of temple servants who returned with Zerubbabel from captivity in Babylon (Ezr 2:47; Neh 7:50).<\/li>","content_en":"<h3>REAIAH<\/h3>\n<li>1. Shobal’s son and the father of Jahath from the tribe of Judah (1 Chr 4:2), perhaps identifiable with Haroeh (2:52).<\/li>\n<li>2. Reubenite, Micah’s son and the father of Baal (1 Chr 5:5).<\/li>\n<li>3. Head or founder of a family of temple servants who returned with Zerubbabel from captivity in Babylon (Ezr 2:47; Neh 7:50).<\/li>","summary_ro":"REAIAH 1. Shobal’s son and the father of Jahath from the tribe of Judah (1 Chr 4:2), perhaps identifiable with Haroeh (2:52). 2. Reubenite, Micah’s son and the father of Baal (1 Chr 5:5). 3. Head or founder of a family of temple servants who returned with Zerubbabel from captivity in Babylon (Ezr 2:47; Neh 7:50).","summary_en":"REAIAH 1. Shobal’s son and the father of Jahath from the tribe of Judah (1 Chr 4:2), perhaps identifiable with Haroeh (2:52). 2. Reubenite, Micah’s son and the father of Baal (1 Chr 5:5). 3. Head or founder of a family of temple servants who returned with Zerubbabel from captivity in Babylon (Ezr 2:47; Neh 7:50).","source":"Articles\/R.xml","external_url":null,"has_map":false,"has_picture":false}],"53":[{"id":18102,"type":"article","type_label":"Articol","type_icon":"📖","type_color":"#d4af37","title_ro":"Ithrite","title_en":"Ithrite","content_ro":"<h3>ITHRITE<\/h3>\n<p>Family or clan that lived at Kiriath-jearim (1 Chr 2:53). Ira and Gareb, two of David’s mighty men, were Ithrites (2 Sm 23:38; 1 Chr 11:40; <span>nlt<\/span> “from Jattir”). Ithnite is a derivation of Jattir or Jether.<\/p>","content_en":"<h3>ITHRITE<\/h3>\n<p>Family or clan that lived at Kiriath-jearim (1 Chr 2:53). Ira and Gareb, two of David’s mighty men, were Ithrites (2 Sm 23:38; 1 Chr 11:40; <span>nlt<\/span> “from Jattir”). Ithnite is a derivation of Jattir or Jether.<\/p>","summary_ro":"ITHRITE Family or clan that lived at Kiriath-jearim (1 Chr 2:53). Ira and Gareb, two of David’s mighty men, were Ithrites (2 Sm 23:38; 1 Chr 11:40; nlt “from Jattir”). Ithnite is a derivation of Jattir or Jether.","summary_en":"ITHRITE Family or clan that lived at Kiriath-jearim (1 Chr 2:53). Ira and Gareb, two of David’s mighty men, were Ithrites (2 Sm 23:38; 1 Chr 11:40; nlt “from Jattir”). Ithnite is a derivation of Jattir or Jether.","source":"Articles\/I.xml","external_url":null,"has_map":false,"has_picture":false},{"id":26086,"type":"article","type_label":"Articol","type_icon":"📖","type_color":"#d4af37","title_ro":"Mishraite","title_en":"Mishraite","content_ro":"<h3>MISHRAITE<\/h3>\n<p>Descendant of Caleb and a member of Kiriath-jearim’s family from Judah’s tribe (1 Chr 2:53).<\/p>","content_en":"<h3>MISHRAITE<\/h3>\n<p>Descendant of Caleb and a member of Kiriath-jearim’s family from Judah’s tribe (1 Chr 2:53).<\/p>","summary_ro":"MISHRAITE Descendant of Caleb and a member of Kiriath-jearim’s family from Judah’s tribe (1 Chr 2:53).","summary_en":"MISHRAITE Descendant of Caleb and a member of Kiriath-jearim’s family from Judah’s tribe (1 Chr 2:53).","source":"Articles\/M.xml","external_url":null,"has_map":false,"has_picture":false},{"id":32171,"type":"article","type_label":"Articol","type_icon":"📖","type_color":"#d4af37","title_ro":"Puhite*","title_en":"Puhite*","content_ro":"<h3>PUHITE*<\/h3>\n<p>KJV spelling of Puthite, a member of a family of Judah’s tribe, in 1 Chronicles 2:53. <em>See<\/em> Puthite.<\/p>","content_en":"<h3>PUHITE*<\/h3>\n<p>KJV spelling of Puthite, a member of a family of Judah’s tribe, in 1 Chronicles 2:53. <em>See<\/em> Puthite.<\/p>","summary_ro":"PUHITE* KJV spelling of Puthite, a member of a family of Judah’s tribe, in 1 Chronicles 2:53. See Puthite.","summary_en":"PUHITE* KJV spelling of Puthite, a member of a family of Judah’s tribe, in 1 Chronicles 2:53. See Puthite.","source":"Articles\/P.xml","external_url":null,"has_map":false,"has_picture":false},{"id":32218,"type":"article","type_label":"Articol","type_icon":"📖","type_color":"#d4af37","title_ro":"Puthite","title_en":"Puthite","content_ro":"<h3>PUTHITE<\/h3>\n<p>Family of Judah’s tribe from Kiriath-jearim mentioned only in 1 Chronicles 2:53.<\/p>","content_en":"<h3>PUTHITE<\/h3>\n<p>Family of Judah’s tribe from Kiriath-jearim mentioned only in 1 Chronicles 2:53.<\/p>","summary_ro":"PUTHITE Family of Judah’s tribe from Kiriath-jearim mentioned only in 1 Chronicles 2:53.","summary_en":"PUTHITE Family of Judah’s tribe from Kiriath-jearim mentioned only in 1 Chronicles 2:53.","source":"Articles\/P.xml","external_url":null,"has_map":false,"has_picture":false},{"id":35233,"type":"article","type_label":"Articol","type_icon":"📖","type_color":"#d4af37","title_ro":"Shumathite","title_en":"Shumathite","content_ro":"<h3>SHUMATHITE<\/h3>\n<p>Family of Judah, descended from Shobal of Kiriath-jearim. Shobal was the son of Hur from Caleb’s line (1 Chr 2:53).<\/p>","content_en":"<h3>SHUMATHITE<\/h3>\n<p>Family of Judah, descended from Shobal of Kiriath-jearim. Shobal was the son of Hur from Caleb’s line (1 Chr 2:53).<\/p>","summary_ro":"SHUMATHITE Family of Judah, descended from Shobal of Kiriath-jearim. Shobal was the son of Hur from Caleb’s line (1 Chr 2:53).","summary_en":"SHUMATHITE Family of Judah, descended from Shobal of Kiriath-jearim. Shobal was the son of Hur from Caleb’s line (1 Chr 2:53).","source":"Articles\/S.xml","external_url":null,"has_map":false,"has_picture":false},{"id":38914,"type":"article","type_label":"Articol","type_icon":"📖","type_color":"#d4af37","title_ro":"Zareah*, Zareathite*","title_en":"Zareah*, Zareathite*","content_ro":"<h3>ZAREAH*, ZAREATHITE*<\/h3>\n<p>KJV spelling of Zorah and Zorathite in Nehemiah 11:29 and 1 Chronicles 2:53, respectively. <em>See<\/em> Zorah, Zorathite.<\/p>","content_en":"<h3>ZAREAH*, ZAREATHITE*<\/h3>\n<p>KJV spelling of Zorah and Zorathite in Nehemiah 11:29 and 1 Chronicles 2:53, respectively. <em>See<\/em> Zorah, Zorathite.<\/p>","summary_ro":"ZAREAH*, ZAREATHITE* KJV spelling of Zorah and Zorathite in Nehemiah 11:29 and 1 Chronicles 2:53, respectively. See Zorah, Zorathite.","summary_en":"ZAREAH*, ZAREATHITE* KJV spelling of Zorah and Zorathite in Nehemiah 11:29 and 1 Chronicles 2:53, respectively. See Zorah, Zorathite.","source":"Articles\/Z.xml","external_url":null,"has_map":false,"has_picture":false},{"id":39523,"type":"article","type_label":"Articol","type_icon":"📖","type_color":"#d4af37","title_ro":"Zorathite Zorah","title_en":"Zorathite Zorah","content_ro":"<h3>ZORAH, ZORATHITE<\/h3>\n<p>A city of the Shephelah and its people, attributed to both the tribe of Dan and of Judah (Jos 15:33; 19:41). It was part of Judah’s original allocation but was settled by Danites until they established their own territory near Laish (Jgs 18:1-11). Originally Zorah and nearby Eshtaol seem to have been settled by residents of Kiriath-jearim (1 Chr 2:53; 4:2). The city was the home of Manoah, the father of Samson (Jgs 13:2). Samson’s ministry was focused in the region surrounding Zorah and Eshtaol, and he was ultimately buried there. Zorah is traditionally identified with Tell Sur’ah, which is strategically located at the entrance to a large valley leading toward the Mediterranean plain.<\/p>","content_en":"<h3>ZORAH, ZORATHITE<\/h3>\n<p>A city of the Shephelah and its people, attributed to both the tribe of Dan and of Judah (Jos 15:33; 19:41). It was part of Judah’s original allocation but was settled by Danites until they established their own territory near Laish (Jgs 18:1-11). Originally Zorah and nearby Eshtaol seem to have been settled by residents of Kiriath-jearim (1 Chr 2:53; 4:2). The city was the home of Manoah, the father of Samson (Jgs 13:2). Samson’s ministry was focused in the region surrounding Zorah and Eshtaol, and he was ultimately buried there. Zorah is traditionally identified with Tell Sur’ah, which is strategically located at the entrance to a large valley leading toward the Mediterranean plain.<\/p>","summary_ro":"ZORAH, ZORATHITE A city of the Shephelah and its people, attributed to both the tribe of Dan and of Judah (Jos 15:33; 19:41). It was part of Judah’s original allocation but was settled by Danites until they established their own territory near Laish (Jgs 18:1-11). Originally Zorah and nearby Eshtaol seem to have been settled by residents of Kiriath-jearim (1 Chr 2:53; 4:2). The city was the home of Manoah, the father of Samson (Jgs 13:2). Samson’s ministry was focused in the region surroundin...","summary_en":"ZORAH, ZORATHITE A city of the Shephelah and its people, attributed to both the tribe of Dan and of Judah (Jos 15:33; 19:41). It was part of Judah’s original allocation but was settled by Danites until they established their own territory near Laish (Jgs 18:1-11). Originally Zorah and nearby Eshtaol seem to have been settled by residents of Kiriath-jearim (1 Chr 2:53; 4:2). The city was the home of Manoah, the father of Samson (Jgs 13:2). Samson’s ministry was focused in the region surroundin...","source":"Articles\/Z.xml","external_url":null,"has_map":false,"has_picture":false}],"54":[{"id":3134,"type":"article","type_label":"Articol","type_icon":"📖","type_color":"#d4af37","title_ro":"Ataroth","title_en":"Ataroth","content_ro":"<h3>ATAROTH<\/h3>\n<li>1. Town in the mountainous region east of the Jordan River. Ataroth was rebuilt by Gad’s tribe (Nm 32:3, 33-36). It was mentioned on the famous Moabite Stone by King Mesha, who said he brought back the “altar of David” from Ataroth. This Ataroth is probably modern Khirbet Attarus.<\/li>\n<li>2. Town on the southern border of Ephraim’s allotment (Jos 16:2), possibly the same as Ataroth-addar (Jos 16:5; 18:13).<\/li>\n<li>3. Town in the Jordan Valley on the northeast border of Ephraim’s allotment (Jos 16:7).<\/li>\n<li>4. Town in Judah near Bethlehem belonging to the family of Joab, Salma’s son (1 Chr 2:54, <span>kjv<\/span>).<\/li>","content_en":"<h3>ATAROTH<\/h3>\n<li>1. Town in the mountainous region east of the Jordan River. Ataroth was rebuilt by Gad’s tribe (Nm 32:3, 33-36). It was mentioned on the famous Moabite Stone by King Mesha, who said he brought back the “altar of David” from Ataroth. This Ataroth is probably modern Khirbet Attarus.<\/li>\n<li>2. Town on the southern border of Ephraim’s allotment (Jos 16:2), possibly the same as Ataroth-addar (Jos 16:5; 18:13).<\/li>\n<li>3. Town in the Jordan Valley on the northeast border of Ephraim’s allotment (Jos 16:7).<\/li>\n<li>4. Town in Judah near Bethlehem belonging to the family of Joab, Salma’s son (1 Chr 2:54, <span>kjv<\/span>).<\/li>","summary_ro":"ATAROTH 1. Town in the mountainous region east of the Jordan River. Ataroth was rebuilt by Gad’s tribe (Nm 32:3, 33-36). It was mentioned on the famous Moabite Stone by King Mesha, who said he brought back the “altar of David” from Ataroth. This Ataroth is probably modern Khirbet Attarus. 2. Town on the southern border of Ephraim’s allotment (Jos 16:2), possibly the same as Ataroth-addar (Jos 16:5; 18:13). 3. Town in the Jordan Valley on the northeast border of Ephraim’s allotment (Jos 16:7)....","summary_en":"ATAROTH 1. Town in the mountainous region east of the Jordan River. Ataroth was rebuilt by Gad’s tribe (Nm 32:3, 33-36). It was mentioned on the famous Moabite Stone by King Mesha, who said he brought back the “altar of David” from Ataroth. This Ataroth is probably modern Khirbet Attarus. 2. Town on the southern border of Ephraim’s allotment (Jos 16:2), possibly the same as Ataroth-addar (Jos 16:5; 18:13). 3. Town in the Jordan Valley on the northeast border of Ephraim’s allotment (Jos 16:7)....","source":"Articles\/A.xml","external_url":null,"has_map":false,"has_picture":false},{"id":3202,"type":"article","type_label":"Articol","type_icon":"📖","type_color":"#d4af37","title_ro":"Atroth-Beth-Joab","title_en":"Atroth-Beth-Joab","content_ro":"<h3>ATROTH-BETH-JOAB<\/h3>\n<p>Town in Judah near Bethlehem (1 Chr 2:54). Since the Hebrew word <span class=\"hebrew\" lang=\"he\">‘ataroth<\/span> means “crowns,” some scholars think that the phrase may not be a town name at all but a reference to Salma’s descendants as chiefs of Joab’s clan.<\/p>","content_en":"<h3>ATROTH-BETH-JOAB<\/h3>\n<p>Town in Judah near Bethlehem (1 Chr 2:54). Since the Hebrew word <span class=\"hebrew\" lang=\"he\">‘ataroth<\/span> means “crowns,” some scholars think that the phrase may not be a town name at all but a reference to Salma’s descendants as chiefs of Joab’s clan.<\/p>","summary_ro":"ATROTH-BETH-JOAB Town in Judah near Bethlehem (1 Chr 2:54). Since the Hebrew word ‘ataroth means “crowns,” some scholars think that the phrase may not be a town name at all but a reference to Salma’s descendants as chiefs of Joab’s clan.","summary_en":"ATROTH-BETH-JOAB Town in Judah near Bethlehem (1 Chr 2:54). Since the Hebrew word ‘ataroth means “crowns,” some scholars think that the phrase may not be a town name at all but a reference to Salma’s descendants as chiefs of Joab’s clan.","source":"Articles\/A.xml","external_url":null,"has_map":false,"has_picture":false},{"id":19909,"type":"article","type_label":"Articol","type_icon":"📖","type_color":"#d4af37","title_ro":"Joab","title_en":"Joab","content_ro":"<h3>JOAB<\/h3>\n<li>1. Son of Zeruiah, the half sister of David (1 Chr 2:16), who, along with his brothers Abishai and Asahel, was well known for his military valor in Judah (2 Sm 2:18; cf. 1 Sm 26:6). According to 2 Samuel, Joab rose to prominence and distinguished himself at the battle of Gibeon when Saul’s troops under Abner were vanquished (2 Sm 2:8-32). Because Abner had slain Joab’s brother Asahel (v 23), Joab later killed Abner in revenge (3:26-30), despite Abner’s new loyalty to David (vv 12-19). Possibly Joab sensed that Abner would be his rival. Nevertheless, David praised the slain commander as a prince and a great man (vv 31-39) and set a curse on the house of Joab for his insubordination (vv 26-29, 39). This incident illumines Joab’s sometimes unscrupulous and ruthless behavior.<\/li>\n<p>Joab spearheaded David’s siege of the Jebusite city of Jerusalem, and when David consolidated his reign there, Joab became the commander of the king’s army (2 Sm 8:16; 11:1; cf. 1 Chr 11:6-8; 18:15). He suppressed a rebellion among the Syrians and Ammonites (2 Sm 10:7-14; 1 Chr 19:8-15). At Rabbah he not only conquered the city (2 Sm 11–12) but arranged for the death of Uriah the Hittite so that David could take Uriah’s wife, Bathsheba.<\/p>\n<p>Joab’s loyalties to David and shrewd control of the army are seen during Absalom’s rebellion (2 Sm 15). Joab suppressed the conspiracy (ch 18), but ignoring a direct order from David not to kill his son (18:5), brutally killed him anyway (vv 10-17). When David mourned, Joab rebuked the king, urging that a crisis with the army was imminent (19:5-7). This insubordination led David to replace Joab with Amasa as commander (v 13), but later, at Gibeon, Joab also killed him dishonorably (20:8-10). Joab’s influence in the army must have been great, since he regained his former role as military commander (2 Sm 20:23, 24:2; 1 Kgs 1:19).<\/p>\n<p>At the end of David’s reign, Joab supported the conspiracy of Adonijah and Abiathar against the throne (1 Kgs 1:7). David’s distrust of him led the king to warn Solomon specifically about Joab’s repeated treacheries (2:5-9). Solomon had to resolve the problem of an untrustworthy army. Therefore, upon his father’s death, Solomon pursued the conspirators Adonijah (v 23), Abiathar (v 26), and Joab (v 28). Solomon’s officer Benaiah found Joab at the altar seeking refuge and killed him there (vv 28-35), thus cleansing Solomon’s reign from the wrongdoing of Joab.<\/p>\n<li>2. KJV translation (“Ataroth, the house of Joab”) of Atroth-beth-joab in 1 Chronicles 2:54. <em>See<\/em> Atroth-beth-joab.<\/li>\n<li>3. Judahite, Seraiah’s son from the house of Kenaz and forefather of the residents of the valley of craftsmen (1 Chr 4:14).<\/li>\n<li>4. Forefather of a clan of Jews who returned to Palestine with Zerubbabel following the exile (Ezr 2:6; Neh 7:11).<\/li>\n<li>5. Forefather of a family of which 219 members returned with Ezra to Palestine following the exile (Ezr 8:9). He is perhaps identifiable with #4 above.<\/li>","content_en":"<h3>JOAB<\/h3>\n<li>1. Son of Zeruiah, the half sister of David (1 Chr 2:16), who, along with his brothers Abishai and Asahel, was well known for his military valor in Judah (2 Sm 2:18; cf. 1 Sm 26:6). According to 2 Samuel, Joab rose to prominence and distinguished himself at the battle of Gibeon when Saul’s troops under Abner were vanquished (2 Sm 2:8-32). Because Abner had slain Joab’s brother Asahel (v 23), Joab later killed Abner in revenge (3:26-30), despite Abner’s new loyalty to David (vv 12-19). Possibly Joab sensed that Abner would be his rival. Nevertheless, David praised the slain commander as a prince and a great man (vv 31-39) and set a curse on the house of Joab for his insubordination (vv 26-29, 39). This incident illumines Joab’s sometimes unscrupulous and ruthless behavior.<\/li>\n<p>Joab spearheaded David’s siege of the Jebusite city of Jerusalem, and when David consolidated his reign there, Joab became the commander of the king’s army (2 Sm 8:16; 11:1; cf. 1 Chr 11:6-8; 18:15). He suppressed a rebellion among the Syrians and Ammonites (2 Sm 10:7-14; 1 Chr 19:8-15). At Rabbah he not only conquered the city (2 Sm 11–12) but arranged for the death of Uriah the Hittite so that David could take Uriah’s wife, Bathsheba.<\/p>\n<p>Joab’s loyalties to David and shrewd control of the army are seen during Absalom’s rebellion (2 Sm 15). Joab suppressed the conspiracy (ch 18), but ignoring a direct order from David not to kill his son (18:5), brutally killed him anyway (vv 10-17). When David mourned, Joab rebuked the king, urging that a crisis with the army was imminent (19:5-7). This insubordination led David to replace Joab with Amasa as commander (v 13), but later, at Gibeon, Joab also killed him dishonorably (20:8-10). Joab’s influence in the army must have been great, since he regained his former role as military commander (2 Sm 20:23, 24:2; 1 Kgs 1:19).<\/p>\n<p>At the end of David’s reign, Joab supported the conspiracy of Adonijah and Abiathar against the throne (1 Kgs 1:7). David’s distrust of him led the king to warn Solomon specifically about Joab’s repeated treacheries (2:5-9). Solomon had to resolve the problem of an untrustworthy army. Therefore, upon his father’s death, Solomon pursued the conspirators Adonijah (v 23), Abiathar (v 26), and Joab (v 28). Solomon’s officer Benaiah found Joab at the altar seeking refuge and killed him there (vv 28-35), thus cleansing Solomon’s reign from the wrongdoing of Joab.<\/p>\n<li>2. KJV translation (“Ataroth, the house of Joab”) of Atroth-beth-joab in 1 Chronicles 2:54. <em>See<\/em> Atroth-beth-joab.<\/li>\n<li>3. Judahite, Seraiah’s son from the house of Kenaz and forefather of the residents of the valley of craftsmen (1 Chr 4:14).<\/li>\n<li>4. Forefather of a clan of Jews who returned to Palestine with Zerubbabel following the exile (Ezr 2:6; Neh 7:11).<\/li>\n<li>5. Forefather of a family of which 219 members returned with Ezra to Palestine following the exile (Ezr 8:9). He is perhaps identifiable with #4 above.<\/li>","summary_ro":"JOAB 1. Son of Zeruiah, the half sister of David (1 Chr 2:16), who, along with his brothers Abishai and Asahel, was well known for his military valor in Judah (2 Sm 2:18; cf. 1 Sm 26:6). According to 2 Samuel, Joab rose to prominence and distinguished himself at the battle of Gibeon when Saul’s troops under Abner were vanquished (2 Sm 2:8-32). Because Abner had slain Joab’s brother Asahel (v 23), Joab later killed Abner in revenge (3:26-30), despite Abner’s new loyalty to David (vv 12-19). Po...","summary_en":"JOAB 1. Son of Zeruiah, the half sister of David (1 Chr 2:16), who, along with his brothers Abishai and Asahel, was well known for his military valor in Judah (2 Sm 2:18; cf. 1 Sm 26:6). According to 2 Samuel, Joab rose to prominence and distinguished himself at the battle of Gibeon when Saul’s troops under Abner were vanquished (2 Sm 2:8-32). Because Abner had slain Joab’s brother Asahel (v 23), Joab later killed Abner in revenge (3:26-30), despite Abner’s new loyalty to David (vv 12-19). Po...","source":"Articles\/J.xml","external_url":null,"has_map":false,"has_picture":false},{"id":24204,"type":"article","type_label":"Articol","type_icon":"📖","type_color":"#d4af37","title_ro":"Manahathite Manahath (Place)","title_en":"Manahathite Manahath (Place)","content_ro":"<h3>MANAHATH (Place), MANAHATHITE<\/h3>\n<p>Evidently a place in the Judean hills near the Benjamite border (1 Chr 8:6). The Manahathites (1 Chr 2:54), the people of Manahath, had connections with the Judean and Calebite clans in northern Judea. Its site is apparently that of Malha, three miles (4.8 kilometers) southwest of Jerusalem on the northern slope of the valley of Rephaim.<\/p>","content_en":"<h3>MANAHATH (Place), MANAHATHITE<\/h3>\n<p>Evidently a place in the Judean hills near the Benjamite border (1 Chr 8:6). The Manahathites (1 Chr 2:54), the people of Manahath, had connections with the Judean and Calebite clans in northern Judea. Its site is apparently that of Malha, three miles (4.8 kilometers) southwest of Jerusalem on the northern slope of the valley of Rephaim.<\/p>","summary_ro":"MANAHATH (Place), MANAHATHITE Evidently a place in the Judean hills near the Benjamite border (1 Chr 8:6). The Manahathites (1 Chr 2:54), the people of Manahath, had connections with the Judean and Calebite clans in northern Judea. Its site is apparently that of Malha, three miles (4.8 kilometers) southwest of Jerusalem on the northern slope of the valley of Rephaim.","summary_en":"MANAHATH (Place), MANAHATHITE Evidently a place in the Judean hills near the Benjamite border (1 Chr 8:6). The Manahathites (1 Chr 2:54), the people of Manahath, had connections with the Judean and Calebite clans in northern Judea. Its site is apparently that of Malha, three miles (4.8 kilometers) southwest of Jerusalem on the northern slope of the valley of Rephaim.","source":"Articles\/M.xml","external_url":null,"has_map":false,"has_picture":false},{"id":25103,"type":"article","type_label":"Articol","type_icon":"📖","type_color":"#d4af37","title_ro":"Menuhoth*","title_en":"Menuhoth*","content_ro":"<h3>MENUHOTH*<\/h3>\n<p>People descended from Judah through Shobal, mentioned only in 1 Chronicles 2:52 (rendered Manahethites in <span>neb<\/span>, <span>kjv<\/span>; Manahathites in <span>niv<\/span>, <span>nasb<\/span>, <span>nlt<\/span>). The <span>rsv<\/span> transliterates the Hebrew word Menuhoth, which derives from the same root as “half of the Manahathites” in verse 54.<\/p>\n<p><em>See also<\/em> Manahath (Place), Manahathite.<\/p>","content_en":"<h3>MENUHOTH*<\/h3>\n<p>People descended from Judah through Shobal, mentioned only in 1 Chronicles 2:52 (rendered Manahethites in <span>neb<\/span>, <span>kjv<\/span>; Manahathites in <span>niv<\/span>, <span>nasb<\/span>, <span>nlt<\/span>). The <span>rsv<\/span> transliterates the Hebrew word Menuhoth, which derives from the same root as “half of the Manahathites” in verse 54.<\/p>\n<p><em>See also<\/em> Manahath (Place), Manahathite.<\/p>","summary_ro":"MENUHOTH* People descended from Judah through Shobal, mentioned only in 1 Chronicles 2:52 (rendered Manahethites in neb, kjv; Manahathites in niv, nasb, nlt). The rsv transliterates the Hebrew word Menuhoth, which derives from the same root as “half of the Manahathites” in verse 54. See also Manahath (Place), Manahathite.","summary_en":"MENUHOTH* People descended from Judah through Shobal, mentioned only in 1 Chronicles 2:52 (rendered Manahethites in neb, kjv; Manahathites in niv, nasb, nlt). The rsv transliterates the Hebrew word Menuhoth, which derives from the same root as “half of the Manahathites” in verse 54. See also Manahath (Place), Manahathite.","source":"Articles\/M.xml","external_url":null,"has_map":false,"has_picture":false},{"id":27390,"type":"article","type_label":"Articol","type_icon":"📖","type_color":"#d4af37","title_ro":"Netophathite Netophah","title_en":"Netophathite Netophah","content_ro":"<h3>NETOPHAH, NETOPHATHITE<\/h3>\n<p>Home and designation for two of David’s thirty mighty men (2 Sm 23:28-29; 1 Chr 11:30; 27:13-15). Seraiah, one of the captains who came to Gedaliah, the governor in Jerusalem after its fall to Babylon in 586 <span>BC<\/span>, was a Netophathite (2 Kgs 25:23; Jer 40:8). Fifty-six men of Netophah are mentioned as among the exiles who returned from Babylon with Zerubbabel and Joshua (Ezr 2:22).<\/p>\n<p>First Chronicles 9:16 speaks of Levites who lived in the villages of Netophathites, while Nehemiah 12:28 says that temple singers were gathered from the villages surrounding Jerusalem and from the villages of the Netophathites. Both of these references suggest that Netophah was the name of a district and not just of a town.<\/p>\n<p>The linking of Netophah with Bethlehem (see 1 Chr 2:54; Neh 7:26) indicates that it was in that vicinity. The actual site of Netophah is not known; however, the most probable location is the modern Khirbet Bedd Faluh, three miles (4.8 kilometers) southeast of Bethlehem.<\/p>","content_en":"<h3>NETOPHAH, NETOPHATHITE<\/h3>\n<p>Home and designation for two of David’s thirty mighty men (2 Sm 23:28-29; 1 Chr 11:30; 27:13-15). Seraiah, one of the captains who came to Gedaliah, the governor in Jerusalem after its fall to Babylon in 586 <span>BC<\/span>, was a Netophathite (2 Kgs 25:23; Jer 40:8). Fifty-six men of Netophah are mentioned as among the exiles who returned from Babylon with Zerubbabel and Joshua (Ezr 2:22).<\/p>\n<p>First Chronicles 9:16 speaks of Levites who lived in the villages of Netophathites, while Nehemiah 12:28 says that temple singers were gathered from the villages surrounding Jerusalem and from the villages of the Netophathites. Both of these references suggest that Netophah was the name of a district and not just of a town.<\/p>\n<p>The linking of Netophah with Bethlehem (see 1 Chr 2:54; Neh 7:26) indicates that it was in that vicinity. The actual site of Netophah is not known; however, the most probable location is the modern Khirbet Bedd Faluh, three miles (4.8 kilometers) southeast of Bethlehem.<\/p>","summary_ro":"NETOPHAH, NETOPHATHITE Home and designation for two of David’s thirty mighty men (2 Sm 23:28-29; 1 Chr 11:30; 27:13-15). Seraiah, one of the captains who came to Gedaliah, the governor in Jerusalem after its fall to Babylon in 586 BC, was a Netophathite (2 Kgs 25:23; Jer 40:8). Fifty-six men of Netophah are mentioned as among the exiles who returned from Babylon with Zerubbabel and Joshua (Ezr 2:22). First Chronicles 9:16 speaks of Levites who lived in the villages of Netophathites, while Neh...","summary_en":"NETOPHAH, NETOPHATHITE Home and designation for two of David’s thirty mighty men (2 Sm 23:28-29; 1 Chr 11:30; 27:13-15). Seraiah, one of the captains who came to Gedaliah, the governor in Jerusalem after its fall to Babylon in 586 BC, was a Netophathite (2 Kgs 25:23; Jer 40:8). Fifty-six men of Netophah are mentioned as among the exiles who returned from Babylon with Zerubbabel and Joshua (Ezr 2:22). First Chronicles 9:16 speaks of Levites who lived in the villages of Netophathites, while Neh...","source":"Articles\/N.xml","external_url":null,"has_map":false,"has_picture":false},{"id":39526,"type":"article","type_label":"Articol","type_icon":"📖","type_color":"#d4af37","title_ro":"Zorites","title_en":"Zorites","content_ro":"<h3>ZORITES<\/h3>\n<p>Descendants of Salma from Judah’s tribe (1 Chr 2:54). They possibly represent half of the Manahathite clan.<\/p>","content_en":"<h3>ZORITES<\/h3>\n<p>Descendants of Salma from Judah’s tribe (1 Chr 2:54). They possibly represent half of the Manahathite clan.<\/p>","summary_ro":"ZORITES Descendants of Salma from Judah’s tribe (1 Chr 2:54). They possibly represent half of the Manahathite clan.","summary_en":"ZORITES Descendants of Salma from Judah’s tribe (1 Chr 2:54). They possibly represent half of the Manahathite clan.","source":"Articles\/Z.xml","external_url":null,"has_map":false,"has_picture":false}],"55":[{"id":15153,"type":"article","type_label":"Articol","type_icon":"📖","type_color":"#d4af37","title_ro":"Hammath (Person)","title_en":"Hammath (Person)","content_ro":"<h3>HAMMATH (P<span>erson<\/span>)<\/h3>\n<p>Ancestor of the house of Rechab (1 Chr 2:55), about whom nothing else is known.<\/p>","content_en":"<h3>HAMMATH (P<span>erson<\/span>)<\/h3>\n<p>Ancestor of the house of Rechab (1 Chr 2:55), about whom nothing else is known.<\/p>","summary_ro":"HAMMATH (Person) Ancestor of the house of Rechab (1 Chr 2:55), about whom nothing else is known.","summary_en":"HAMMATH (Person) Ancestor of the house of Rechab (1 Chr 2:55), about whom nothing else is known.","source":"Articles\/H.xml","external_url":null,"has_map":false,"has_picture":false},{"id":16200,"type":"article","type_label":"Articol","type_icon":"📖","type_color":"#d4af37","title_ro":"Hemath*","title_en":"Hemath*","content_ro":"<h3>HEMATH*<\/h3>\n<p>KJV form of Hammath, the Rechabite, in 1 Chronicles 2:55. <em>See<\/em> Hammath (Person).<\/p>","content_en":"<h3>HEMATH*<\/h3>\n<p>KJV form of Hammath, the Rechabite, in 1 Chronicles 2:55. <em>See<\/em> Hammath (Person).<\/p>","summary_ro":"HEMATH* KJV form of Hammath, the Rechabite, in 1 Chronicles 2:55. See Hammath (Person).","summary_en":"HEMATH* KJV form of Hammath, the Rechabite, in 1 Chronicles 2:55. See Hammath (Person).","source":"Articles\/H.xml","external_url":null,"has_map":false,"has_picture":false},{"id":18194,"type":"article","type_label":"Articol","type_icon":"📖","type_color":"#d4af37","title_ro":"Jabez (Place)","title_en":"Jabez (Place)","content_ro":"<h3>JABEZ (P<span>lace<\/span>)<\/h3>\n<p>City that was probably located in Judah and was inhabited by scribes (1 Chr 2:55).<\/p>","content_en":"<h3>JABEZ (P<span>lace<\/span>)<\/h3>\n<p>City that was probably located in Judah and was inhabited by scribes (1 Chr 2:55).<\/p>","summary_ro":"JABEZ (Place) City that was probably located in Judah and was inhabited by scribes (1 Chr 2:55).","summary_en":"JABEZ (Place) City that was probably located in Judah and was inhabited by scribes (1 Chr 2:55).","source":"Articles\/J.xml","external_url":null,"has_map":false,"has_picture":false},{"id":20437,"type":"article","type_label":"Articol","type_icon":"📖","type_color":"#d4af37","title_ro":"Jonadab","title_en":"Jonadab","content_ro":"<h3>JONADAB<\/h3>\n<li>1. King David’s nephew, the son of David’s brother Shimeah. As a friend to David’s son Amnon, he devised a scheme by which Amnon seduced his half sister Tamar (2 Sm 13:3-5). Absalom, Tamar’s brother, sought revenge, eventually killing Amnon.<\/li>\n<li>2. Recab’s son; descendant of the Kenites (1 Chr 2:55; <span>nlt<\/span> “Jehonadab”). He founded the religious order of Recabites, who maintained a nomadic tradition. He encouraged Jehu in his bloody reform of the house of Ahab (2 Kgs 10:15, 23).<\/li>","content_en":"<h3>JONADAB<\/h3>\n<li>1. King David’s nephew, the son of David’s brother Shimeah. As a friend to David’s son Amnon, he devised a scheme by which Amnon seduced his half sister Tamar (2 Sm 13:3-5). Absalom, Tamar’s brother, sought revenge, eventually killing Amnon.<\/li>\n<li>2. Recab’s son; descendant of the Kenites (1 Chr 2:55; <span>nlt<\/span> “Jehonadab”). He founded the religious order of Recabites, who maintained a nomadic tradition. He encouraged Jehu in his bloody reform of the house of Ahab (2 Kgs 10:15, 23).<\/li>","summary_ro":"JONADAB 1. King David’s nephew, the son of David’s brother Shimeah. As a friend to David’s son Amnon, he devised a scheme by which Amnon seduced his half sister Tamar (2 Sm 13:3-5). Absalom, Tamar’s brother, sought revenge, eventually killing Amnon. 2. Recab’s son; descendant of the Kenites (1 Chr 2:55; nlt “Jehonadab”). He founded the religious order of Recabites, who maintained a nomadic tradition. He encouraged Jehu in his bloody reform of the house of Ahab (2 Kgs 10:15, 23).","summary_en":"JONADAB 1. King David’s nephew, the son of David’s brother Shimeah. As a friend to David’s son Amnon, he devised a scheme by which Amnon seduced his half sister Tamar (2 Sm 13:3-5). Absalom, Tamar’s brother, sought revenge, eventually killing Amnon. 2. Recab’s son; descendant of the Kenites (1 Chr 2:55; nlt “Jehonadab”). He founded the religious order of Recabites, who maintained a nomadic tradition. He encouraged Jehu in his bloody reform of the house of Ahab (2 Kgs 10:15, 23).","source":"Articles\/J.xml","external_url":null,"has_map":false,"has_picture":false},{"id":21603,"type":"article","type_label":"Articol","type_icon":"📖","type_color":"#d4af37","title_ro":"Kenites","title_en":"Kenites","content_ro":"<h3>KENITES<\/h3>\n<p>One of 10 tribes living in Canaan during Abraham’s time (Gn 15:19). The Kenites, however, are not included in the parallel statement from Moses’ day (Ex 3:17). The apparent reason for this is a more favorable relationship with Israel by that time. That Israel continued to accord special treatment to the Kenites is clear from 1 Samuel 15:6. When Saul mobilized his army against the Amalekites, he gave a warning before the attack. This kindness seems to reflect the aid given by Hobab, son of Reuel, who was their guide in the wilderness (Nm 10:29-31).<\/p>\n<p>By the time of Barak the judge and Deborah the prophetess, there was a branch of the Kenites in Galilee. Judges 4:11 says, “Now Heber the Kenite, a descendant of Moses’ brother-in-law Hobab, had moved away from the other members of his tribe and pitched his tent by the Oak of Zaanannim, near Kedesh” (<span>nlt<\/span>). This Kedesh was in Galilee and was not the Kadesh-barnea of the Sinai wilderness.<\/p>\n<p>Since the name Kenite is closely related to the word for (copper) smith in both Arabic and Aramaic, it may be that this tribe was something of a trade guild of wandering smiths who offered their skills where needed. Nomadic tribes of metalworkers were known to have moved about in the ancient Near East from the early second millennium <span>BC<\/span>. Such artisans are found among the party of Asiatics pictured on the Beni-Hasan tomb in Egypt, dating from the 19th century <span>BC<\/span>. In modern times at least one Arab tribe of gypsylike traveling smiths or tinkers has followed the trade routes in search of employment.<\/p>\n<p>In light of the biblical information about the Kenites, the major question is the influence this seemingly ubiquitous tribe had on the life and culture of the Hebrews. The least likely suggestion is that Moses was dependent on his Kenite\/Midianite father-in-law, Jethro, for making the bronze serpent (Nm 21:4-9). However, it is likely that the Kenites, if indeed expert in metallurgy, may have taught this technology to God’s covenant people to help them achieve settled nationhood. More serious is the suggestion that Jethro (also called Reuel), “priest of Midian,” was the source of Moses’ theology—the monotheistic religion of Jehovah (or Yahweh). This suggestion can be countered from two angles—one biblical and the other historical.<\/p>\n<p>The biblical reference specifically stating that Jehovah was the personal God known to godly men from the earliest generations is Genesis 4:26: “And to Seth, to him also there was born a son; and he called his name Enosh. Then began men to call upon the name of Jehovah” (<span>asv<\/span>). Equally significant is the fact that Moses’ mother (or ancestress, as some would conclude) bore the name Jochebed, “Jehovah is glory.” Obviously, then, Moses did not first hear of Jehovah from his father-in-law during his exile in the wilderness of Midian. The historical evidence indicates that no cultic sites (worship centers) other than the mobile tabernacle were located in Sinai or anywhere south of Beersheba. It was south of that city that the God who earlier revealed himself to the patriarchs at various localities in the north announced to Moses that he was none other than the God of Abraham, of Isaac, and of Jacob (Ex 3:6). The Israelites never returned to Sinai for worship, even though God had first revealed himself to them there.<\/p>\n<p>Jethro clearly learned of Jehovah through Moses, not vice versa. Those Kenites who became part of the family of God’s people did so by adoption, by introduction through Israel’s witness into the covenant relationship with the God of Jacob.<\/p>\n<p>Interestingly, 1 Chronicles 2:55 includes the Kenite Hammath, father of the Recabites, within the genealogy of Judah’s tribe, into which they had been assimilated. David also links the Kenites with other inhabitants of southern Judah (1 Sm 27:10). Jeremiah 35 states that the Recabites preserved the simple nomadic life of their ancestors down to the time of the Babylonian captivity. This, too, conforms to what is known about the nature of the Kenites.<\/p>","content_en":"<h3>KENITES<\/h3>\n<p>One of 10 tribes living in Canaan during Abraham’s time (Gn 15:19). The Kenites, however, are not included in the parallel statement from Moses’ day (Ex 3:17). The apparent reason for this is a more favorable relationship with Israel by that time. That Israel continued to accord special treatment to the Kenites is clear from 1 Samuel 15:6. When Saul mobilized his army against the Amalekites, he gave a warning before the attack. This kindness seems to reflect the aid given by Hobab, son of Reuel, who was their guide in the wilderness (Nm 10:29-31).<\/p>\n<p>By the time of Barak the judge and Deborah the prophetess, there was a branch of the Kenites in Galilee. Judges 4:11 says, “Now Heber the Kenite, a descendant of Moses’ brother-in-law Hobab, had moved away from the other members of his tribe and pitched his tent by the Oak of Zaanannim, near Kedesh” (<span>nlt<\/span>). This Kedesh was in Galilee and was not the Kadesh-barnea of the Sinai wilderness.<\/p>\n<p>Since the name Kenite is closely related to the word for (copper) smith in both Arabic and Aramaic, it may be that this tribe was something of a trade guild of wandering smiths who offered their skills where needed. Nomadic tribes of metalworkers were known to have moved about in the ancient Near East from the early second millennium <span>BC<\/span>. Such artisans are found among the party of Asiatics pictured on the Beni-Hasan tomb in Egypt, dating from the 19th century <span>BC<\/span>. In modern times at least one Arab tribe of gypsylike traveling smiths or tinkers has followed the trade routes in search of employment.<\/p>\n<p>In light of the biblical information about the Kenites, the major question is the influence this seemingly ubiquitous tribe had on the life and culture of the Hebrews. The least likely suggestion is that Moses was dependent on his Kenite\/Midianite father-in-law, Jethro, for making the bronze serpent (Nm 21:4-9). However, it is likely that the Kenites, if indeed expert in metallurgy, may have taught this technology to God’s covenant people to help them achieve settled nationhood. More serious is the suggestion that Jethro (also called Reuel), “priest of Midian,” was the source of Moses’ theology—the monotheistic religion of Jehovah (or Yahweh). This suggestion can be countered from two angles—one biblical and the other historical.<\/p>\n<p>The biblical reference specifically stating that Jehovah was the personal God known to godly men from the earliest generations is Genesis 4:26: “And to Seth, to him also there was born a son; and he called his name Enosh. Then began men to call upon the name of Jehovah” (<span>asv<\/span>). Equally significant is the fact that Moses’ mother (or ancestress, as some would conclude) bore the name Jochebed, “Jehovah is glory.” Obviously, then, Moses did not first hear of Jehovah from his father-in-law during his exile in the wilderness of Midian. The historical evidence indicates that no cultic sites (worship centers) other than the mobile tabernacle were located in Sinai or anywhere south of Beersheba. It was south of that city that the God who earlier revealed himself to the patriarchs at various localities in the north announced to Moses that he was none other than the God of Abraham, of Isaac, and of Jacob (Ex 3:6). The Israelites never returned to Sinai for worship, even though God had first revealed himself to them there.<\/p>\n<p>Jethro clearly learned of Jehovah through Moses, not vice versa. Those Kenites who became part of the family of God’s people did so by adoption, by introduction through Israel’s witness into the covenant relationship with the God of Jacob.<\/p>\n<p>Interestingly, 1 Chronicles 2:55 includes the Kenite Hammath, father of the Recabites, within the genealogy of Judah’s tribe, into which they had been assimilated. David also links the Kenites with other inhabitants of southern Judah (1 Sm 27:10). Jeremiah 35 states that the Recabites preserved the simple nomadic life of their ancestors down to the time of the Babylonian captivity. This, too, conforms to what is known about the nature of the Kenites.<\/p>","summary_ro":"KENITES One of 10 tribes living in Canaan during Abraham’s time (Gn 15:19). The Kenites, however, are not included in the parallel statement from Moses’ day (Ex 3:17). The apparent reason for this is a more favorable relationship with Israel by that time. That Israel continued to accord special treatment to the Kenites is clear from 1 Samuel 15:6. When Saul mobilized his army against the Amalekites, he gave a warning before the attack. This kindness seems to reflect the aid given by Hobab, so...","summary_en":"KENITES One of 10 tribes living in Canaan during Abraham’s time (Gn 15:19). The Kenites, however, are not included in the parallel statement from Moses’ day (Ex 3:17). The apparent reason for this is a more favorable relationship with Israel by that time. That Israel continued to accord special treatment to the Kenites is clear from 1 Samuel 15:6. When Saul mobilized his army against the Amalekites, he gave a warning before the attack. This kindness seems to reflect the aid given by Hobab, so...","source":"Articles\/K.xml","external_url":null,"has_map":false,"has_picture":false},{"id":34114,"type":"article","type_label":"Articol","type_icon":"📖","type_color":"#d4af37","title_ro":"Scribe","title_en":"Scribe","content_ro":"<h3>SCRIBE<\/h3>\n<p>Reference in early OT times to those employed for their ability to transcribe information. After the exile, scribes were a class of scholars who taught, copied, and interpreted the Jewish law for the people. They appear in the Gospels primarily as opponents of Jesus.<\/p>\n<p class=\"h2\" id=\"ScribesinPreexilicTimes\">Scribes in Preexilic Times<\/p>\n<p>The ability to read and write was not widespread in ancient Israel, and professional secretaries were needed in the various aspects of public life. This appears to be the earliest biblical notion of the term “scribe” and has no particular religious connotation. Scribes were employed to keep accounts or transcribe legal information (Jer 32:12), military data (2 Chr 26:11), other public documents (Jgs 8:14; Is 50:1), or personal correspondence (Jer 36:18). These secretaries were essential to royal administrations, and there is frequent mention of a chief scribe who functioned as a court recorder (1 Kgs 4:3; 2 Chr 24:11), adviser (2 Sm 8:16-17; 2 Kgs 18:18; 22:12; 1 Chr 27:32; Is 36:3), and financial overseer (2 Kgs 22:3-4). Secretaries or scribes were associated with the priesthood as well, serving as recorders for temple affairs (1 Chr 24:6; 2 Chr 34:13-15).<\/p>\n<p class=\"h2\" id=\"ScribesinPostexilicTimes\">Scribes in Postexilic Times<\/p>\n<p>With the restoration of Judaism under Ezra and Nehemiah, the term “scribe” begins to be associated more narrowly with those who gathered together, studied, and interpreted the Torah (Jewish law). They became, in essence, a separate profession of teachers (although unpaid), able to preserve accurately the law of Moses and interpret it to meet conditions in postexilic times. In this initial period, Ezra himself appears as the ideal “scribe who studied and taught the commands and laws of the <span>Lord<\/span> to Israel” (Ezr 7:11, <span>nlt<\/span>). In Ecclesiasticus, the scribe is portrayed as one who, because of his diligent study of the Law, the Prophets, and Writings (Ecclus 38:24ff; 39:1), is able to penetrate the hidden meanings of texts (39:2-3) and thus is able to serve as judge and counsel for the affairs of the people and state (38:33; 39:4-8). Because of his invaluable place in a society governed by the Torah, the scribe is worthy of praise and veneration throughout succeeding generations (39:9). By the second century <span>BC<\/span>, the scribes were a fairly distinct class in Jewish society. They appear as such during the Maccabean wars, acting as a negotiating body with the rival Syrians (1 Macc 7:12). It is also significant that, from this time forward, the history of the scribe in Jewish life is closely linked with the rise of the Pharisees. Although there were apparently some scribes affiliated with the rival Sadducean party, the party of the Pharisees, with its absolute devotion to the law (including the oral law), became the primary religiopolitical affiliation for the scribes (see the close connection in the NT: Mt 5:20; 12:38; 15:1; Mk 7:5; Lk 6:7).<\/p>\n<p class=\"h2\" id=\"TrainingandStatus\">Training and Status<\/p>\n<p>The training of scribes initially occurred within priestly family-based guilds that guaranteed the regulation and perpetuation of this position (1 Chr 2:55). Later, scribal training in the law became open to members of all classes, with the eventual result, by Jesus’ time, of scribes from nonpriestly families being far more numerous and influential. Training in the law began at an early age under the personal supervision of a teacher (rabbi), who gave instructions in all matters pertaining to the law and its interpretation for present needs. Because the written law of Moses could not possibly speak directly to conditions in postexilic times, the oral interpretation and application of the written law to meet such current needs was a significant contribution by the scribes. Such oral law promulgated by them was regarded as equal to the written law and equally binding for those desiring to please God (see Mk 7:6-13). This important function, lying at the heart of Jewish life, accounts for the participation of the scribes in the Sanhedrin. The Sanhedrin, in order to make legal decisions in keeping with the law, obviously needed the presence of those most knowledgeable about the minutest details of the Torah and the principles governing its application to new circumstances. The scribes, consequently, were the only members outside the aristocratic high priests and elders to be represented in this Jewish supreme court (Mt 26:57; Mk 14:43, 53; Lk 22:66; Acts 23:9). Being the authoritative instructors of the law both within the temple (Lk 2:46) and within the various synagogues of Judea and Galilee (5:17), as well as prominent members of the Sanhedrin, the scribes were greatly respected within the Jewish community. They wore special robes (Mk 12:38) with memorial fringes at the bottom and phylacteries, or “prayer boxes,” hanging from the arms (Mt 23:5). Such attire made their presence obvious and occasioned the rising or bowing of the common people when they passed (Mk 12:38). They were addressed with respect as “rabbi” or “master” (Mt 23:7) and were given the place of honor at worship as well as at social affairs (Mt 23:2; Mk 12:39; Lk 20:46). Indeed, the high regard the Jews held for their scribes is testified by the fact that such teachers of the law were buried alongside the tombs of the patriarchs and prophets.<\/p>\n<p class=\"h2\" id=\"TheScribesinJesusDay\">The Scribes in Jesus’ Day<\/p>\n<p>The scribes appear predominantly in the ministry of Jesus as those concerned with the circumspectness of legal observance. Luke refers to the scribes as “lawyers,” thereby describing their chief function as interpreters of the Jewish law in a way that communicated to his gentile audience. It is often found, therefore, that the scribes were critical members of Jesus’ audience, accusing him of violating the law on numerous occasions: in forgiving sins (Mt 9:1-3; Lk 5:17-26), in breaking their notion of Sabbath observance through work (Lk 6:1-2) and healing (vv 6-11), in not following their accepted ceremonial washings (Mk 7:2-5), and in ignoring their practice of fasting (Lk 5:33-39). Not surprisingly, they especially disapproved of Jesus’ practice of mingling with the unclean and outcasts of Jewish society (Mk 2:16-17; Lk 15:1-2). In a similar light, they are not unfrequently found presenting questions concerning the law for the purpose of tricking Jesus (Mk 7:5; 12:28, 35; Lk 11:53; Jn 8:3-4). In a similar fashion, they demanded that Jesus make his identity clear (Mt 12:38) and reveal the source of his authority to perform miracles (Mk 3:22; Lk 20:1-4). Although there is evidence that a minority of the scribes accepted Jesus (Mt 8:19; 13:52; Mk 12:32; Jn 3:1-2), their primary attitude toward Jesus was one of hostility. As previously suggested, this was partly due to Jesus’ differing expression of fidelity to the Mosaic law and his openness toward the outcasts. It was also partly due to the rising popularity of Jesus among the people, which posed a threat to their own authority (Mt 7:29) and to the safety of the city (Mt 21:15; Mk 11:18). Certainly, another major contributing factor of their opposition to Jesus was his exposure of their hypocrisy and corruption. In his rebukes of the scribes and the Pharisees, Jesus openly accused them of catering to public approval (Mt 23:5-7; Mk 12:38-39; Lk 11:43). While appearing to be outwardly correct and holy, they were inwardly corrupt (Mt 23:25-28; Lk 11:39-41). Jesus also attacked the principle of oral law taught by the scribes, which they demanded that the people follow. Jesus charged that the oral law was a “heavy burden” that the scribes themselves did not even bother to follow (Mt 23:2-4, 13-22; Lk 11:46). While emphasizing the minor points of the law, the scribes were also guilty of ignoring the weightier concerns of justice, mercy, and faith (Mt 23:23-24; Mk 12:40; Lk 11:42). Contrary to being the descendants of the prophets, as the scribes held themselves to be, the scribes (Jesus claimed) would have killed the prophets if they had lived in their day (Mt 23:29-36; Lk 20:9-19).<\/p>\n<p>It is not surprising to find, therefore, the scribes anxious to get rid of Jesus (Mk 14:1; Lk 11:53). His more flexible interpretation of the law posed a clear threat to their position and authority within the community. The scribes joined forces with their normal opponents (the high priesthood) to engineer Jesus’ arrest (Mk 14:43). When Jesus appeared before them and the rest of the Sanhedrin, they worked with the other leaders to construct a case against him worthy of death (Mt 26:57-66). When taking Jesus before Herod, they stood by and shouted their accusations with the others (Lk 23:10). Finally, they participated with other members of the Sanhedrin in mocking Jesus on the cross, demanding that Jesus save himself by coming down from the cross (Mt 27:41-43). Prior to the destruction of Jerusalem in <span>AD<\/span> 70, the scribes continued with the other elements of the Sanhedrin to oppose the early Christian church, and they brought about Stephen’s martyrdom (Acts 6:12-14).<\/p>\n<p><em>See also<\/em> Judaism; Pharisees; Writer.<\/p>","content_en":"<h3>SCRIBE<\/h3>\n<p>Reference in early OT times to those employed for their ability to transcribe information. After the exile, scribes were a class of scholars who taught, copied, and interpreted the Jewish law for the people. They appear in the Gospels primarily as opponents of Jesus.<\/p>\n<p class=\"h2\" id=\"ScribesinPreexilicTimes\">Scribes in Preexilic Times<\/p>\n<p>The ability to read and write was not widespread in ancient Israel, and professional secretaries were needed in the various aspects of public life. This appears to be the earliest biblical notion of the term “scribe” and has no particular religious connotation. Scribes were employed to keep accounts or transcribe legal information (Jer 32:12), military data (2 Chr 26:11), other public documents (Jgs 8:14; Is 50:1), or personal correspondence (Jer 36:18). These secretaries were essential to royal administrations, and there is frequent mention of a chief scribe who functioned as a court recorder (1 Kgs 4:3; 2 Chr 24:11), adviser (2 Sm 8:16-17; 2 Kgs 18:18; 22:12; 1 Chr 27:32; Is 36:3), and financial overseer (2 Kgs 22:3-4). Secretaries or scribes were associated with the priesthood as well, serving as recorders for temple affairs (1 Chr 24:6; 2 Chr 34:13-15).<\/p>\n<p class=\"h2\" id=\"ScribesinPostexilicTimes\">Scribes in Postexilic Times<\/p>\n<p>With the restoration of Judaism under Ezra and Nehemiah, the term “scribe” begins to be associated more narrowly with those who gathered together, studied, and interpreted the Torah (Jewish law). They became, in essence, a separate profession of teachers (although unpaid), able to preserve accurately the law of Moses and interpret it to meet conditions in postexilic times. In this initial period, Ezra himself appears as the ideal “scribe who studied and taught the commands and laws of the <span>Lord<\/span> to Israel” (Ezr 7:11, <span>nlt<\/span>). In Ecclesiasticus, the scribe is portrayed as one who, because of his diligent study of the Law, the Prophets, and Writings (Ecclus 38:24ff; 39:1), is able to penetrate the hidden meanings of texts (39:2-3) and thus is able to serve as judge and counsel for the affairs of the people and state (38:33; 39:4-8). Because of his invaluable place in a society governed by the Torah, the scribe is worthy of praise and veneration throughout succeeding generations (39:9). By the second century <span>BC<\/span>, the scribes were a fairly distinct class in Jewish society. They appear as such during the Maccabean wars, acting as a negotiating body with the rival Syrians (1 Macc 7:12). It is also significant that, from this time forward, the history of the scribe in Jewish life is closely linked with the rise of the Pharisees. Although there were apparently some scribes affiliated with the rival Sadducean party, the party of the Pharisees, with its absolute devotion to the law (including the oral law), became the primary religiopolitical affiliation for the scribes (see the close connection in the NT: Mt 5:20; 12:38; 15:1; Mk 7:5; Lk 6:7).<\/p>\n<p class=\"h2\" id=\"TrainingandStatus\">Training and Status<\/p>\n<p>The training of scribes initially occurred within priestly family-based guilds that guaranteed the regulation and perpetuation of this position (1 Chr 2:55). Later, scribal training in the law became open to members of all classes, with the eventual result, by Jesus’ time, of scribes from nonpriestly families being far more numerous and influential. Training in the law began at an early age under the personal supervision of a teacher (rabbi), who gave instructions in all matters pertaining to the law and its interpretation for present needs. Because the written law of Moses could not possibly speak directly to conditions in postexilic times, the oral interpretation and application of the written law to meet such current needs was a significant contribution by the scribes. Such oral law promulgated by them was regarded as equal to the written law and equally binding for those desiring to please God (see Mk 7:6-13). This important function, lying at the heart of Jewish life, accounts for the participation of the scribes in the Sanhedrin. The Sanhedrin, in order to make legal decisions in keeping with the law, obviously needed the presence of those most knowledgeable about the minutest details of the Torah and the principles governing its application to new circumstances. The scribes, consequently, were the only members outside the aristocratic high priests and elders to be represented in this Jewish supreme court (Mt 26:57; Mk 14:43, 53; Lk 22:66; Acts 23:9). Being the authoritative instructors of the law both within the temple (Lk 2:46) and within the various synagogues of Judea and Galilee (5:17), as well as prominent members of the Sanhedrin, the scribes were greatly respected within the Jewish community. They wore special robes (Mk 12:38) with memorial fringes at the bottom and phylacteries, or “prayer boxes,” hanging from the arms (Mt 23:5). Such attire made their presence obvious and occasioned the rising or bowing of the common people when they passed (Mk 12:38). They were addressed with respect as “rabbi” or “master” (Mt 23:7) and were given the place of honor at worship as well as at social affairs (Mt 23:2; Mk 12:39; Lk 20:46). Indeed, the high regard the Jews held for their scribes is testified by the fact that such teachers of the law were buried alongside the tombs of the patriarchs and prophets.<\/p>\n<p class=\"h2\" id=\"TheScribesinJesusDay\">The Scribes in Jesus’ Day<\/p>\n<p>The scribes appear predominantly in the ministry of Jesus as those concerned with the circumspectness of legal observance. Luke refers to the scribes as “lawyers,” thereby describing their chief function as interpreters of the Jewish law in a way that communicated to his gentile audience. It is often found, therefore, that the scribes were critical members of Jesus’ audience, accusing him of violating the law on numerous occasions: in forgiving sins (Mt 9:1-3; Lk 5:17-26), in breaking their notion of Sabbath observance through work (Lk 6:1-2) and healing (vv 6-11), in not following their accepted ceremonial washings (Mk 7:2-5), and in ignoring their practice of fasting (Lk 5:33-39). Not surprisingly, they especially disapproved of Jesus’ practice of mingling with the unclean and outcasts of Jewish society (Mk 2:16-17; Lk 15:1-2). In a similar light, they are not unfrequently found presenting questions concerning the law for the purpose of tricking Jesus (Mk 7:5; 12:28, 35; Lk 11:53; Jn 8:3-4). In a similar fashion, they demanded that Jesus make his identity clear (Mt 12:38) and reveal the source of his authority to perform miracles (Mk 3:22; Lk 20:1-4). Although there is evidence that a minority of the scribes accepted Jesus (Mt 8:19; 13:52; Mk 12:32; Jn 3:1-2), their primary attitude toward Jesus was one of hostility. As previously suggested, this was partly due to Jesus’ differing expression of fidelity to the Mosaic law and his openness toward the outcasts. It was also partly due to the rising popularity of Jesus among the people, which posed a threat to their own authority (Mt 7:29) and to the safety of the city (Mt 21:15; Mk 11:18). Certainly, another major contributing factor of their opposition to Jesus was his exposure of their hypocrisy and corruption. In his rebukes of the scribes and the Pharisees, Jesus openly accused them of catering to public approval (Mt 23:5-7; Mk 12:38-39; Lk 11:43). While appearing to be outwardly correct and holy, they were inwardly corrupt (Mt 23:25-28; Lk 11:39-41). Jesus also attacked the principle of oral law taught by the scribes, which they demanded that the people follow. Jesus charged that the oral law was a “heavy burden” that the scribes themselves did not even bother to follow (Mt 23:2-4, 13-22; Lk 11:46). While emphasizing the minor points of the law, the scribes were also guilty of ignoring the weightier concerns of justice, mercy, and faith (Mt 23:23-24; Mk 12:40; Lk 11:42). Contrary to being the descendants of the prophets, as the scribes held themselves to be, the scribes (Jesus claimed) would have killed the prophets if they had lived in their day (Mt 23:29-36; Lk 20:9-19).<\/p>\n<p>It is not surprising to find, therefore, the scribes anxious to get rid of Jesus (Mk 14:1; Lk 11:53). His more flexible interpretation of the law posed a clear threat to their position and authority within the community. The scribes joined forces with their normal opponents (the high priesthood) to engineer Jesus’ arrest (Mk 14:43). When Jesus appeared before them and the rest of the Sanhedrin, they worked with the other leaders to construct a case against him worthy of death (Mt 26:57-66). When taking Jesus before Herod, they stood by and shouted their accusations with the others (Lk 23:10). Finally, they participated with other members of the Sanhedrin in mocking Jesus on the cross, demanding that Jesus save himself by coming down from the cross (Mt 27:41-43). Prior to the destruction of Jerusalem in <span>AD<\/span> 70, the scribes continued with the other elements of the Sanhedrin to oppose the early Christian church, and they brought about Stephen’s martyrdom (Acts 6:12-14).<\/p>\n<p><em>See also<\/em> Judaism; Pharisees; Writer.<\/p>","summary_ro":"SCRIBE Reference in early OT times to those employed for their ability to transcribe information. After the exile, scribes were a class of scholars who taught, copied, and interpreted the Jewish law for the people. They appear in the Gospels primarily as opponents of Jesus. Scribes in Preexilic Times The ability to read and write was not widespread in ancient Israel, and professional secretaries were needed in the various aspects of public life. This appears to be the earliest biblical notion...","summary_en":"SCRIBE Reference in early OT times to those employed for their ability to transcribe information. After the exile, scribes were a class of scholars who taught, copied, and interpreted the Jewish law for the people. They appear in the Gospels primarily as opponents of Jesus. Scribes in Preexilic Times The ability to read and write was not widespread in ancient Israel, and professional secretaries were needed in the various aspects of public life. This appears to be the earliest biblical notion...","source":"Articles\/S.xml","external_url":null,"has_map":false,"has_picture":false},{"id":35096,"type":"article","type_label":"Articol","type_icon":"📖","type_color":"#d4af37","title_ro":"Shimeathite","title_en":"Shimeathite","content_ro":"<h3>SHIMEATHITE<\/h3>\n<p>One of three families of scribes living at Jabez in Judah. They were perhaps Kenites and descendants of Hammath (1 Chr 2:55). Their history is not certain. The Shimeathites may be identified with one of the nomadic Kenite tribes that settled with the Amalekites in southern Palestine during Saul’s reign in Israel (1020–1000 <span>BC<\/span>).<\/p>","content_en":"<h3>SHIMEATHITE<\/h3>\n<p>One of three families of scribes living at Jabez in Judah. They were perhaps Kenites and descendants of Hammath (1 Chr 2:55). Their history is not certain. The Shimeathites may be identified with one of the nomadic Kenite tribes that settled with the Amalekites in southern Palestine during Saul’s reign in Israel (1020–1000 <span>BC<\/span>).<\/p>","summary_ro":"SHIMEATHITE One of three families of scribes living at Jabez in Judah. They were perhaps Kenites and descendants of Hammath (1 Chr 2:55). Their history is not certain. The Shimeathites may be identified with one of the nomadic Kenite tribes that settled with the Amalekites in southern Palestine during Saul’s reign in Israel (1020–1000 BC).","summary_en":"SHIMEATHITE One of three families of scribes living at Jabez in Judah. They were perhaps Kenites and descendants of Hammath (1 Chr 2:55). Their history is not certain. The Shimeathites may be identified with one of the nomadic Kenite tribes that settled with the Amalekites in southern Palestine during Saul’s reign in Israel (1020–1000 BC).","source":"Articles\/S.xml","external_url":null,"has_map":false,"has_picture":false},{"id":36396,"type":"article","type_label":"Articol","type_icon":"📖","type_color":"#d4af37","title_ro":"Sucathite","title_en":"Sucathite","content_ro":"<h3>SUCATHITE<\/h3>\n<p>Family of scribes living at Jabez of Judah and descendants of the Kenites (1 Chr 2:55).<\/p>","content_en":"<h3>SUCATHITE<\/h3>\n<p>Family of scribes living at Jabez of Judah and descendants of the Kenites (1 Chr 2:55).<\/p>","summary_ro":"SUCATHITE Family of scribes living at Jabez of Judah and descendants of the Kenites (1 Chr 2:55).","summary_en":"SUCATHITE Family of scribes living at Jabez of Judah and descendants of the Kenites (1 Chr 2:55).","source":"Articles\/S.xml","external_url":null,"has_map":false,"has_picture":false},{"id":36411,"type":"article","type_label":"Articol","type_icon":"📖","type_color":"#d4af37","title_ro":"Suchathite*","title_en":"Suchathite*","content_ro":"<h3>SUCHATHITE*<\/h3>\n<p>KJV spelling of Sucathite, a family of scribes, in 1 Chronicles 2:55. <em>See<\/em> Sucathite.<\/p>","content_en":"<h3>SUCHATHITE*<\/h3>\n<p>KJV spelling of Sucathite, a family of scribes, in 1 Chronicles 2:55. <em>See<\/em> Sucathite.<\/p>","summary_ro":"SUCHATHITE* KJV spelling of Sucathite, a family of scribes, in 1 Chronicles 2:55. See Sucathite.","summary_en":"SUCHATHITE* KJV spelling of Sucathite, a family of scribes, in 1 Chronicles 2:55. See Sucathite.","source":"Articles\/S.xml","external_url":null,"has_map":false,"has_picture":false},{"id":37393,"type":"article","type_label":"Articol","type_icon":"📖","type_color":"#d4af37","title_ro":"Tirathites","title_en":"Tirathites","content_ro":"<h3>TIRATHITES<\/h3>\n<p>First of three families listed as scribes living at Jabez; perhaps belonging to the Kenite family (1 Chr 2:55).<\/p>","content_en":"<h3>TIRATHITES<\/h3>\n<p>First of three families listed as scribes living at Jabez; perhaps belonging to the Kenite family (1 Chr 2:55).<\/p>","summary_ro":"TIRATHITES First of three families listed as scribes living at Jabez; perhaps belonging to the Kenite family (1 Chr 2:55).","summary_en":"TIRATHITES First of three families listed as scribes living at Jabez; perhaps belonging to the Kenite family (1 Chr 2:55).","source":"Articles\/T.xml","external_url":null,"has_map":false,"has_picture":false}]},"labels":{"article":"Articol","map":"Hartă","chart":"Diagramă","textbox":"Notă explicativă","picture":"Imagine","profile":"Profil","study_note":"Notă de studiu","theme_note":"Temă biblică"},"icons":{"article":"📖","map":"🗺️","chart":"📊","textbox":"💡","picture":"🖼️","profile":"👤","study_note":"📝","theme_note":"🎯"},"typeColors":{"article":"#d4af37","map":"#2d7d46","chart":"#3b82f6","textbox":"#8b5cf6","picture":"#ec4899","profile":"#f59e0b","study_note":"#06b6d4","theme_note":"#ef4444"}}
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